Classics 210 Final

Front 1

Apollonius (3rd c BCE)

Back 1

Author during Hellenistic Period
Wrote Jason and the Golden Fleece

Front 2

Plautus (2nd c BCE)

Back 2

Author
Pot of Gold
prologue that lays out story
New comedy
-No chorus
-less crude
-stock characters

Front 3

Livy (1st c BCE)

Back 3

Author
Wrote history from the founding of rome until 9 BCE
Important model of Polybius (Greek writing about rise of romans)
Writes because of a moral decline (i.e. how people were good before and trace what went wrong.)
Romanites

Front 4

Lucretius (1st c BCE)

Back 4

Author of On the Nature of Things
Not sure if Roman or slave
Believed in Epicurism philosophy on the atomic theory.
Wrote in didactic poetry.

Front 5

Catullus (1st c BCE)

Back 5

Author of the complete poems
Nicknames his love Lesbia (claudia?)
Wrote poetry at parties
wrote 3 types of poetry
-polymetrics
-longer poems (mythological)
-Epigrams-political
Didn't get involved with politics
wrote only poetry (no prose)

Front 6

Virgil (1st c BCE)

Back 6

Author of The Aeneid
Makes everything sad/tragic
Similar to Homer
A lot of political themes

Front 7

Ovid (1st c BCE)

Back 7

Author of Metamorphoses
Things become their true selves
He was banished because he wrote about picking up women and men
Ovid portrays himself as a lot of the characters

Front 8

Seneca (1st c CE)

Back 8

Author of Phaedra
Literary drama..not a play
believed in stoicism (never mentions gods)

Front 9

Tacitus (2nd c CE)

Back 9

Author in Readings
Writes what comes after what Livy wrote
Writes in hope of new great emperor

Front 10

Jason

Back 10

Character
leader of the Argonauts and their quest for the Golden Fleece to get kingdom. He was the son of Aeson, the rightful king of Iolcos. He was married to the sorceress Medea.

Front 11

Argonauts

Back 11

Character
accompanied Jason to Colchis in his quest to find the Golden Fleece. Their name comes from their ship, the Argo, named after its builder, Argus. "Argonauts" literally means "Argo sailors".

Front 12

Hypsipyle

Back 12

Character
Leader of Lemnos
Gives her cloak to Jason

Front 13

Medea

Back 13

Character
Cupid made her fall in love with Jason
Medea's role began after Jason arrived from Iolcus to Colchis, to claim his inheritance and throne by retrieving the Golden Fleece. In the most complete surviving account, the Argonautica of Apollonius, Medea fell in love with him and promised to help him, but only on the condition that if he succeeded, he would take her with him and marry her. Jason agreed.
Jason later abandoned her

Front 14

Euclio

Back 14

Character in Pot of Gold
an old man with a marriageable daughter named Phaedria, begins the play with a prologue about how he allowed Euclio to discover a pot of gold buried in his house. Euclio is then shown almost maniacally guarding his gold from real and imagined threats. Unknown to Euclio, Phaedria is pregnant by a young man named Lyconides.
Lyconides slave steals pot of gold

Front 15

Megadorus

Back 15

Character Pot of Gold
Euclio is persuaded to marry his daughter to his rich neighbor, an elderly bachelor named Megadorus, who happens to be the uncle of Lyconides.

Front 16

Lyconides

Back 16

Character
Engaged to Phaedria
His slave steals pot of gold
in the end, he marries Phaedria and gets money as dowery

Front 17

Phaedria

Back 17

Character in Pot of Gold
Euclio's daughter
Engaged to Lycoconides
only one left who prays to household god (Lar)

Front 18

Lar/Lares

Back 18

Character in Pot of Gold
Household god
Gives authority
Says that he will make sure she gets wed because Phaedria is the only one who still honors him

Front 19

Rhea Silvia

Back 19

Character in Livy
was the mythical mother of the twins Romulus and Remus, who founded the city of Rome. Her story is told in the first book of Livy

Front 20

Romulus

Back 20

Character
Romulus and Remus are the twin brothers and central characters of Rome's foundation myth
Romulus wants to found the new city on the Palatine Hill; Remus prefers the Aventine Hill.They agree to determine the site through augury but when each claims the results in his own favor, they quarrel and Remus is killed. Romulus founds the new city, names it Rome, after himself

Front 21

Remus

Back 21

Character
Twin brother of Romulus
Gets killed by Romulus

Front 22

Sabine Women

Back 22

Character
The men wouldn't allow the romans to mate with the Sabine women so they kidnapped them and raped them until they bore children. Then they fell in love with the city so their husbands weren't mad.

Front 23

Lucretia

Back 23

Character
her rape by the Etruscan king's son and consequent suicide were the immediate cause of the revolution that overthrew the monarchy and established the Roman Republic.

Front 24

Tarquinius Superbus

Back 24

Character
was the legendary seventh and final King of Rome, reigning from 535 BC until the popular uprising in 509 BC that led to the establishment of the Roman Republic.

Front 25

Sextus Tarquinius

Back 25

Character
was the third and youngest son of the last king of Rome
his rape of Lucretia was the precipitating event in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the Roman Republic.

Front 26

Brutus

Back 26

Character in Livy
was the founder of the Roman Republic
helped over through the monarchy

Front 27

Scipio Africanus

Back 27

Character in Livy
was a general in the Second Punic War and statesman of the Roman Republic. He was best known for defeating Hannibal at the final battle of the Second Punic War at Zama

Front 28

Hannibal

Back 28

Character
was a Punic Carthaginian military commander, generally considered one of the greatest military commanders in history.
Fought the Second Punic War, when he marched an army, which included war elephants, from Iberia over the Pyrenees and the Alps into northern Italy

Front 29

Epicurus

Back 29

Character In Nature of Things
was an ancient Greek philosopher as well as the founder of the school of philosophy called Epicureanism
For Epicurus, the purpose of philosophy was to attain the happy, tranquil life, peace and freedom from fear, the absence of pain—and by living a self-sufficient life surrounded by friends.

Front 30

Lesbia

Back 30

Character in Catullus
Lesbia was the literary pseudonym of the great love of Roman poet Catullus
Catullus's Lesbia: Clodia

Front 31

Peleus

Back 31

Character in Catullus poem 64
Achilles dad

Front 32

Thetis

Back 32

Character in Catullus poem 64
Achilles mom

Front 33

Theseus

Back 33

Character Catullus 64
founder-king of Athens
Theseus makes use of varying accounts of the death of the Minotaur

Front 34

Ariadne

Back 34

Character in Catullus 64
daughter of Minos king of Crete
Ariadne fell in love with Theseus at first sight, and helped him by giving him a sword and a ball of thread, so that he could find his way out of the Minotaur's labyrinth.

Front 35

Aeneas

Back 35

Character in The Aeneid
When Troy was sacked by the Greeks, Aeneas, after being commanded by the gods to flee, gathered a group, collectively known as the Aeneads, who then traveled to Italy and became progenitors of Romans.

Front 36

Anchises

Back 36

Character in The Aeneid
Aeneas’s father, and a symbol of Aeneas’s Trojan heritage. Although Anchises dies during the journey from Troy to Italy, he continues in spirit to help his son fulfill fate’s decrees, especially by guiding Aeneas through the underworld and showing him what fate has in store for his descendants.

Front 37

Ascanius/Iulus

Back 37

Character in the Aeneid
Aeneas’s young son by his first wife, Creusa.
is most important as a symbol of Aeneas’s destiny—his future founding of the Roman race.

Front 38

Creusa

Back 38

Character in The Aeneid
Aeneas’s wife at Troy, and the mother of Ascanius. Creusa is lost and killed as her family attempts to flee the city, but tells Aeneas he will find a new wife at his new home.

Front 39

Venus

Back 39

Character in The Aeneid
The goddess of love and the mother of Aeneas.
She helps Aeneas wherever he is in trouble

Front 40

Juno

Back 40

Character in The Aeneid
The queen of the gods
She is also a patron of Carthage and knows that Aeneas’s Roman descendants are destined to destroy Carthage. She takes out her anger on Aeneas throughout the epic, and in her wrath acts as his primary divine antagonist.

Front 41

Jupiter

Back 41

Character in The Aeneid
The king of the gods
He directs the general progress of Aeneas’s destiny, ensuring that Aeneas is never permanently thrown off his course toward Italy.

Front 42

Dido

Back 42

Character in The Aeneid
the founder and first Queen of Carthage
Falls in love with Aeneas
When he leaves she kills herself

Front 43

Sibyl

Back 43

Character in The Aeneid
a prophetess. Aeneas asks her if she could take him to see his father, Anchises, in the Underworld.

Front 44

Latinus

Back 44

Character in The Aeneid
king of the Latins

Front 45

Amata

Back 45

Character in The Aeneid
Wife of Latinus (King of Latins)

Front 46

Lavinia

Back 46

Character in The Aeneid
Daughter of Latinus
Engaged to be married to Turnus

Front 47

Turnus

Back 47

Character in The Aeneid
Amata wished her daughter Lavinia to be betrothed to Turnus, king of the Rutuli, but Faunus and the gods insisted that he give her instead to Aeneas; Turnus consequently declared war on Aeneas and was killed two weeks into the conflict.

Front 48

Evander

Back 48

Character in The Aeneid
Arcadian king, Evander, who gladly offers aid against their common enemy and invites Aeneas to a feast.
Tells story of Hercules

Front 49

Pallas

Back 49

Character in The Aeneid
Son of Evander
Gets Killed

Front 50

Mezentius

Back 50

Character in The Aeneid
he aids Turnus in a war against Aeneas and the Trojans.
Gets killed by Aeneas

Front 51

Camilla

Back 51

Character in The Aeneid
The leader of the Volscians, a race of warrior maidens. Camilla is perhaps the only strong mortal female character in the epic.

Front 52

Octavian

Back 52

Character
after defeating antony & cleopatra renamed Augustus
This is the time period in which Virgil wrote The Aeneid

Front 53

Marcus Antonius

Back 53

Character
Fought with Cleopatra against Octavian
Octavian won

Front 54

Cleopatra

Back 54

Character
Fought with Marc Antony against Octavian
Octavian won

Front 55

Deucalion and Pyrrha

Back 55

Character in Metamorphoses
The last two humans left alive after the flood.
They praised the gods, and the gods restored faith in humanity

Front 56

Apollo

Back 56

Character Metamorphose
The god of the sun. Apollo is Jupiter’s son. A great archer, he is oftentimes hotheaded and lustful.

Front 57

Daphne

Back 57

Character Metamorphose
The daughter of Peneus. Daphne is transformed into a laurel tree as Apollo seeks to rape her.

Front 58

Io

Back 58

Character Metamorphose
The daughter of Inachus. Jupiter rapes Io and turns her into a bull. Later, she becomes Isis.

Front 59

Pan

Back 59

Character Metamorphose
is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, nature of mountain wilds, hunting and rustic music, and companion of the nymphs. He turns Syrinx into reeds for his pipes

Front 60

Syrinx

Back 60

Character Metamorphose
Gets turned into reeds for panpipes

Front 61

Phaethon

Back 61

Character Metamorphose
The son of Clymene and the Sun. Phaethon takes his father’s chariot and almost destroys the world.

Front 62

Orpheus

Back 62

Character Metamorphose
Orpheus travels to the underworld to ask Proserpina and Pluto to give back his wife, but he looks back and he doesn't get to bring her back.
Sings songs about love between gods and humans

Front 63

Eurydice

Back 63

Character Metamorphose
Orpheus wife
As Eurydice is walking through the grass, a viper bites her foot, killing her.
Orpheus tries to get her back

Front 64

Ganymede

Back 64

Character Metamorphose
Jupiter turned himself into an eagle, swooped down, and carried the lad back up the heavens. To this day, Orpheus says, Ganymede is Jupiter's personal bartender in heaven.

Front 65

Pygmalion

Back 65

Character Metamorphoses
Pygmalion was a sculptor who fell in love with a statue he had carved.

Front 66

Myrrha

Back 66

Character Metamorphoses
She was transformed into a myrrh tree after having had intercourse with her father and gave birth to Adonis as a tree.

Front 67

Adonis

Back 67

Character Metamorphoses
Son of Myrrha
Venus falls in love with him
He eventually dies by a boar

Front 68

Atalanta

Back 68

Character Metamorphoses
A huntress in the Calydonian boar hunt. Atalanta is known for her speed.

Front 69

Bacchus/Maenads

Back 69

Character Metamorphoses
The god of wine.

Front 70

Augustus

Back 70

Character
Leader while Ovid wrote Metamorphose

Front 71

Tiberius

Back 71

Character
Tiberius was one of Rome's greatest generals

Front 72

Nero

Back 72

Character
was Roman Emperor from 54 to 68, and the last in the Julio-Claudian dynasty.
Crazy

Front 73

Agrippina

Back 73

Character
was a Roman Empress and one of the more prominent women in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. She was a great-granddaughter of the Emperor Augustus, great-niece and adoptive granddaughter of the Emperor Tiberius,

Front 74

Seneca

Back 74

Character
Wrote Phaedra
philosopher and playwright, tutor and advisor of Nero
commits suicide

Front 75

Octavia

Back 75

Character
sister of the first Roman Emperor, Augustus

Front 76

Hippolytus

Back 76

Character in Phaedra
son of Theseus
Phaedra falls in love with him

Front 77

Theseus

Back 77

Character
Hippolytus' father
learns that Phaedra is in love with him
calls upon poseidon to kill him.

Front 78

Nurse

Back 78

Character in Phaedra
Cunning
talks differently to each character

Front 79

Phaedra

Back 79

Character
fell in love with Hippolytus
can't eat or sleep

Front 80

Pietas/Pius

Back 80

Theme in The Aeneid
Means devotion/faithful to country, family etc

Front 81

Women and Wealth

Back 81

Theme

Front 82

Moral Decline

Back 82

Theme of Livy
How people were good before and trace what went wrong.

Front 83

Suicide

Back 83

Theme for Stoicism
In politics, it was the only thing you could control and you were in charge of. Trend.

Front 84

Golden Age

Back 84

Theme in Metamorphose
Everything was perfect, the food gave itself to humans

Front 85

Boundaries

Back 85

Theme in The Aeneid
Aeneas making the boundaries for Rome.
Ovid says that making boundaries was a big mistake because it causes war

Front 86

Epicureanism

Back 86

Theme in Lurcretius: Nature of things
principles of the universe
-matter and void
-made up of atoms
-nothing comes from nothing

Front 87

creation?

Back 87

Theme
in metamorphose?

Front 88

love

Back 88

Theme
Anti-Love seen more than Pro-Love
Epicureanism didn't approve
or Stoicics

Front 89

invective

Back 89

Theme
Poetry written by Catullus that would be insulting

Front 90

grief/lament

Back 90

Theme
A lot of grieving in Metamorphose- because of it, they turn into plants or animals.

Front 91

Poetic Culture

Back 91

Theme
Mostly written at parties
political

Front 92

Underworld

Back 92

Theme
Aeneas visits the underworld to see father

Front 93

Romanitas

Back 93

Theme
Seneca
Qualities: good at war, politics, city building, pietas, more manly.

Front 94

Prophecy

Back 94

Theme
Fate seen in almost all texts.

Front 95

Epic "Hero"

Back 95

Theme
Similar to Greek Heroes
Except Jason

Front 96

Empire

Back 96

Theme
Constantly trying to building up their empire, even though it is corrupt.
Aeneas is trying to build an empire

Front 97

Imperial Family

Back 97

Theme
A lot of Rome was influenced by rich civilizations
Seneca born into this

Front 98

Stoicism

Back 98

Theme
Hellenistic philosophy
Destructive emotions (and actions) cause big errors in judgement
but a wise man will not suffer such emotions
maintain a will that is in accord with nature
participate in politics until you are no longer able to do so

Front 99

Gods

Back 99

Theme
In stoicism, never make an appearance
Aren't as directly used in roman literature

Front 100

Epic

Back 100

Genre
Invocation
Catalogue
Similies

Front 101

Lyric

Back 101

Genre
Poetry seen in catullus

Front 102

Tragedy

Back 102

Genre

Front 103

Philosophy

Back 103

Genre
Epicureanism
Stoicism

Front 104

History

Back 104

Genre

Front 105

Old Comedy

Back 105

Genre
Chorus
Crude Humor

Front 106

New Comedy

Back 106

Genre
No Chorus
Less Crude
More realistic
Predictable
Stock Characters

Front 107

Didactic

Back 107

Genre
Informational poetry
teaching
Lucretius Nature of Things

Front 108

Epyllion

Back 108

Genre
Mini Epic
Catullus poem 64