Classical Mythology Test1

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µúɵos

Back 1

pronounced mythos, Greek for myth

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Burkert

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4 theses: myths are tales with historical significance, doesn't matter if they're true

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Etiological

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gives reason for nature

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Müller

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"all myths are allegories for nature"

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Freud

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person who talked about dream symbols

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Jung

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person who said myth represents collective human unconscious

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Frazer

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Cambridge school, compares mythology across cultures and wrote "Golden Bough"

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Vladimir Propp

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found 31 motifs in Russian folktales

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Claude Lévi-Strauss

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person who said myths exist to bridge opposites

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Early Bronze Age years

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3000 BC to 2200 BC

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Middle Bronze Age years

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2200 BC to 1550 BC

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Late Bronze Age years

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1550 BC to 1100 BC

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Dark Age years

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1100 BC to 900 BC

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Year when first Greek speakers arrived

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2000 BC

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Cycladic

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name comes from "islands in a circle"

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Delphi

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Temple of Apollo, belonged to an oracle named Themis by Mt. Parnassus

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isthmus

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land bridge

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Peloponnesus

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land mass in south-west Greece

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Mycenae

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Agamemnon's home

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Pylos

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where Linear B tablets were found

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Minoan

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another word for Cretan

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Knossos

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King Minos' city on Crete

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Helladic

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of mainland Greece

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Nestor

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King of Pylos, helped attack Troy

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Herodotus

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source of Greek history

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Hesiod

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person who wrote "Theogony" and "Works of Days," our source for many Greek myths

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"Theogony"

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creation myth written by Hesiod

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Calliope

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Muse of epic poetry

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Clio

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Muse of history

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Polyhymnia

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Muse of mime

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Terpischore

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Muse of dance

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Melpomone

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Muse of tragedy

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Thalia

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Muse of comedy

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Erato

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Muse of lyrical poetry

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Euterpe

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Muse of the flute

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Urania

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Muse of astronomy

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Eros

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first deity from chaos, represents sex

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Tartarus and Erebus

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places in the Underworld

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Ge C[m]

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Earth, mother of titans, cyclopes, hecatonchires with Uranus as the father

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Uranus

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Heavens/ sky god, father of titans, cyclopes, hecatonchires

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Hecatonchires

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monsters with 100 arms

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Kronos

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son of Gaia and Uranus, chops off Uranus' genitals

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Paphos

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the shore where Uranus' genitals washed up and Aphrodite was born

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Rhea

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wife of Kronos (also a titan) who hid Zeus and gave Kronos a rock

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Rhea's and Kronos' 6 children

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Zeus, Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, and Poseidon

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Mt. Lycaeum

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altar of Zeus, where he may have been raised

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Mt. Dicte

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mountain on Crete where Zeus may have been raised

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Mnemosyne

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mother of muses (Zeus is the father)

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Titanomachy

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battle of Zeus against titans

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Gigantomachy

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battle of Zeus against giants

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Typhoeus

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man-shaped dragon with 100 snakes growing from his shoulders, responsible for bad winds

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Iapetus

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titan of mortal life, married Clymene and became father of Prometheus, Epimetheus, Menoetious, and Atlas

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Io

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Hera turned this woman into a cow and made Argus guard her

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Argus

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guarded Io but was killed by Hermes, and his many eyes were set in the tail of a peacock

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Clymene

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married Iapetus and became mother of Prometheus, Epimetheus, Menoetious, and Atlas

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Prometheus

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archetype of heroic trickster

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Menoetius

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titan of anger and rash action

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Epimetheus

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accepts Pandora despite Prometheus' warning to beware of gifts from the gods

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Pandora

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sent to Epimetheus as punishment for Prometheus' fire

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Caucasus

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the mountain Prometheus was tied to as part of his punishment

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Cyntherea

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another name for Aphrodite

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Ventris

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person who deciphered Linear B

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Demeter

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Goddess of earth fertility

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King Lycaon

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served Zeus human meat and got turned into a wolf

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Deucalion and Pyrrha

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the only 2 people left after the flood (cousins, grandkids of Themis)

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Parnassus

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mountain where Deucalion and Pyrrha washed up in a boat after the flood, next to Delphi

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Themis

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Earth goddess and oracle of Delphi who told Deucalion and Pyrrha to throw the bones of their mother over their shoulders

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Aegis

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attribute of Athena: cloak of protection

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Xenios

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Zeus epithet, guardian of hospitality

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Poleus

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Zeus epithet, city affairs

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Gamelia

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Hera's epithet

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Hebe

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Zeus and Hera's daughter, has flowers as attribute, marries Herakles after he becomes immortal

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Eileithyia

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Zeus and Hera's daughter, goddess of childbirth, pre-Greek and mentioned in Linear B tablets

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Ares

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Zeus and Hera's son. Had an affair with Aphrodite that produced Eros (other version)

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Dione

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the feminine form of Zeus who has an affair with Zeus and somehow gets pregnant with Aphrodite (other version)

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Moirai

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the fates, parents are Zeus and Themis

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Hera's attributes

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Peacock and cow

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Zeus' attributes

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lightning, eagle, oak tree, beard, scepter, (aegis sometimes)

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Hera's epithets

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ox-eye, golden-throned, white-armed, "maid wife widow"

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Zeus' epithets

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cloud-gatherer, father of gods and men, son of Kronos

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Zeus' oracular sites

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Olympia and Dodona

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Hephaestus (parents, attributes, wife)

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Son of Zeus and Hera, lame volcanoes, married to Aphrodite

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Lloyd-Jones

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person who wrote "The Justice of Zeus" about how Greeks were successful because they face ugly realities.

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Croesus

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Rich man who tested the oracles and then asked Delphi about attacking Persia: "a great empire will fall"

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Sardis

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Capital of Lydia where Croesus was king

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Solon

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Athenian who visited Croesus and was asked who was the happiest of human beings

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Cleobis and Biton

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the brothers who Solon said were second happiest because they brought their mother, a priestess of Hera, to a festival, and they died in their sleep that night

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Tellus

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The man who Solon said was the happiest due to family and fighting with honor.

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Atys

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son of Croesus, prophesied to die by an iron weapon, accidentally killed by Adrastus who was supposed to guard him

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Adrastus

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accidental murderer (Phrygian) who was purified by Croesus then accidentally killed Croesus' son Atys

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Phrygian

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ethnicity of Adrastus, the accidental murderer

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Name 12 Olympians in Greek

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Aphrodite, Apollo, Ares, Artemis, Athena, Demeter, Dionysus, Hephaestus, Hera, Hermes, Poseidon, and Zeus

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Name 12 Olympians in Roman

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Venus, Apollo, Mars, Diana, Minerva, Ceres, Bacchus, Vulcan, Juno, Mercury, Neptune, and Jupiter

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Hestia's Roman name

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Vesta

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Theseus

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Founding king of Athens

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Poseidon's Attributes and animal associations

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Beard, trident, tuna fish.
Bulls and horses.

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Epithets of Poseidon

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sea-lord, earth-shaker, Hippios (horse)

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Arion

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son of Demeter and Poseidon, a horse

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Medusa

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raped by Poseidon, producing Pegasus after Perseus cut her head off

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Pegasus

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from Poseidon and Medusa, brother to Chrysaor who was just a warrior

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Corinth

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on Peloponnesus by the isthmus, Pegasus stomped his foot and made lots of springs here

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Lerna

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where Poseidon raped Amymone, there are springs here, and horses are drowned for sacrifice

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Amymone

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raped by Poseidon at Lerna

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Tainaron

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location of Poseidon's oracle, also an entrance to the underworld

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Minos

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asked for sign Poseidon favored him, got a bull but didn't sacrifice it back, wife Pasiphae falls in love with bull

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Pasiphae

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King Minos' wife who falls in love with the bull and got pregnant with the minotaur

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Renault

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author, wrote novels based on ancient Greek myths

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Argos

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Poseidon battles Hera for position as god of this city

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Troezen

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Poseidon and Athena both want this city, Zeus tells them to share, so Poseidon gets angry

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Poseidon's altar

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Delphi, not just for Apollo

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Delos

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Athenians sacrifice to Apollo and Poseidon together at this altar

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Amphitrite

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nymph of the sea and wife of Poseidon

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Triton's parents

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son of Poseidon and Amphitrite