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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Hermes the god of?
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trickster, herald, messnger, proctector of travelers, of thieves.
-latin name Mercury, protects merchants, and guide of souls Bringer of Luck -slayer of argus |
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What did Hermes do as a baby?
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invented the lyre by killing a tortoise, stole the cattle of apollo, and lied about it to Zeus and Apollo
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Who was Herme's Mom?
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Maia, one of the Pleiades
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What was the story of Herme's first day?
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son of nymph maia conceived in a cave
-the child that was born: clever, robber, driver of cattle born at dawn, midday he was playing the lyre evening: stole the cattle of apollo |
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What is the interpretation of the "tortoise"in the hymn?
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structuralism: inside vs. outside
feminist: women live inside, men outside= tortoise= feminine apotropaic symbol-wards off evil deconstruction: a tortoise is deconstructed to produce something else, new meaning. from charm against evil> it becomes the maker of music Symbolism and deconstruction, construction of new meanings |
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What's a Herm?
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a upright block statue with Hermes' head and a penis
-boundary markers/fertility -intended to bring good luck -could be found otuside houses, at crossroads -marked areas regarded as sacred or makred the bounds of one's homnes or property |
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Who was Dionysus' mother?
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Semele, daughter of Cadmus
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What happened to Semele, Dionysus's mother?
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Hera appeared to Semele as an old woman and convinced her to ask Zeus to appear in his full glory
-semele was burned because of all the fire and lightning of zeus, but Dionysus was not destroyed Zeus sewed him up in his thigh from which he was born Hermes rescued the baby from teh ashes and brought the baby to the nymphs of Nysa |
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What was Dionysus the god of?
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vegetation, particularly wine
blossom bringer, fruit bringer |
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What was Euripides' Bacchae about?
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a play about Dionysus who is angry that his mother's integrity and his own divinity are questioned
-sisters of Semele claim, and Pentheus(the ruler and cousin of Dionysus) agrees that Semele became pregnant with a mortal -Pentheus challenges Dionysus -Guard brings exotic stranger =ferocious finale as Agave (mother of Pentheus) with the maenad rips apart her son -Progression from politcal to psychological to physical fragmentation(Sparagmos) |
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Who are Dionysus' Followers?
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Bacchae/Maenads are female devotees, women who become possessed.
-in mythology, they are nympsh rather than real women. carry the thyrsus, a pole wreathed with ivy or wine leaves Satyrs- male counterparts (horse's tails, ears, goat's beard and horns), later art has them more humanized. Sexuality and dnace Sileni- not easily distinguished from Satyrs, they are the tutors of Dionysus |
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What is the significance of Dionysus' marriage to Ariadne?
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Ariadne was deserted by Theseus in the island of Naxos, and Dionysus takes her.
In myth, Ariadne is a Cretan princess, the daughter of Minos and Pasiphae. Abandoned by a man to be found by a god -in religion, Ariadne was an archetypal goddess of fertility> significance of this "archetypal" marriage |
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What is Orgia?
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acts of devotion to Dionysus
experience communication with the divine, which transforms the human in to a bacchus -mountains/dancing/ritual/sympathetic magic |
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What is Sparagmos?
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tearing sacrifices into pieces
usually bull or wild goats Frazer's view that the vicitm transfers vital powers to the worshipper |
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What is Demeter the god of?
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goddess of grain and earth fertility
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What happened to Hades Persephone and Demeter?
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persephone was abducted by Hades
-Hecate and Helius saw/heard -demeter's grief, anger and retaliation -hades makes persephone eat the seeds of the pomegranate and that is how long she needs to stay in the underworld per year |
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What are the interpretation of the Demeter story?
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death and rebirth of vegetation
allegorical interpretation- seasons change family experience, the daughter's marriage (voluntarily takes the flower, symbol of marriage, separation from natal family) symbolic interpretation -loss from child, as so many children are lost to war and disease. Lamentation rituals around this myth. demeter is mater dolorosa The myth of demeter becomes the etiology for the prescence of death. Thus the cult becomes an experience of afterlife. |
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What is the Eleusinian Mysteries?
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-special position of Athens
-initiates -secrecy of rites -mystery religions -group experience -personal experience of the afterlife -ritual purity, fasting -magical rite ensuring the growth of grain -political significance -connection with orpheus |
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What is the structure of Eleusinian Mysteries?
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High Priest=Hierophant(he who revels the hiera, sacred things) always a Eumolpid (one of the two families)
from the famnily of Kerykes, always the torchbearer and the herald time: fall every year -Hiera removed from Telesterion and carried to Athens -everyone who spoke greek except murders were eligible for initiation Priestest of Demeter like the hierophant lived int he sanctuary |
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What is the architecture of Telesterion like?
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temple of demeter
unique in architecture. the temple is to be viewed from the inside instead of the usual viewing of only the outside |
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Who's Triptolemus?
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one of the Princes of Eleusis to whom Demeter taught her sacred rites.
traveled over the world teaching the art of growing grain |
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Where does Demeter wander to and what does she do there?
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wanders to Eleusis and the palace of Celeus
-sits at a maiden well -nurses demophoon, Queen Metaneira's son |
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Who wrote the Odyssey?
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Homer
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What happens in the odyssey?
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odysseus tells his adventures to teh Phaeacians and their king,right before his final return to his homeland, Ithaca.
-had to consult with the seer Tiresias about how to reach Ithaca |
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What do you have to do once you arrive to the underworld?
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-pour libation to all the dead,mixture of honey and milk, then sweet wine mixed with water, over it sprinkled white barley
-promise of sacrifice upon return -prayers and supplications |
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What happens when Odyssesus sees Elpenor?
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meets his dead friend's soul in the underworld
he died when he fell elpenor says to odysseus" do not leave me unburied" |
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Who is Anticlea?
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Odysseus' mother who is in the underworld
reveals that heartache and longing for her son brought her to the underworld -odysseus becomes emotional and wants to embrace his mother, but is not possible not allowed to touch anything physically |
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Who is Agamemnon?
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leader of the greek army in the expedition to Troy
-Odysseus sees him there, and Agamemnon tells Odysseus how he was murdered by his own wife Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus |
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What did Achilles say to Odysseus?
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in the underworld.
he rather be a slave to another man on earth than have a strong reputation in the underworld -reflects his heroic activity |
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Who is Ajax?
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a hero from the Trojan war, commited suicide because his honor and pride were hurt
when odysseus was warded the armor of achilles rather than ajax. ajax doesnt talk to odysseus |
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Who is the judge of the Underworld?
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King Minos of Crete
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What is the theme of after life?
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theme of justice
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Who is Tityus?
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vultures eat his liver, he had assaulted Leto
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Who is Tantalus?
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unquenchable thirst, tried to drink, water dried, couldn't reach food from trees either, wind snatched it away
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Who is Sisyphus?
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son of Aeolus (god of winds)
angered Zeus, and Zeus sent Death(Thanatos) to carry sisyphus off. Sisyphus chained thanatos and as long as he was chained, no mortals could die -eventually ares freed death |
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What did Sisyphus do to escape death, but what was his punishment afterward?
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Sisyphus had left instructions to his wife Merope not to make customary sacrifices after his death
-when hades saw no sacrifices he sent him back, where he died in advanced old age -punished int he underworld for revealing zeus' adventures by having to roll a huge rock uphill only to have it roll down again. repetition punishment |
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What was the interpretation of the odyssey?
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sacrificial ceremonies
-ritual activites -catalogue of heroes -competitive aspect to account for the catalogue -vague geography of the homeric underworld |
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What is the Aeneid and who was it written by?
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Vergil/Virgil
roman poet 29-19 BC it's about Aeneas's adventure |
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Who is Aeneas?
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Aeneas is son of Aphrodite and Anchises
Aeneas is the mythical character of Augustus and tehy are the founding fathers of Rome |
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Who is Dido?
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in love with aeneas, but aeneas had to leave her because Zeus told him he needed to complete his journey
-Dido commits suicide |
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Who attends Aeneas to hell and what did she help him with?
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Sibyl, prophetess of Apollo
conducted him to his father Anchises, and Anchises instructs him in those sublime mysteries of the soul of the world |
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Who was there on the journey to the Underworld with Aeneas?
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there were Rivers
Styx The ferryman Charon Cerberus |
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What was in Limbo?
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areas for
Untimely dead: -infants, unjustly condemned, unhappy lovers ex: where A meets Dido Area for Warriors: where A meats Deiphobus Tartarus: area for everlasting sinners The fields of Elysium: for the blessed ex: where A found Anchises |
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What did Anchises tell Aeneas about the future?
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the waiting souls of the future, who turns out to be kings and leaders of the roman race,
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Who is Palinurus?
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the helmsman, fallen overboard, killed by tribesmen
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Who is Deiphobus?
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the trojan who wed Helen after Paris' death
his body was mutilated by the greeks |
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Who is Styx?
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main river of the underworld
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Who is Orpheus's mom?
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son of one of the muses Calliope and Oeagrus a river god
-according to some, his fater was mortal |
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What was Orpheus like?
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archetypal musician
-reaction of nature to his music --wooed and won over Eurydice a nymph by the charm of his music |
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Who is Aristaeus and how did he affect Orpheus and Eurydice?
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disrupted the wedding of Orpheus and Eurydice, pursuing the bride
-Eurydice fled and stepped on a snake that killed her |
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How did Orpheus try to save Eurydice?
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Orpheus went to the underworld
-hades and persephone agreed to release the young bride, provided that orpheus does not look back -he looked back, so Cereberus turned him away |
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What did the Bacchae do to Orpheus?
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they sparagmos him because he neglected them or excluded them from his mysteries or he neglected Dionysus
-corpse in river Hebrus, head continues to sing and prophesy |
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What is the significance of the twist of how Eurydice died?
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she was running happily through a meadow, stepped by accident on a water snake, bitten and died
-the meadow is the place for women to get lost ex: persephone who was picking flowers |
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What are some dualities of Orpheus?
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he has music, prophecy, magic like apollo but none of the violence
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What are some significant things of Orpheus?
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expedition w/ jason and argonauts
-played his lyre and drowned out sirens |
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What are Orphic hymns/bibles?
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writings attributed to orpheus
teaching of orpheus offered afterlife myths, mysteries like the eleusinian -offered theogony and anthropogony |
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What are golden Lamellae?
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thin plates of gold found in graves with inscriptions
portion of sacred literature to the dead man, as instruction for the way to the underworld. |
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Who took care of Dionysus as a baby?
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the nymphs from Nysa
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Where was Ariadne abandoned?
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island Naxos
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What is a thysus?
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pole with ivy on top
associateed with Dionysus' followers |
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What is a thiasos?
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religious congregation
associated with dionysus |
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Who is Iambe?
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the maid who makes demeter smile
-breaks her fast |
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Who are the Kerykes?
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family of heralds and torch bearers
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When are Eleusian mysteries performed?
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in the fall, annual rituals
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What was the significance of Odysseus seeing Heracles?
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last person he saw
phantom heracles, real one in mt.olympus odysseus says that heracles came and talked to HIM , which makes his reputation look better |
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Who is Tieresias?
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tells odyssesus how to get home
needs to be consulted by tieresias |
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Who took care of Dionysus as a baby?
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the nymphs from Nysa
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Where was Ariadne abandoned?
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island Naxos
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What is a thysus?
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pole with ivy on top
associateed with Dionysus' followers |
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What is a thiasos?
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religious congregation
associated with dionysus |
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Who is Iambe?
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the maid who makes demeter smile
-breaks her fast |
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Ariadne, Dionysus, and Satyr
1520-23 painting |
Who is in this picture, when was it made and what kind of art is this?
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Orpheus taming wild animals
Jerusalem 5th c. AD |
When was this picture made, who is in it?
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Demeter on left, triptolemos, and persephone
440 BC sculpture relief |
Who is in this photo, what kind of art is this, and when is this made?
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persephone, hermes, hecate, and demeter
hecate leads persephone accompained by hermesfrom the underworld while demeter waits 440 BC Vase |
Who is in the picture, when was it made and what kind of art?
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Who wrote the passage about Demeter?
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homeric hymns
written in 8th century BC |
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Who wrote the passage about Hermes?
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Homeric Hymns
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