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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Athena Epithets
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Polias
Pallas Tritogeneia Parthenos Ergane Nike gray-eye owl-eye |
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Polias
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Athena epithet: "of the city"
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Pallas
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Athena epithet, very common, but meaning unknown
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Tritogeneia
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Athena epithet, meaning unknown
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Parthenos
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Athena epithet: "virgin"
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Ergane
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Athena epithet: "worker" (meaning artisan)
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Nike
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Athena epithet: "victory" (tends to have wings)
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Metis
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Athena's mother. Zeus raped this goddess of wisdom and swallowed her to avoid prophesy of child this woman overcoming its father.
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Attributes of Athena
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olive tree
snake scops owl aegis armor and weapons |
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Aeschylus
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wrote Oresteia, the trilogy of plays where Athena and Hephaestus protect civilization
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Oresteia
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Aeschylus's trilogy of plays about Athena and Hephaestus protecting civilization
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Arachne
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a girl in Asia Minor who challenged Athena to a weaving contest and made scenes from Athena's love life. Athena took revenge and raged for a while, then Arachne tried to kill herself and Athena took pity on her and made her into a spider
revenge, shape-change, etiological |
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Tiresias
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from Thebes, saw Athena naked so she blinded him but let him see the future
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Marsyas
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a satyr that got the flute Athena invented (she didn't like it since it made her cheeks puffy), and he challenged Apollo to a contest
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Aphrodite epithets
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Urania
Pandemos Cytherea Cypris |
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Urania
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Aphrodite epithet: celestial, love (not physical)
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Pandemos
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Aphrodite epithet: of the people, physical love
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Cytherea
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Aphrodite epithet: refers to coast of Cythera where she was born from foam of sea
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Cypris
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Aphrodite epithet: refers to Paphos coast where she was born from foam of sea
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Attributes of Aphrodite
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hand mirror, dove, myrtle tree, red poppy, rose, apple, swans, swallows, tortoise, her son Eros (Cupid)
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Story of Pygmalion
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Women of Cyprus denied Aphrodite's divinity, she forces them to prostitute themselves and then turn them to stone. Pygmalion sculpts Galatea and wishes for Aphrodite to make her come alive.
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Motifs in the story of Pygmalion
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denial of divinity motif
revenge motif shape-change motif |
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Story of Myrrha
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Myrrha tricks her father Cinyras into sleeping with her, she prays and cries over his anger, and is turned into a myrrh tree (incense represents her tears)
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Story of Adonis (anemone version)
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Adonis is a vegetation god, Aphrodite falls in love with him and turns his blood into anemones when he dies in a hunting accident
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Story of Adonis (Persephone version)
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Aphrodite gives baby Adonis in a box to Persephone who opens the box and falls in love. Aphrodite wants Adonis too, so Zeus gives them each 6 months with him.
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Motifs in Myrrha and Adonis stories
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trickery
shape-change tell woman not to open box woman opens box dying vegetation etiological |
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Anchises story and motifs
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Zeus made Aphrodite want Anchises, so she pretended to be mortal (“for no man retains his full strength who sleeps with an immortal goddess”). Their son is Aeneas.
Trickery motif |
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Eros specialized by 5th century BC
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god of male homosexuality
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Hermaphroditus
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son of Aphrodite and Hermes, a minor god of bisexuality and effeminacy
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Story of Leto/Latona
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Zeus raped her, Hera takes revenge by declaring that nobody should let Leto stay, and then when Leto finds an island, Hera continues by not letting Eileithyia help her give birth. Eileithyia was bribed by other goddesses with a necklace and finally helped her give birth holding a palm tree after 9 days of labor
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Motifs in story of Leto/Latona
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lusty deity
rape woman gets pregnant revenge 3 motif |
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Ortygia
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the floating island that Leto made a deal with to anchor it in exchange for letting her rest there and give birth, now it's called Delos
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Lycia
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In Anatolia, Turkey, a part of Turkey that Leto is mother goddess for.
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Artemis Attributes
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bow and arrow, fawn, doe, baby animals, wild animals
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Lada
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Leto's name in Slavic myth
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Selene
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an early goddess of the moon that Artemis is linked to because she is also a moon goddess
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Hecate
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goddess of witches, fertility goddess of the Underworld. Linked to Artemis on earth and Selene in heaven.
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Artemis Epithets
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Potnia Theron
mistress of animals Lydia arrow-showering |
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Potnia Theron
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Artemis epithet: "mistress of beasts"
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Iphigenia
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eldest daughter of Agamemnon, sacrificed on the way to Troy because seer told them they had to in exchange for making the winds blow again; may have been saved by Artemis at the last second to guard a temple
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Actaeon
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the hunter who saw Artemis naked and got turned into a stag and torn apart by his hunting dogs
shape-change revenge |
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Story of Callisto and Arcas
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Callisto was a follower of Artemis and daughter of King Lycaon; she was raped by Zeus and expelled by Artemis when she failed to hide her pregnancy. Hera turned Callisto into a bear and her son Arcas nearly killed her but Zeus stopped him and made them both into constellations, Ursa Major and Minor
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Motifs in story of Callisto and Arcas
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lusty deity
rape woman gets pregnant revenge shape-change |
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Motifs in story of Niobe
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hubris
revenge shape-change |
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Apollo Epithets
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Phoebus
Musagetes Loxias striking from afar |
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Phoebus
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Apollo epithet: "bright, shining"
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Musagetes
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Apollo epithet: overseer of music
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Loxias
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Apollo epithet: "ambiguous, oblique" refers to oracle
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Apollo Attributes
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youth, no beard, bow and arrow, lyre, kithara (string instrument), flute, raven, laurel tree (bay tree), laurel wreath, omphalos (belly button, big stone, center of the world=Delphi), tripod when oracle
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Story of Pan
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Pan challenged Apollo to music contest. Apollo won but Midas thought Pan was better, and Apollo turned Midas' ears into ass' ears. His barber whispers secret into hole in ground and reeds start whispering.
talkative barber motif challenge god motif revenge motif stupid critic motif |
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Marsyas
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satyr who challenged Apollo with Athena's flute and lost, so he was skinned alive.
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Story of how Apollo got Delphi
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Apollo killed the python (Themis) and was banished to Tempe in Thessaly for 9 years then was purified (as god now represents purification, especially for murder)
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Motifs in story of how Apollo got Delphi
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Dragon-slaying motif
3 motif purification |
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Story of Coronis
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Apollo loved her and killed her in anger when his raven reported she was unfaithful, but Apollo regretted his anger and saved the son Asklepios (mortal but still a healing god)
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significance of Asklepios as a god
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healing god who has lots of temples that all date to the late 5th century BC, the time when a plague struck Greece. All pagan temples were closed in 400 AD by a Christian Roman emperor.
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Cassandra
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willing to be with Apollo, so he gave her fortunetelling powers. She changed her mind, so he cursed her so nobody would ever believe the fortunes she told
lusty deity and revenge, but no rape for once |
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Daphne
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daughter of river god. Apollo pursues her; she asks her dad for help and he turns her into a laurel tree
lusty deity shape-change |
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Apollo represents
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music, civilization, and beauty
healing (but tends to fail, his son Asklepios is better) |
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Hyacinthus
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Apollo's gay love, a Spartan young man, accidentally killed by Apollo with a discus. Apollo honors him with song on the lyre and with making the flower grow from his blood. AI on flowers is written by Apollo in grief.
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Hermes' birth and parentage
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Zeus slept with Maia (nymph), and Hermes was born in Arcadia on Mt. Cyllene (lusty deity, rape, pregnant)
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Hermes' first day
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invented lyre
stole Apollo's cattle (trickery cause they walked backwards) Zeus makes Hermes protector of cattle |
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Zeus' epithet from being an arbiter
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Dikaios
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Epithets of Hermes
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Cyllenian - mountain where he was born
Argeiphontes - killer of Argos prince of thieves deceiver Psychopompos - guide of souls god of gamblers |
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Attributes of Hermes
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wings on heels
Caduceus - the staff with snakes petasos - traveler's hat winged helmet |
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Hermes' functions
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messenger, guide of souls, cattle protector, thief god, patron of heralds, associated with boundaries
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herms
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stone piles at crossroads, also kept outside front door with a male head and an erect penis
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Story of broken herms
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Alcibiades was effeminate, partying, a troublemaker, and a general. When the town agreed it was him, they chased him at sea and he went to Sparta, then later to Persia after queen of Sparta got pregnant
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Story of Hermaphroditus
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Hermes and Aphrodite, raised by nymphs, went traveling as a teen. Nymph named Salmacis falls in lust, but he says no. So she prays they never be separated.
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Eugenides
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author of modern novel named Middle Sex about hermaphrodites
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Dionysus' birth
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Zeus rapes Semele, daughter of Cadmus, king of Thebes in Boeotia. Hera tricks Semele into making Zeus swear an oath to do whatever she asks. Semele wants to see Zeus as he really is, she is burned to a cinder, but Zeus saves the fetus and sews him up in his thigh. Dionysus was raised by nymphs or his aunt Ino.
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Dionysus' alternative birth
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Zeus slept with Persephone and produced Zagreus. Hera got titans to kill and eat Zagreus, then Athena brought the heart to Zeus who swallowed it, and Zagreus was born from Semele. Zeus in his anger destroyed the titans, and from their ashes mortals were born.
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Epithets of Dionysus
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Omestes "flesh-eating"
bull-roarer, bull-horn roaring god, loud-roaring ivy-crowned the twice-born |
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Attributes of Dionysus
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long dress
tambourine ivy grape-vine snakes wine cup leopard |
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Euripides
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wrote the Bacchae
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Dionysus areas of expertise
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wine, mysteries, theater
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Attributes of maenads
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thyrsus (fennel stalk with pine cone on top and ivy wrapped around)
flutes tambourines |
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Attributes of satyrs
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perpetually horny
pug nose pointy ears beard stocky build sometimes goat legs, tiny horns, horse tail |
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Dionysus was married to....
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Ariadne, princess of Crete
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Mysteries of Dionysus
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secret initiation rites, but give followers the promise of a better life after death
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Dionysus' festivals
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one with tragic plays, one with comic plays
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Motifs in the Bacchae
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denial of divinity
shape-change (D looks mortal, Tiresias wears a dress) revenge (makes women maenads, Pentheus torn to shreds by Agave) trickster motif (to get Pentheus into forest) Dismemberment motif |
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Opposites in the Bacchae
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civilization and irrational
appearance and reality young and old (Pentheus versus Tiresias or Cadmus) sight and blindness (Tiresias and Cadmus try to warn Pentheus against denouncing Dionysus) deities and secular govt moderation and excess male and female (Dionysus is effeminate) |