Classics 201 Final

Front 1

agonistic values

Back 1

Competitive values that permeated every aspect of Greek life through leisure (at the gymnasium and palaistra), education, the symposium, civic life, and religion. Greek civilization married religious worship to striving for victory and public recognition.

Front 2

anthropomorphism

Back 2

refers to the perception of a divine being or beings in human form, or the recognition of human qualities in these beings. Many mythologies are almost entirely concerned with anthropomorphic deities who express human characteristics such as jealousy, hatred, or love. The Greek gods, such as Zeus and Apollo, were often depicted in human form exhibiting both commendable and despicable human traits.

Front 3

agôgê

Back 3

Spartan education

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agôn

Back 4

competition, struggle, contest

Front 5

athlos

Back 5

heroic ordeal, competitive event, contest for a prize

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atimos / atimia

Back 6

dishonored, without civic rights/dishonor, loss of civic rights

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autarkeia

Back 7

self-sufficiency

Front 8

basileus

Back 8

Homeric versus Mycenaean chieftain or ‘king’ versus chief blacksmith

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chorêgos

Back 9

In Athens, a liturgist who defrayed the cost of the chorus

Front 10

daimôn

Back 10

divine being

Front 11

dêmos

Back 11

citizenry of the polis

Front 12

dikê

Back 12

justice

Front 13

eunomia

Back 13

good order, rule of law

Front 14

geras

Back 14

(of god or hero) portion

Front 15

gerousia

Back 15

Spartan council of elders

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homoioi

Back 16

the Spartan ‘equals’

Front 17

mousikê

Back 17

sung poetry + music + dancing = the sphere of the Muses

Front 18

nomos

Back 18

law, custom

Front 19

paideia

Back 19

education, upbringing

Front 20

palaistra

Back 20

wrestling school

Front 21

peplos

Back 21

women’s robe [esp. the one dedicated to Athena at the Greater Panathenaia]

Front 22

philia

Back 22

bond of reciprocity, friendship, affection

Front 23

philos (pl. philoi)

Back 23

one’s ‘dear and near’, someone to whom an individual is obligated by bonds of reciprocity

Front 24

philotimia

Back 24

‘love of honor’

Front 25

polis

Back 25

Greek city-state

Front 26

politeia

Back 26

‘constitution’, form of government

Front 27

politês (pl. politai)

Back 27

citizens of the polis

Front 28

stasis

Back 28

faction, factionalism, civil strife

Front 29

syssitia

Back 29

Spartan messes

Front 30

temenos

Back 30

sacred precinct

Front 31

tholos

Back 31

beehive tomb

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timê

Back 32

honor, a god’s sphere of influence

Front 33

Plato's Academy

Back 33

The Academy was a public gym at Athens, sacred to the hero Academus, which gave name to Plato’s school

The Academy featured an unbroken line of successors to Plato down to the 1st c. BC

Front 34

Acropolis

Back 34

First used to describe Mycenaean settlements and then later general urban settlements of moderate size

Front 35

Agonistic Values

Back 35

Competitive values that permeated every aspect of Greek life through leisure (at the gymnasium and palaistra), education, the symposium, civic life, and religion.

Greek civilization married religious worship to striving for victory and public recognition.

Front 36

Anthropomorphism

Back 36

The perception of a divine being or beings in human form, or the recognition of human qualities in these beings.

Front 37

Festival of the Apatouria

Back 37

???

Front 38

Archaic Period

Back 38

This period followed Dark Ages and saw advancements in political theory, rise of democracy, philosophy, theatre, poetry, and revitalization of written language

This period includes colonization and a shift from geometric art.

Front 39

archon

Back 39

Chief magistrate of a city-state or area

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aristocracy

Back 40

The elite

Front 41

assembly

Back 41

??

Front 42

Bronze Age

Back 42

Age of monarchs and stone and bronze. Lots of marauders.

Front 43

Chorus

Back 43

Chorus offered background and summary information to help the audience follow the performance, commented on main themes, and showed how an ideal audience might react to the drama as it was presented.

Served as initiation for young men.

Front 44

Chthonic Ritual
(Hint)

Back 44

Chthonic cults practiced ritual sacrifice. When the sacrifice was a living creature, the animal was placed in a bothros "pit" or megaron "sunken chamber". In some Greek chthonic cults, the animal was sacrificed on a raised bomos "altar". Offerings were usually burned whole or buried rather than being cooked and shared among the worshippers.

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Citadel, Mycenaean

Back 45

This was the hallmark of the Mycenaeans and it combined two elements: the Minoan ‘palace’ complex and the Hittite fortification

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citizenship

Back 46

This idea was based on obligations of citizens towards the community, rather than rights given to the citizens of the community

Front 47

City Dionysia

Back 47

This festival included:
–processions
–sacrifice in the theater
–libations
–a parade of war orphans
–performances of
• dithyrambs
• tragedies
• Comedies
–a final assembly to review the conduct of the festival

Front 48

Classical Education

Back 48

Education was private, voluntary, and costly. The upper-middle class and the elite could afford extensive training.

Often involved pederasty

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Classical Period

Back 49

....

Front 50

Colonization Movement

Back 50

In ancient times, maritime nations such as the city-states of Greece and Phoenicia often established colonies. These appear to have been more benign, emphasising the farming of uninhabited land. Resulted from "overpopulation".

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Council

Back 51

....

Front 52

Hellenism

Back 52

Cultural life of the Greek polis

Front 53

Hellenistic Period

Back 53

Period after Alexander the Great exported Greek culture and ideas

Front 54

Dark Age

Back 54

Between the collapse of the Minoan-Mycenaean world and the Aegean world enters a period characterized by: Contracted horizon, Reduced contacts, Smaller settlements, Subsistence economy. The world is reduced to an individual level. Writing disappears.

Front 55

Deme (versus phratry)

Back 55

In reforms of Cleisethnes, enrollment in citizen-lists of a deme became requirement for citizenship; before, citizenship based on membership in a phratry, or family group. The establishment of demoi as fundamental units of state weakened gene, or aristocratic family groups, that had dominated the phratries

Front 56

Demigod

Back 56

One whose parents included god and mortal

Front 57

Athenian Classical Education
3 parts

Back 57

Paidotribes taught gymnastics

Kitharistês (‘lyre player’) taught ‘music’

grammatistês (‘grammar teacher’) taught reading, writing, and arithmetic. After learning the alphabet, pupils would move on to basic literature

Front 58

Dialectic Method

Back 58

Uses conversational nature of dialogue and set in the context of an oral debate, it is primarily a tool to explore the hierarchy of forms

Front 59

Do ut des

Back 59

"I give so that you may give [in return]’
Can refer to other men or to Gods.

Front 60

Dorian Invasion

Back 60

A supposed invasion of Dorian-dialect speaking peoples who came from the north

Front 61

Dramatic trilogy

Back 61

Every year three authors were chosen to write three dramas, and one satyrplay each. Similarly, five authors were also chosen to write three comedies and a satyr play each.
Each tragedy tetralogy was then performed in 3 successive days, and on the last day the 5 comedies competed

Front 62

Ephors

Back 62

Official of ancient Sparta. There were five ephors elected annually, who swore each month to uphold the rule of the two kings, while the kings swore to uphold the law. The ephors presided over meetings of the Gerousia, the oligarchic council of elders.

Front 63

Epic

Back 63

Retelling in a continuous narrative the life and works of a heroic or mythological person or group of persons.

Front 64

Ethnos

Back 64

A population thinly scattered over large territory, without focal urban centers, united by shared customs and religion.
Government:
a periodical assembly at a given center
Religion:
Worshiped tribal deity at a common religious center.

Front 65

etiology / aetiology

Back 65

A mythical history used to explain

Front 66

genê

Back 66

A category of families claiming descent from a single male ancestor. Genos led by its most prominent family and played prominent part as a political group in Archaic Age. Influence lasted through Classical.

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Hellenization

Back 67

The forced or voluntary adoption and practice of a cultural ideal that embraced the best and greatest of Greek achievements

Front 68

helots

Back 68

The subjugated Messenian population who hated their Spartan over-lords, with whom they lived in a continual state of war, subjected to daily and periodical ritual humiliation.

Front 69

heroic ordeal

Back 69

Extraordinary sufferings required in order for an individual to qualify as a hero

Front 70

hoplites

Back 70

A citizen-militia of armed spearmen who assumed a phalanx formation (the troops were relatively easy to equip and maintain); they were primarily drawn from the middle class, who could afford the cost of the armaments.