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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cuneiform |
"Wedge Shaped Writing" - Seen on clay tablets; Gilgamesh was written in |
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Mesopotamia |
Flood Plain Between the Rivers -Invaded Often |
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Uruk |
Legend Centre city of Mesopotamia |
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Mesopotamian Invasion by Sumerians |
2800-2500BC |
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Ur |
Neighbouring city to Uruk |
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Ziggurat |
Building at Ur, would have been part of a palace complex. Many lines pointing up to the sky, bringing mortals closer to god- A place of worship |
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Gilgamesh |
Hero, king of Uruk, associated with Wilderness, A tamer. 1/3 Mortal, 2/3 Divine Mother is Goddess Ninsun |
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Enkidu |
Wild hairy man. Gilgamesh's companion |
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Humbaba |
Monster/ Guardian of the cedar forest Clay mask looks like intestines |
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Ishtar |
Aphrodite of Mesopotamia All who lay with her suffer terrible fates Has a bull of heaven Kills Enkidu |
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Utnapishtim |
Only human to be made immortal (a Noah- survived the great flood) |
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Features of a Hero (12) |
(1) Divine Parentage & Human Parentage (2) Strange Birth (3) Threatened at birth (4) Early Display of Special Powers (5) Education in exile (often by supernatural beings) (6) Quest, often involving a seemingly impossible task (7) Slaying of a monster/powerful opponent (8) Divine Assistance (and opposition) (9) Return home, spiritually transformed (10) Unhappy Domestic arrangements (11) Strange Death (12) Undying fame through cult or song |
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Features of a Hero Overview |
Seperation, Initiation, Return |
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Hybris/Hubris |
Exaggerated Self Pride Demonstrated through excessive violence or harsh actions |
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Herakles (Parentage) |
Mother = Alkmene Father = Zues Mothers Husband = Amphitryon |
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Alkmene |
Zeus last Mortal lover. Was raped by Zeus disguised as her husband Amphitryon Amphitryon was at war avenging the deaths of her brothers after he accidentally killed her father. Later Amphitryon reappears and also has sex with Alkmene. Alkmene births twins- Herakles (Zeus) and Iphikles (Amphitryon) |
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Labour of Alkmene |
Delayed by vengeful Hera who had made a promise with Zeus that the baby born of the house of Perseus that night would be a king of Argo. Hera slowed the Birth of Herakles and sped the Birth of Eurystheus |
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Birth of Herakles |
Herakles is born through trickery of Hera resulting in the end of her labour. Hera is told Alkmene has already delivered a child and then Hera unties Alkmenes cloths and uncrosses her legs allowing her to give birth |
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Milky Way |
When Herakles nurses Hera he hurts her and she pushes him away. Milk sprays forth and forms the milky way. |
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Herakles and the Snakes |
Hera send Snakes into the rooms of Herakles (Zeus) and Iphikles (Amphitryon) Herakles strangles them. |
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Linus |
Herakles Music teachers, killed with a lyre. Herakles is subsequently sent away to Chiro |
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Chiron |
A wise Centaur different from the others in that he is civilized, can control his desires and is an intellectual. Tutors many heroes. Excellent Archer Raises Jason, Herakles, Achilles |
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Herakles |
Hwero, hated by Hera, son of Zeus, 12 Labours (supposed to be 10) Uses bow (tension between things) and club (weapon of savagery) |
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50 Daughters of Thespius |
Herakles sleeps with 49/50 of Thespius's daughters resulting in 49 offspring Series of tragic relationships Comedic |
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Megara |
First wife of Herakles, driven mad by Hera Herakles kills Megra and their children Oracle (also controlled by Hera) tells Herakles that to redeem himself he must serve his enemy Eurystheus. This results in 12 labours |
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12 Labours |
Done to atone for killing of Megara and 3 children (caused by Hera) Involve confrontations with death and taming of nature. Herakles completes labours, making the world safer and extends frontiers of world. |
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Kleos |
Glory, what one hears said about oneself Song and monuments after death Hera-kleos Glory caused by what Hera did to him |
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Nemean Lion |
First Labour of Herakles. Skin unpieracable by weapon, Herakles takes lions skin with its own claw. We can draw parallels to gilgamesh wearing his lions skin after losing enkidu Herakles gets this lion skin after losing his family |
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Hydra |
The snake raised to defeat Herakles- his second task Must cauterize each ear after it is cut off or the head will grow back dips arrows in poison and later in Hydras blood |
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Marsh of Lerna |
Hydra Home |
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Cerynitian Hind |
Must be captured. Faster than a shot arrow. Herakles third labour. This was chosen as Artemis punishes those who harm the hind- Herakles chases the hind for a long time. Uses satiety, tells artemis the truth |
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Erymanthian Boar |
Fourth Labour of Herakles Must travel into centaur territory to retrieve boar. Herakles uses posing arrows and slays the boar and in some legends wounds Chiron Paintings show Herakles giving the boar to a cowering Eurystheus |
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Stymphalian Birds |
Sixth Labour of Herakles Were creating a disturbance by pooping everywhere. feathers hardened like arrows Uses a slingshot Uses tiny symbols to lure them Links Herakles to Cybele's cult |
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Amazon Queen (Antiope... Hippolyte) |
Herakles Ninth Labour Must either seduce and amazon or kill her (strip her of established identity or take it away entirely) by getting her belt. Amazons strip se;vest of female identity by cutting off breast to better accolade a sheild. Queen willing to just give heartless the belt, this angers Hera- she convinces the other amazons to attack Herakles, they do and Herakles kills the Queen to escape. Also battled by Theseus |
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Geryon (cattle of) |
Herakles Tenth Labour. Must kill the 3 headed 6 armed giant "herdsman of the dead" and a dog. Heartless does this and sets up pillars |
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Capture of Cerberus |
Herakles Twelfth Labour Herakles is initiated into the Eleusinian Mysteries to learn how to traverse Hades. Brings bull to Eurystheus who in response hides in his pot. Herakles returns dog.
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Omphale |
After murder of a rival Herakles must atone again, this this to a foreign queen (a woman-shameful) Many comical stories about the year Herakles and Omphale spent together. She is often seen donning Herakles tiger skin and club |
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Nessus |
Centaur which tries to rape Deianeria Killed by Herakles Blood mixed with blood of Hydra kills Herakles (Wife trying to domesticate) |
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Deianeira |
Man Destroyer" Second Wife of Herakles "kills" herakles In Sophlecles is a good wife and unknowing kills him via Nessus's blood
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Hebe |
(Youth) Heras Daughter, Herakles final wife on Mount Olympus after reconcile with Hera and separation of diving/ mortal selves into Hades and onto olympus |
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Apotheosis |
Elevation to ficine status; refers to the burning of Herakles and sent to mount olympus Athena delivers him to olympus Victorious crown aften pictured |
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Danae |
Perseus's Mother Trapped in tower by father to avoid oracle of son who will kill him |
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Graiae |
Old hags, grey from birth, one eye and one tooth to share among them |
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Pegasus |
Springs from Medusas head when Perseus cuts it off. Sometimes product of union between Pegasus and Medusa |
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Andromeda |
Princess of Ethiopia Found by Perseus chained to a rock Originally betrothed to Phineus, however is given to Perseus in return for slaying of the sea monster plaguing the ethiopians Has son Perses with Perseus |
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Perses |
Son of Perseus and Andromeda |
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Acrisius |
Father of Danae, imprisons her Killed by Perseus as per oracle (stray discus) |
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Bellerophan |
Famous rider of Pegasus Fought the amazons Not content to return divine weapons to the gods ... provokes gods hostility |
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Chimera |
Part-goat, Part-Lion, Part-Serpent... fire breathing |
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Cerebus |
Three headed hound of the underworld |
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Hylas |
Young male friend of Herakles (erotic relations) Abducted by a water nymph who falls in love with him |
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Hieros Gamos |
Sacred marriage between hero and goddess |
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Theseus Parentage |
Mother= Aethra FatherS= Aegeus (king of athens) AND Poseidon |
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Threats to Theseus |
Robber with a Club Robber with Trees Robber with a Sea Turtle Robber who Wrestles |
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Minotaur |
Hybrid offspring of Pasiphae (Minos wife) and the Cretan Bull Athenians forces to send a 7 Men 7 Women tribute to the minotaur every 9 years Killed by Theseus with use of Ariadne's Metis |
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Pasiphae |
Minos Wife Dresses as a cow and has sex with the Cetacean bull producing the minotaur |
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Ariadne |
Minos's Daughter Gets help from Daedelus to help Thesus (whom she loves) escape the labyrinth to kill the minotaur Betrays her household, is left on a shore by Thesus Fate is : Suicide or dionysus or killed by Artemis |
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Daedalus |
Makes stuff. Makes Labyrinth, cow sex costume, tells Ariadne how to escape labyrinth |
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labrys |
Double-headed Axe |
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Hippolytus |
Son of Theseus and Amazon Queen Hippolyte Given by Theseus to his wife Phaedra when he leaves on adventure Devoted to Aretmis and thus a virgin- refuses to lay with a women, angers Aphrodite Dragged to his death by his own chariot horses, terrified by a bull sent from poseidon (because of Theseus because of Phaedra) |
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Phaedra |
Wife of Theseus, Sister of Ariadne Charged with care of hippolytus Desires Hippolytus and is rebuked- accuses him of rape and commits suicide |
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Theseus |
Hero Lots of adventures with robbers Minotaur slayer Leaver of Women on Beaches Amazon Conqueror Father of Hippolytus Indirect Murderer of Hippolytus Kidnaps Helen- brings wrath of Spartans Tries to kidnap Persephone Bound to a chair in underworld (by hades) Freed by Herakles Falls or is pushed of a cliff and dies |
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Pirithous |
Friend of Theseus Kings of Lapiths Kidnaps with him |
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Achilles |
A trouble maker, a spoiled brat. Insists on privilege |
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Iliad |
A text that speaks to us about anger Epic poem in 24 books Final weeks of the trojan war (year nine of the ten year war) Wrath, Withdrawal, and Return Fate - unavoidable even by Zeus Timé Nostos Supplication |
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Calchas (Kalkhas) |
theprophet (sacredto Apollo) for the Greek army |
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Ajax (Aias) |
strongdefensiveGreek warrior |
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Nestor |
elderly Greek warrior,great talker,remembers and represents the heroic past |
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Diomedes |
aGreek warrior Comparable with ajax Shines in the absence of achillies |
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Patroclus (Patroklos) |
Achilles’friendand companion Comparable to Enkidu |
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Phoenix (Phoinix) |
Anolder memberof Achilles’ household Father figure to achillies Book 9 |
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Hector (Hektor) |
Trojanprince,leader, andwarrior |
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Chryseis (Khryseis) |
Daughterof Khryses,priest of Apollo.Capturedbythe Greeks in a raid on Khryse. |
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Briseis |
captivebelonging to Achilles |
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Hecuba (Hekabe) |
Trojanqueen,Priam’s wife |
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Andromache |
Hector’swife |
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Thetis |
divine mother of Achilles |
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Greeks alternate names |
Achaeans (Akhaians) Danaans Argives |
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Trojans andTroy alternate name |
Darwinians Ilium(Ilion) Pergamum |
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timé |
Honour- recognition of a heroes worth division of the spoils of war people are responsible for distributing this |
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Nostos |
Return Home |
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Supplication |
ritualized request the action of asking or begging for something earnestly or humbly. |
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White Bands on Staff |
Represent apollo (on the staff of Khryses) |
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Aristeia |
Best examples of heroic abilities |
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Jason and the Golden Fleece |
This shopaholic gets his squad (Argonauts) into formation to get that a golden sweater guarded by a dragon-snake-monster-thing on an island guarded by a massive a hole who reneges on promises. He tames a fire bull and sows across of dragons teeth while on his main betches drugs. Uses his main betch Medea to kill everything in sight. That betch is savage and will do it cause f**king aphrodite makes her want that one handled hunk of a man. She drugs a dragon, Jason gets the sweater, they're being chased, she KILLS HER BROTHER DISMEMBERS HIM AND THROWS HIM IN THE OCEAN AS A DIVERSION. Yeah. |
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Jasons return Home |
Evil uncle Pelias has killed his dad and his mom has committed suicide. So Medea convinces Pelias's daughters to kill him, cut him up and boil the pieces. Which they do. Naturally. And then Jason and Medea are kicked out- because shockingly(?) the people of Iolcos aren't cool with how Jason handled that one. He settles down with Medea and has Two Kids |
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Jason and Medea's Marriage |
Is fine until Jason decides to run off with the Princess of Corinth and take the kids Medea poisons the Princess, Poisons the king and KILLS HER OWN CHILDREN. Then she rides off in a dragon powered chariot to Athens, curing infidelity in exchange for asylum (resulting in theseus's birth). |
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Jason's Death |
Now that he's super lonely he sadly sits beside his ship and a plank hits him on the head and he dies. And no one cares and he isn't elevated to divinity or cult status. He just dies. |
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Jason |
A basic bitch with a psycho squad Father: Aeson Uncle: Pelias Grandfather is POSSIBLY a wind god Aeolus The worst of Heroes (He Britta'd heroes) |
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Argonauts |
Sailors on the Ship Argo (built with help of Athena) , commissioned to get the Golden Sweater |
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Jason and the Sandal |
Pelias usurps the throne from Jasons dad Aeson and so Jason is sent to be raised by the centaur Chiron Oracle warns Pelias that a man descended from his bro Aeson will wear only one sandal and kill him Jason heads back to Iolcos and loses a sandal helping disguised-as-old-lady Hera cross a river. Helios realizes this must be Aesons son and does the only thing he can to protect himself- SEND JASON.... SHOPPING!!! |
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Aeson |
Father of Jason, former king of Iolcos- usurped by brother Pelias |
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Pelias |
Uncle of Jason, Brother of Aeson- Usurps and later kills Sends Killed by daughters under influence of Medea |
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King Aeetes |
Land of Colchis. Terrible host, has the Golden Fleece. Father of Medea Reneges promises. |
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How do Medea and Jason escape Colchis? |
Medea dismembers her younger brother and throws him into the sea so that her father will have to stop and pick up the pieces |
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Founder of Democratic Assembly and Panathenaic Festival |
Theseus |
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Aeolus |
Wind god Jasons grandfather(?) |
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ARGO |
Swift |
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Absyrtus |
Medea's younger brother who she dismembers and throws into the ocean as a get away diversion. Normal sibling stuff. |
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Phaethon |
The shining hero Father: Helios Mother: Clymene |
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Chariot of the Sun |
Helios's chariot. Phaethon (his son) asks to drive it. He loses control and sets the world on fire, must be killed by Zeus to put out the fire. |
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Scar of the milky way |
Caused by Phaethon when he loses control of the Chariot of the Sun |
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Auriga |
The charioteer- Constellation of Phaethon |
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aidos |
Reverence, shame |
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Penelope |
Maintains fidelity long past when expected (20 years, 10 MIA). Perfect wife |
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Alcestis |
Bridal chamber of snakes. Sacrifices herself in husbands place when he falls ill and dies. Brought back by either persephone or herakles |
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Psyche |
Undergoes labours similar to herakles to regain husband Eros. Completes a descent into the underworld. Becomes immortal. |
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katabasis |
descent into the underworld |
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The "Good Mother" |
Danae- Mother of Perseus Io- Mother of Epaphus (line of Achilles) Europa- Mother of Minos and Cretan kings Often chosen by Gods |
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Nausicaa |
Both a helper maiden and a victorious heroine Helps odysessus when he washes ashore, shows strength, dignity, cleverness, and restraint |
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Ariadne |
Helper maiden, Helps Theseus and is abandoned and either becomes bride of dionysus or commits suicide. |
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Persephone |
Bride of Death
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Iphigenia |
Bride of Death- sacrifices herself as Agamemnon's daughter to artemis for the safe sailing of hella ships to troy |
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Antigone |
Dies for the sake of her brothers burial |
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Amazons |
Warriors who refuse male company andmotherhood Exist solely to be subdued by male heroes and warriors- killed or raped. |
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Circe |
Daughter of helios Sorceress Turns men into animals (Odysseus's men to pigs) Sings enchanting songs |
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Helen |
Bad wife, abandons menelaus for trojan Paris Starts a war |
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Clytemnestra |
Takes a lover, rules like a man LIKE A BETCH while her husband Agamemnon is gone. Doesn't gas about her kids, willing to kill them. When he comes back with slave/concubine Cassandra clytemnestra murders both of them. Just up and stabs them. She is killed by her son in turn (avenging of the father) Apollo supports this avenging |
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Agave |
In sick parody of Herakles and Artemis is a hunter virgin gets pregnant later on dionysus send her a fit of madness and she kills her son with her bare hands thinking its a lion
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Andra |
man hero husband |