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178 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Saga (definition)
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historical basis, with same use of archetypes and themes as in mythology and with universal themes also. "The deeds of the heroes"
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10 motifs of a hero and his quest
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1.extraordinary birth and childhood
2.initial opposition-surmounting challenges 3.Achievement instigated by enemy 4.one ally human or divine (animals) 5.impossible obstacles, labors or quest that must be completed 6.conflicts with divine human and monster. Symbols of physical spiritual sexual challenge 7.must observe taboos (dont look back) 8. death is the ultimate challenge-to the underworld and back 9.reward-wealth and a wife, rule 10.suffering into enlightenment, rebirth |
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Heroines 5 functions
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Royal or divine status, Extraordinary beauty, power, mother-who gets them into trouble (evil step mom)
1. leave home 2. secluded beside river mountain top for a long time 3.made pregnant by a god 4.suffers punishment, rejection bad 5. rescued and son is born |
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What else does a heroine do?
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she preforms great feats for love and when abandoned seeks revenge(medea-kills own childrem to get back at jason) or salvation
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Historical and geographical setting of greek saga
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cities and areas important in mycenaean or bronze age (c1600-1100) for important legends heroes and sagas
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Peloponnesus
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argos-Aeschylus:Oresteia,sparta
-Meneloas and Helen, mycenae-Agamemnon and clytemnestra three important cities. |
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Mainland
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Herakles-many cities-associated with a lot of cities
Theseus-king of Athens (attica)-larger county where athens is located fights against the alucynians, fights against the alucynians Oedipus-Thebes-Sophocles' Theban cycle-play that talk about oedipus & his family Jason, Perseus-Iolcus(Thessaly) |
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Troy and Asia Minor
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Iliad and odyssey
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Thebes
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In Boeotia, central Greece
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Founding of Thebes
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conflict of asia minor and greece.
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Io
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Phoenician who goes from argos to asia. Zeus's lover who Hera turns into a cow
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Medea
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From Asia Minor to Greece
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Helene
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from Argos to Troy
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Tyre Phoenician King Agenor (daughter) Europa
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Zeus(bull) carries her away to greece. Cadmus(Son) follows the bull (to save his sister) and founds the city Cadmia later know as Thebes. Cadmus must sacrifice a cow to athena and needs water to purify yourself and sacrifice, the spring he uses is quarded by a serpent (son of Ares) Cadmus kills. Athena tells him to plant the snakes teeth and fully armed soliders pop up and start killing each other. They are called Spartoi.
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Spartoi
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Sown men, 5 left after the others killed each other, Became the leading families in Sprata.
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Cadmus must serve Ares for 1 year for killing his son
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after a year Cadmus is given Harmoia for his wife (Ares and Aphrodite's bastard child) The have four daughters
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The four daughters of Cadmus and Harmonia
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Ino, Semele, Autonoe and Agave
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Cadmus and Harmonia
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introduce civilization and writing, they become snakes (they dont die) maybe even deified snakes
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The story of Cadmus and Harmonia Shows
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(Greek writing is based on Phoencian) Polar opposites that produce Harmony (ares and aphrodite) (Eastern and Western cultures) Religions of east and west are becoming one
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Cadmus
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first king of Thebes
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Pentheus
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King of Thebes he is destroyed by cousin Dionysus. Pentheus is suspicious of religion, tricked in religion, mother and aunt tear him apart, they are Baccants
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Laius
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4 generations after pentheus, driven into exile for kdinapping chrysippus, son of pelops, cursed, returns to thebes and marries Locatsta, remains Childless, consults oracle at delphi, Apollo says I will give you a son but you will die at his hand, zeus's choice.
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Oedipus
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profecy says he will kill his father, Laius leaves Oedipis exposed on Mt. Cithaeron, spiked ankles- swollen footed(Oudi-Pous), Servant feels bad and gives him to a shepherd
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Where Oedipus grows up
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King Polybus and Queen Merope of Corinth(adoptive parents). Oedipus grows up there, He is taunted as being illegitimate, consults Delpih "avoid your hometown you will kill your father and marry your mother), flees from delphi, towards thebes.
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Oedipus at the crossroad
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way is blocked by arrogant old man "I killed them all" Oedipus kills old man Servant escape and goes back to thebes Old man is his father
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Thebes is without a kind and cursed by hera
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Sphinx "strangler"-face of a women, body of a lion and wings of a bird, Riddle (muses) What has one name and is four footed, two footed and three footed. She eats those who cant solve it
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Creon Acting King of Thebes
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Brother of Locasta, offers Kingdom and Queen as a reward for getting ride of the Sphinx. Oedipus answer Man which is right, Sphinx commits suicide, Prophecy is fullfilled
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Sophocles Theban Cycle
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Oedipus Rex, Antigone, Oedipus Colonus
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Oedipus Rex
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Oedipus and Locasta-4 children Two girls-Antigone amd Ismene, and Two Boys Polynices and Eteocles
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Plague at Thebes
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Goes to Delphi, Miasmos (pollution) Laius' murderer goes unpunished among Thebes' citizens. Oedipus makes solving the murder his mission
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King Polybus (Corinth) dies
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Shepherd travels to Thebes and asks Oedipus to return and rule. Oedipus refuses and tells the prophecy from Apollo, Shepherd tells him he is not a child of Polybus and Merope. Oedipus sends for the servant who tells him the story of his exposure and that oedipus was adopted. Locasta leaves because she has a Revelation
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When oedipus learns the truthm he curses himself returns to the palace and finds locasta has hung herself, blinds himself with her pin
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Oedipus is banished by Creon Play Ends
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Sophocles Oedipuss at Colonus (athens)
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Antigone had joined Oedipus in his exile, Thebans want him to return dead or alive, because the burial place of Oedipus will have great prosperity (prophecy)
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Colonus
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holy grounds, sacred to the Eurnenides (formerly the furies) transformed into kind spirits to whom oedipus prays to for the end of his life
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Creon appears with Theban soliders
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prepared to take him (or his body) back to Thebes
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Theseus
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protects Oedipus and his daughters
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Polynices appears with 6 heroes as he prepares to wage war on Thebes (Seven against Thebes
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To take back it from his brother's rule
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Great voice calls Oedipus
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Zeus of the Sky or Chthonian Zeus (god of the underworld) Oedipus connection with earth.
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Apotheosis
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Oedipus becomes a hero worshiped in colonus almost as a god himself.
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Aeschylus's Seven against Thebes
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2 brothers Eteocles and Polynices One rules and one goes into Exile. Eteocles rules first but polynices brings 6 heroes to fight against his brother, both sons are killed
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Creon has brought Antigone and Ismene back to Thebes
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Creon refuses to bury Polynices because he died in Rebellion fighting against his own city. His soul will never be at rest. Creon proclaims a death sentence for anyone who disobeys
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Antigone Choice
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3 handfuls of dust, Obey the will of the gods or of men? Follow her heart or Law? Is honor and obedience to her family or community?
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Antigone is caught in the act
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by creon's guards and brought before him, he has her buried alive in a cave.
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Croen's Son
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Haemon (Antigone's love) argues against hims and as does the great prophet/seer Tiresias. Finally but too late, Croen repents but Antigone hung herself. Creon's wife kills herself. Theban Saga Ends
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Play ends (first play)
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Tragedy as result of relationship between gods and men, especially gods' control of humans. "Apollo it was, Apollo who brought to fruition these my evil sufferings"
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Mycenae, Mycenaean
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King Agamemnon Trojan War
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Tantalus
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At a Banquet for the gods, No division between gods and men mean that it was during the golden age. To test their omniscience, chops and serves his son Pelops to the gods. Gods are outraged because Tantalus is testing them
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Cannibalism
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shown in Tantalus, Lycaeon and Thyestes. All connected with the mycenaean area sacred ritual of prehistory crete sacrificed humans
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Lycaeon
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Invited people to stay at his inn and then killed them and stole their stuff he was turned into the first werewolf
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Pelops
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becomes important hero cult at Olympia (zeus-revived by the gods. Receive sacrifice together: black ram- deadly connection with hades
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Pelop-on-nesus
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Pelops's island, Pelops who brings a curse upon family-competes in a chariot race to win hippodameia with Oenormaus (Hippodameia's Dad)
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13 failed suitors for Hippodameia
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the suitors get a short head start but they must carry Hippodameia with (her extra weight will slow them down) After the suitors lose the race Oenomaus decorates his palace with their heads
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1st version of Pelops' victory
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he prays to his lover poseidon, who gives him a golden chariot and winged horses as a favor
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2nd version of pelops's victory
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bribes Oenomaus's charioteer, Myrtilus (son of Hermes) to replace the linchpins (holds the wheels on) with wax, so the faster the chariot goes the more friction which melts the wax and the wheels fall off.
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Oenomaus's death
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Pelops, Myrtilus and Hippodameia all leave, Myrtilus attempts to rape Hippodameia apparently the money he was giving was not enough. Pelops throws him over a cliff
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Myrtilius's death curse
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As he falls he curses Pelops and his heirs calls on his dad Hermes to curse him
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Curse on the house of Atreus
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2 murderers generational
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Pelops and Hippodameia
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made it safely back to mycenae had two twin sons Atreus ad Thyestes Who will eventually fight for power over mycenae
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Delphi Oracle promises Mycenae to...
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A son of Pelops who has the golden ram. Pan gives the golden Ram to Atreus, but Thyestes seduces Atreus's wife and she gives him the ram and then he is declared king. Thyestes banishes Arteus. Adultery is a theme of the family
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Arteus gathers army and returns to claim the throne
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Defeats brother and sends him into exile. Arteus pretends to forget what his brother did and invites him back for a banquet.
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At the Banquet of Atreus
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He kills Thyestes' sons and serves them to Thyestes, After he has eaten Atreus shows him their heads and hands. Thyestes curses the House of Atreus forever (2nd Curse)
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After eating his sons
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Thyestes goes into exile and goes crazy
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Generational Curse
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which was started by Tantalus. Pelops-Atreus-Agamemnon-Orestes
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Son of Atreus
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Agamemnon
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Son of Thyestes
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Aegisthus, had Aegisthus with his own daughter
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Children of agamemnon and clytemnestra
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Orestes and Electra and Iphigenia
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Aeschylus's Trilogy The Oresteia
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(agamemnon, Libation bearers, kindly ones. follows curse through the last two generations, after Atreus has murdered and cooked the children of his brother
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Thyestes in exile
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fathers another son Aegistus with his daughter
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Agamemnon succeeds his father
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rules Mycenae and marries clytemnestra (helen's sister)
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As the trojan war begins
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sins against the children continue
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Aulis:winds die, the men are hungry and on the edge of revolt
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Agamemnon leads a hunting expedition kills sacred dear of artemis
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The prophet Calchas
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speaks for artemis, artemis demands a sacrifice in return. she wants agamemnon's oldest daughter
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Agamemnon tricks his daughter and wife to come to the island
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by telling them that he has arranged for Iphigenia to marry Achilles.
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While Agamemnon fights at Troy to "Save" helen
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Clytemnestra remains at home and in her hatred for Agamemnon takes Aegisthus as her lover (he has come back to Mycenae to take vengence for his brothers's death
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The first play of Aeschylus's Oresteia
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opens 10 years after the sacrifice of Iphigenia, just after the defeat of Troy.
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Agamemnon Returns to Mycenae
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with Cassandra (Concubine,Sex slave) she is the curse prophet of Apollo who can see the future but cant convince anyone of it. Agamemnon killed all of Cassandra's family
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Clytemnestra
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claims the justice of natural law, bloodright, lex talonis. you killed my daughter, I am going to kill you and cassandra. Clytemnestra is championed by the furies
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The furies
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goddesses of the earth/underworld who protect blood ties and avenge blood guilt homicide.
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Clytemnestra and Aegisthus
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kill Agamemnon and cassandra as he goes to bath
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Clytemnestra and Aegisthus
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rule mycenae, Orestes is exiled Proper heir to thrown. Electra is abandoned
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2nd play of Aeschylus's The Orestia
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Libation Bearers Orestes and his sister Electra. Orestes is order by Apollo to return and murder his mother to avenge his father's murder. Orestes and Electra kill Clytemnestra and Aegisthus. The furies pursue Orestes (avenge blood tie and clytemnestra). They chase him with whips, drive him mad, flees from the furies. He committed Matricide. He goes to Delphi for sanctuary and Apollo's help.
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3rd play of Aeschylus's The Orestia
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Eurnenides (kindly ones) Apollo saves Orestes by lulling the furies to sleep, Oretes escapes to Athens and asks Athena for Help
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Athena ivents 1st law court
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Aeropagus, hill of ares, area for homicide court.
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Defense
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Apollo argues for Orestes, Agamemnon- the mother means nothing the ties is to the father
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Prosecutor
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Furiesm blood revenge for clytemnestra who was avenging the blood tie for Iphigenia.
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The Jury was split
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Athena has the deciding vote, cotes to acquit Orestes The male is more important
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The Furies are not happy with the outcome
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The threaten civil war in Athens, if they are not satisfied at this trial. Persuaded by Athena to become Honored Gods of the city share in her worship and gifts adopted by the Athenians. The furies become the Kindly ones- Patron godesses of Athens, bring Prosperity and peace to Athens and Ends the curse.
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Troy
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Asia minor, cities of the peloponnesus. Leda and the Swan (Zeus) 2 eggs, 2 sets of twins, 2 girls 2 boys, 1 mortal and 1 god in each set.
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Dioscuri
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The boy twins of Leda and Zeus (the swan), Polydeuces (Divine) and Castor (Mortal Hero)
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The Girl Twins of Zeus and Leda
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Helen (semi-divine)- Menelaos (Sparta) and Clytemnestra (mortal)-Agamemnon's wife (Mycenae)
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Helen
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Most beautiful women in the world, suitor's oath
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Suitor's oath
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everyone was competing to win her hand in marriage (heroes were killing each other) Father says he will chose the suitor for her to marry and if something happens they all have to come together to save her.
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King Priam and Queen Hecuba
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Asia Minor, Troy They have many children together
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Hecuba's dream
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firebrand destroys troy, nightmare keeps occuring nightly, her child sets fire to Troy
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Paris
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Simple shepherd, he was exposed because of the dreams, (didnt work) Hermes comes and gets
Paris to judge who is the fairest of the Olympian goddesses |
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The judgment takes place at
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Wedding of Peleus and Thetis-will bear a son greater than it's father- and possible destroy the cosmos
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Eris
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Discord is not invited to the wedding, if she comes fighting will break out. She is insulted about not being invited so she throws a golden apple with to the fair Olympian goddess written on it. Hera, Athena and Aphrodite fight over it. Zeus sends hermes to get paris to judge the fairest
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Hera
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offers Paris Royal power in the east all of the cities in Asia minor
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Athena
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offers Paris victory in War
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Aphrodite
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offers Paris the most beautiful woman in the world (helen)
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Paris
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is amitted back into family and then goes to sparta as the guest of menelaos and kidnaps or seduces Helen, takes her to Troy.
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Menelaos reminds suitors of their oath
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Trojan war begins. in Asia minor, armies are from all over greece. Helen's suitors were the greatest of the day lasted 10 years.
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Paris
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Trojan side, Son of Priam and Hecuba, pretty boy prince
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Hector
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Trojan's side. Brother of Paris, Wife-Andromache, Son-Astyanax. Favorite son and greatest warrior on the trojan's side.
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Cassandra
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Hector and Paris's sister, cursed priestess of Apollo withdraws her favors to Apollo, given the gift of prophecy but no one will believe her
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Polyxena
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Cassandra's sister
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Aeneas
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Son of Aphrodite (Virgil's Aeneid) semi divine
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Trojan's allies
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Lycians-strong wealthy and powerful, Amazons-live in the east
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Gods that are on the Trojan's side
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Apollo, Poseidon and Aphrodite (to protect her son Aeneas)
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Greek is the Roman word for what?
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Acheans
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Who is the leader of the greek army?
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Agamemnon
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Odysseus
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King of Ithaka-poor rocky island of Greece. Slightly older and very cunning. Athena's favorite Hero. he is more skill in the ability to plan a battle rather than brute force. He feels this war has nothing to do with him
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Odysseus attempts to escape the war
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by feigning madness, Pulls plow himself instead of using an Ox. Agamemnon sees through this and throws Odysseus's one week old baby in front of the plow. He stops the plow to save his son.
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Ajax Greater
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Telamonian, Son of Helenos. 2nd greatest warrior after Achilles. He is the size of city towers. Rival to Odysseus (games, and the armor of Achilles after his death). Brute Force. Odysseus wins a foot race against Ajax, because he manovers him to slip on dung and lose the race.
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Achilles
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Son of Peleus and Thetis. Greatest warrior at Troy and the youngest. The older warriors discount him because he is so young.Vulnerablity Achilles' Heel. Achilles desired recognition from the older kings.
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the 2 fates that Achilles' mom Thetis tells him. She is a sea nymph
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He will have an unhappy ending. So when he was a baby she tried to deify him by bathing him in the river Styx.If he goes home, he will marry, have children, be wealthy but no one will remember him or he can remain at Troy where he will be remembered but he will die there.
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Thetis trying to keep Achilles fro war. Doll or Sword
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Thetis hides Achilles in an all girls school and dresses him in girls clothing. Agamemnon offers the "girl" a doll or sword and Achilles choses the sword. Disguise is shattered. He goes to Troy
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Patrokles
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Achilles' friend and Lover. Death makes Achilles go crazy and meet his doom
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Homer's Iliad
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9th year of war. wrath of Achilles, he is mad at agamemnon because he dishonored him by taking his concubine away from him. also angry about Iphagenia.
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Event at Aulis
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Winds die down, so the men go hunting, kill sacred deer of Artemis. She want sacrifice of Agamemnon's oldest daughter Iphagenia. Gets wife and daughter to come to the island to be sacrificed by telling Iphagenia that she would be marrying Achilles. Achilles is anger because he was not consulted about this plan and he tries to save her. Other heroes make fun of him because he is more interested in a woman than war.
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Plague for the greeks
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Agamemnon refuses to return apollo's priest's daughter. Apollo (farshooter) sits on a mountain and sends down deathly arrows (plagues and death). Quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon, Agamemnon eventually give back the priest's daughter but he takes Achilles' concubine.
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After quarrel of Achilles and Agamemnon
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Achilles withdrawls from battle and the Trojans begin to win. Pray to mom to help the Trojans win.
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Hector
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victory in sight, returns to Troy. Andromache doesn't want Hector to return to battle. afraid she will become a concubine and their son Astyanax will be killed. Old women will become maids.
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Embassy of Heroes
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beg Achilles to return to battle. Agamemnon apologizes publicly. Achilles still refuses. Patrokles fights and wears Achilles Armor (to instill fear in the Trojans). Tells Patrokles that he must stay on the sea wall because the actually battle field is too dangerous
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Hector and Apollo kill Patrokles
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fight over the armor of Achilles.
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Madness of Achilles
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learns what has happened to his friend, stops being human and becomes completely divine (not good) becomes more brutal and more mean. He asks Thetis for new armor. Hephaistos forges the new armor. Thetis warns him that soon after he kills Hector, Achilles will die too.
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The world also goes mad with Achilles
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all order is gone. talking horsesm river taking human form, Athena's trick, Hector's death and disfigurement.
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River taking Human form
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outraged by all of the blood and body parts, pursues Achilles to stop the madness, The river is burned back into submission.
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Athenas trick to get Hector to fight Achilles
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hears brother's voice "I will fight with you" Brother vanishes into think air, Athena has lured him to his death. He trues to run.
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Talking horses
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they blame the horses for losing the war. Bad horses. They reply. "not our fault, it's yours"
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Hectors death adn disfigurement
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Let my wife and my mother have my body back, Achilles laughs in Hectors face, He wishes he could eat his heart himself. Defaces Hectors body. Stakes in the ankles. Drages body around in the dirt by the chariot.
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Priam and Hermers
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Priam sneaks into Greek camp to talk to Achilles. to beg achilles for his sons body. They cry together. For Achilles with grief he returns to Humanity
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Cant't say goodbye to Patrokles
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so he doesn't burn him. Patrokles comes back and begs Achilles to burn his body.
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Homer's Odyssey
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Achilles death is in Homer's Odyssey. also tells of the fall of or sack of Troy and the fates of various Heroes.
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Achilles and Penthesilea
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Greatest amazon warrior. They meet in hand to hand combat. about to kill each other look into each others eyes and fall in love. Achilles still kills her because he could not stop his weapon in time.
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Achilleds is killed by
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Paris with Apollo guidance of his arrow
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Odysseus and Ajax compete for Achilles' armor
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Ajax kills himself when Odysseus is voted to get the armor.
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Wooden Horse
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Odysseus's idea. Cassandra warned the city but no one would listen to her, LAocoon also tried to warn the people but poseidon murdered him and his two sons with his sea monster.
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The sacking of Troy
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Priam was killed at an altar (in Sanctuary) Cassandra is raped at the altar of Athena by the lesser Ajax and then taken to Mycenae by Agamemnon. Polyxena was sacrificed at Achilles' tomb human sacrifice, cut her throat and left her there to die. Aeneas escapes. Hecuba is sold into slavery, Andromache becomes a concubine of the highest ranking soliders and their child Astyanax is killed by smashing him against the wall.
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Nostoi means Returns
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lost saga or epic by Proclus that recounts the returns or the adventures and deaths of the Greek Heroes after the Fall of Troy. Exist only in the brief summary, most of our information comes from Homer's Odyssey.
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Agamemnon
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Aeschylus' Oresteia, he was killed by his wife Clytemnestra.
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Menelaos and Helen
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spends many years in Egypt, later returns to Sparta. Poppy drink for Menelaos prepared by Helen, when he gets angry over what happened she makes the drink for him and he calms down. Helen sweet talks her way back into good graces with Menelaos.
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Achaean Fleet
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destroyed by athena to punish Ajax the lesser who boasted about the rape of Cassandra at Athena's Altar. Athena punishes most of the greek soliders too.
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Poseidon
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is still really anger with Odysseus
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Odyssey like the Iliad
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opens in mid adventure and has numerous flash backs
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Odyssey Books 1-4 Telemacheia
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The situation at Ithaca. Telemachus, Penelope and the suitors
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Odyssey Book 5
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Seven years spent with Calypso. Hermes arrives at Zeus's order to tell Odysseus to move on, helps build a raft and continues. Raft is shipwrecked by poseidon lands on the island of Phaeacia. He is found by Nausicaa the princess. Odyssues tells adventures to his host (homer's audience) with their help he returns to Ithaca fights suitors and is reunited with penelope and Telemachus.
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Odysseus' 20 year absense
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10 years at war, 10 years trying to return home. Athena is his protector and Poseidon is his enemy.
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Odysseus and his men
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land on Cicones (thrace), they sack the city and kill the people, but they spare Maron and for sparing his life they give them the gift of red wine.
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Lotus Eaters
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Goes into a trance. The men lose all sense of time and space. Odysseus gets all of them men sobered up and they leave again.
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Cyclops
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one eyed giants herds men Polyphemus son of Poseidon. The men help themselves to the sheep, lamb and cheese, Polyphemus comes back to his cave and locks them in and eats 2 men for breakfast, afternoon snack and dinner. They use Maron's wine and get Polyphemus drunk and sharpened a stick and heated it in the fire and then blinded him. Polyphemus screams for his brothers to come help. "Nobody has hurt me"
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Sheep trick
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Polyphemus decides that he must let his sheep out in the morning and odysseus ties his men under the sheep and Polyphemus feels the sheep wool as they go out but not the men. Odysseus tells him his real name once they are back on the ship and Polyphemus throws a mountain top nearly wrecks the ship. Polyphemus asks his dad to let Odysseus arrive home after many years, in distress, without companions, on another's ship and may he find trouble at home.
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floating island of Aelous
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Aelous. god, keeper of the winds, gives gift and warning. The men think the bag is full of riches and they open the bad and are blown back to Aelous, who refuses further help (they must really be hated by the gods)
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Laestrygonians
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sinks all of the ships except Odysseus' kills and eats most of the crew. 1 ship and 12 or 14 mates left.
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Circe
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witch, daughter of the sun god Helios. Odysseus divides men into two groups 1 finds palace of circe surrounded by animals, food, drink they eat the food and become swine.
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Eurylochus
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escapes and tells odysseus about the pigs. hermes comes and brings magic herb charm, so he can eat and not change. and tells him he must threaten Circe with his sword and his penis (other sword). It works and she turns all of the men back into men and charms odysseus who stays with her for a year. Has baby. Circe tells Odysseus to go to the underworld and consult Tiresias the most famous prophect of the ancient world.
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TelegonusTelegonus
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(Born-afar) Circe and Odysseus' son.
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Book 11 Nekuia
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The three offerings: description of the dead.Tiresias' prophecy learns of next adventure, suitors and Penelope, kill them all and have more travels before he dies. He also see Ajax, Achilles, Anticlea (mother) commited sucide could not wait any longer for her son to return. Circe also tells him of dangers ahead. Sirens and Planctae and Charybdis and Scylla
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Sirens
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homer-human others-bird like, lures sailors to their death with their songs, imitate wives voices or voices of great beauty. puts wax in crews ears and has them tie him to the mast.
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Choice between the dangerous places
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Planctae or charybdis and Scylla
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Plactae
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2 wandering/ clashing rocks
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Charybdis and Scylla
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2 monstrous cliffs. Lower cliff-the whirlpool-Charybdis, certain destruction. Higher Scylla-sea monster, 6 dog like heads, 12 claw like hands, snatches sailors and eats them 6 men eaten.
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Helios' sacred cattle
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they can take water but not the cattle, the men were hungry so they took the cattle. Helios complains to Zeus and he raises a storm and destroys sole remaining boat with thunderbolt. All except Odysseus drown.
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Island of Calypso
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stays there Seven years. Daughter of Atlas. Offers Odysseus immortality, he says no, he is a man not a god. Zeus brings order of the raft.
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Tells the PHaeacians his tory
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They love him and send him home with riches and puts him on Ithaca while he is sleeping, because they don't want a bunch of people to be able to find their island.
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Poseidon's anger with the Phaeacians
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turns ship and crew of the Phaeacians to stone. because they helped odysseus.
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In Ithaca
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Suitors want penelope and the kingdom of Ithaca
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Telemachus and Athena
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Athena is disquised as a wise old man to guide, help and Instruct him (mentor).
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Peneloped's trick
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Tells the men that she is a loyal wife and must weave the shroud for her husband but when she is done she will pick her next husband. She weaves the Shroud by day and unpicks it at night.
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Odysseus desguised as a beggar
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returns to Ithaca, he is recognized by Swineherd Eurnaeus (keeper of the pigs), Telemachus (with Athena's help) and Euryclea, his old nurse by a wound on his leg and Argus his ancient Dog. (who dies when he sees his master)
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Penelope reveals the plan for the next day
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The suitors discovered the trick through the maid. Odysseus is still disquised, he is now inside and is insulted by the suitors. He sees penelope and talks of odysseus tells her he is still alive. Penelope says she will marry the suitor who can string Odysseus's bow and shoot 12 axeheads. None of the suitors can string the bow, old beggar asks for a chance, (tells them they can have a good laugh at him) He strings bow and shoots through the axheads and begins shooting the suitors. His helpers hid all other arms. Lets Herald and Bard live because they are Poets.
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The serving women who betrayed Penelope
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made them clean up the hall and remove all of the dead bodies and then he hung them.
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Penelope refuses to believe it is odysseus
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Telemachus reproaches her and she replies we have signs our own. Tells Euryclea to move their bed outside their chamber and The man can sleep there. The bed of living olive tree. Odysseus is furious, tells how he made the bed of living olive and built marriage chambers around it and it is impossible to remove and he thinks she got another marriage bed. Penelope embraces him only Odysseus would have know that.
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Athena's final Gift
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keeps the sun from rising for a few days for them
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Hermes leads the sould of the dead suitors
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where they meet agamemnon, who declares Penelope best of all women, still mad at his wife for killing him.
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Osysseus finds his father
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Laertes became a farmer outside the city, conceals his identity again and learns that the suitor's relatives are coming and prepares for another fight with Telemachus and Laertes Athena stops the fight, Zeus sends thunderbolt to ratify her command and she makes peace between the relatives and Odysseus.
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resias' Prophecy
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carry an oar to the people who know nothing about the sea and sacrifice to Poseidon and will live happily ever after.
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Telegonus
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years after the sacrifice to Poseidon Telegonus sails to Ithaca to find Odysseus, while plundering the city, he comes across Odysseus and kills him without knowing who he is.
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