Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Rome Founded
|
April 21 753 BCE
|
|
|
Romoulus
|
753-715
Lawgiver Believed laws created unification From the beginning law is important Increased size of Rome Created the senate of 100 men (patres) Descendants are patrician class of Rome Consecrates first temple |
|
|
Numa Pompilius
|
Elected into kingship by Senate
New foundation in justice, law, and religion Temple of Janus Indicator of peace and war Creates religious festivals and priesthoods |
|
|
Tullius Hostilius
|
“thinking that the state was becoming enfeebled from inaction, he looked around for an excuse to stir up war.”
Reign of conquest and expansion Increased population Defeated peoples brought into rome Builds senate house |
|
|
Ancus Marcius
|
Creates ritual for “just war”
War always seemed inevitable Formation of the plebian citizen class Assigned to Aventine hill Administrative capability and military achievement |
|
|
Tarquinius Priscus
|
Adds members to the senate
Thus loyal to him Building projects funded through conquest Great sewer Circus Maximus |
|
|
Servius Tullius
|
Uses war ability to keep kingship
Prove worth through military excellence Constitutional reforms “Centuries” created based on wealth Census Temple of Diana on the Aventine Diplomatic |
|
|
Tarquinius Supoerbus
|
Ruled through fear
Never elected by people or ratified by Senate Anyone even suspected for treason= sentenced to death, property seized “unjust wars” Lots of building projects |
|
|
Magistrates
2 *consuls |
chief magistrates who convened and presided over the Senate and assemblies, initiated and administered legislation, served as generals in military campaigns, and represented Rome in foreign affairs. Consuls could appoint and/or serve as *dictator for up to 6 months in times of emergency when the constitution was suspended. When their term of office was completed, consuls usually governed a province as *proconsul.
|
|
|
Magistrates
8 *praetors |
served primarily as judges in law courts, but could convene the Senate and assemblies; they assumed administrative duties of consuls when these were absent from Rome. When their term of office was completed, praetors might govern a province as *propraetor.
|
|
|
Magistrates
2 censors |
elected every 5 years for terms of 1½ years; revised lists of senators and equestrians; conducted census of citizens and property assessments for tax purposes; granted state contracts.
|
|
|
Magistrates
4 aediles |
supervised public places, public games, and the grain supply in the city of Rome; 2 were required to be plebeians, and the other two (who had more status) could come from either order; the latter 2 were called curule aediles.
|
|
|
Magistrates
10 tribunes |
had to be plebeian, because the office was established to protect the plebeians from arbitrary actions of magistrates. Hence the primary power of tribunes was negative; they could veto the act of any magistrate and stop any official act of administration. They were by law sacrosanct, meaning that anyone who attacked them physically could be immediately and summarily killed; they could convene the Senate and assemblies and initiate legislation.
|
|
|
Magistrates
20 quaestors |
administered finances of state treasury and served in various capacities in the provinces; when elected quaestor, a man automatically became eligible for membership in the Senate, though censors had to appoint him to fill a vacancy
|
|
|
Senate
|
Traditionally composed of 600 (sometimes more/sometimes less) magistrates and ex-magistrates (minimum qualification was election as quaestor) who served for life unless expelled by the censors. Although technically an advisory body, in effect the Senate was the chief governmental body because it controlled public finances and foreign affairs, assigned military commands and provinces, and debated and passed decrees that would be submitted to the assemblies for final ratification. The Republican government was symbolized by the letters SPQR (senatus populusque Romanus), meaning “the Senate and the Roman people”
|
|
|
Assemblies
|
These were theoretically composed of all males who were full Roman citizens, though individuals had to attend in person in order to vote. Votes were counted in groups, not individually (the vote of each group was determined by the vote of the majority of individuals in that group).
|
|
|
Assembly of the Curiae
|
(comitia curiata): oldest assembly; by the late Republic had mostly ceremonial and clan functions.
|
|
|
Assembly of the Centuries
|
(comitia centuriata): elected consuls, praetors, censors; declared war; served as court of appeal for citizens sentenced to death. The 193 centuries were determined by wealth, and the richest centuries were also the smallest, so individual votes in these counted more heavily (when a majority of the 193 votes was reached, voting was stopped, so some of the largest centuries rarely got to cast votes).
|
|
|
Assembly of the Tribes
|
(comitia tributa): elected all other magistrates; voted yes or no on laws; the 35 tribes were originally determined geographically and then passed on by birth.
|
|
|
How does Livy depict monarchy and the kings of Rome?
|
good, bad, balanced, but overall the kings represent the good and bad characteristics of a leader.
|
|
|
What makes a good ruler?
|
military skills, civic skills, fighting just wars, expanding Rome, approval of the people, religious (three terms can’t spell but look up)
|
|
|
What role does war play?
|
can make or break king and defines what makes a good king/ruler
|
|
|
Cincinnatus-
|
Mr perfect roman. Senator, farmer, romans in danger of being overtaken. Decide he should be in charge but he isn’t in town, he is at farm so a group of romans go to his farm (fun fact Cincinnati is named after him and George Washington identified with him) they ask him to become dictator of Rome to bring army and defeat the other city state. He says yes, follows them to Rome, is named dictator (almost absolute power) takes army out, leads them, two weeks later enemy is defeated, saves Rome comes back, he has 5 and a half months left as dictator. Everyone loves him. He ends dictatorship and goes back to his farm.
|
|
|
Cincinnatus
|
the perfect Roman Hero
-Strong support of the Senate for his consulship -Once in office he spoke out against both the tribunes and the Senate -Successful in politics -Successful as military leader -Promotes concord -Does not seek re-election -Called to the dictatorship -Working his farm at the time -Successful in his duties -Gives up dictatorship before his term limit is up -Goes back to his farm |
|
|
Camillus
|
(part legend part real) - A second Romulus?
-Military success at Veii -Devoted to the gods -Hubris? -Triumph with 4 white horses - reserved for Jupiter -Believes Rome should not colonize Veii -Honorable actions convince enemy to make treaty -Indicted for mishandling the plunder -goes into exile -Gauls (French) sack and burn Rome -Camillus defeats Gauls - gets ransom back -Convinces Romans not to move to Veii |
|
|
Marcius Coriolanus
|
-”Coriolanus advocates using the occasion of a grain shortage to annul the rights given to the plebs” 125
this is though tot be to harsh, even by Senate and plebs were pissed and wanted him dead “Coriolanus is indicted, but he anticipates a verdict by going into exile among the Volsci, where, with the Volscian leader he begins to plan war against Rome” 126 |
