Classical Mythology Exam 1

Front 1

myth

Back 1

plot of a story w/o possible verification

Front 2

mythos

Back 2

actual word or speech of the story

Front 3

myth vs religion

Back 3

myth: emphasis on gods and told traditionally

religion: what you accept based on faith and depends on cultural context

Front 4

aetiological myths

Back 4

myths that explain phenomenons or cause them

ex: iris goddess of the rainbow

Front 5

cosmogony

Back 5

origin of cosmos

Front 6

theogony

Back 6

origin of gods

Front 7

Hesiod

Back 7

shepherd with religious visions; muses were his divine inspiration

Front 8

Chaos

Back 8

born to find universe, something out of nothing

Front 9

Gaia

Back 9

Earth, literally. Something out of nothing as well

Front 10

Tartarus

Back 10

Gloomy place for wrong doers, hellish, something out of nothing

Front 11

Eros

Back 11

Something out of nothing, cupid, sexual desire

Front 12

Ouranos

Back 12

first male deity, sky god, Gaia is mom, no dad

Front 13

Catalogue poetry

Back 13

listing of names

Front 14

Prometheus

Back 14

maker of humans, trickster, clever, pisses off Zeus

Front 15

Myth of fire

Back 15

Zeus takes fire away from humans and Prometheus gives it back to us

Front 16

Pandora/ Epimetheus

Back 16

evil gift of Zeus to Epimetheus (brother of Prometheus) because Prometheus disobeyed Zeus. She has the mind of a bitch, whines a lot and bring endless pain, toil and misery. She is loved by men, pretty.

Front 17

5 ages of men

Back 17

1. gold- hot, strong men, don't age, blessed af, happy days of Kronos, no toil

2. silver- babies for 100yrs before growing up, lots of crime, didn't worship gods and were buried by gods

3. bronze- born from ash trees, barbaric, only ate meat, super strength, were not smart, warriors, killed e/o off

4. heroes- better, troy fighters, odysseus, wiped out by war too

5. iron- now, hesiod time, endless toil and pain, belief that Zeus will cause destruction.

Front 18

flood myth

Back 18

origins of people, developed in Mesopotamia because of Tigris and Euphrates (like Noah story)

Front 19

Deukalion/Pyrrha:

Back 19

AKA Noah and a girl, made it in a floating chest to Mt. Parnassos, throw mom bones behind themselves

Front 20

Hestia (Roman: Vesta)

Back 20

goddess associated with the heart of the city and heart in general

Front 21

Zeus (Roman: Jupiter)

Back 21

God of Cosmos, father of divine family, can be won over with charm

Front 22

Aegis

Back 22

goat skin shield of Zeus

Front 23

3 features of a temple

Back 23

1. not a place of worship

2. house of a large statue

3. valuable offerings to the gods

Front 24

olympia

Back 24

sanctuary dedicated to Zeus, named after mount olympus, where first olympics were held

Front 25

Hera (Roman: Juno)

Back 25

Wife of Zeus, cow-eyed, goddess of family and marriage, never illustrated with a child because she was a lousy ass mom

Front 26

Nectar, Ambrosia, Ichor

Back 26

drink, food, instead of blood

Front 27

Poseidon

Back 27

God of Seas and Earthquakes, Roman name was Neptune

Front 28

Triton

Back 28

Son of Poseidon, can change shape, has a conch shell

Front 29

trident

Back 29

tri: 3, dent: teeth, 3 spear thing held by Zeus

Front 30

Sounion

Back 30

place where Poseidon's sanctuary is

Front 31

Apollo

Back 31

Son of Zeus, destruction, mom is Leto

Front 32

Leto

Back 32

Apollo's mom, side hoe, hated by Hera, can have child on land

Front 33

homeric hymn

Back 33

poetic structure, religious poems for specific gods, intros, explained how gods gained pars, performed

Front 34

delos

Back 34

where apollo was born bc not stagnant land

Front 35

delphi

Back 35

small island, said to be middle of the earth, temple of apollo here, mtn side

Front 36

Hephaistos

Back 36

mom (Hera) birthed him asexually, she hated him, lame, god of blacksmiths, metal workers, most human-like because he had flaws and sometimes his feet were painted on backwards, Zeus hated him too; aetiological myth of volcanoes in Lemnos bc used to be a volcano.

Front 37

hephaisteon

Back 37

temple of Hephaistos in Athens, well preserved because 1. Athens has no quakes 2. turned to christian church

Front 38

Ares (roman:Mars)

Back 38

god of war, son of Zeus and Hera, merciless, and had an affair with Aphrodite

Front 39

Hermes (Roman: Mercury)

Back 39

maya: mom (a mtn nymph), born in Arkadia, pile of stones as markers or milestones for travelers, used these as good luck

Front 40

herm

Back 40

pillars, markers, for travelers with a smiley face in them and a penis (fertility)

Front 41

apotropaic

Back 41

turns away bad spirits

Front 42

caduceus/ petasus

Back 42

mssger staff, with snakes and travelers hat with wings on it

Front 43

argeiophontes

Back 43

argos-slayer, epithet for hermes because he had slain Argos the watchman set up by Hera

Front 44

Aetiology of the lyre

Back 44

hermes meets a tortoise when he's a baby and sings a song about his own birth and steals cattle from his brother

Front 45

comedic elements

Back 45

hermes farts after birth and meets the tortoise

Front 46

Demeter

Back 46

agriculture goddess, Roman: Ceres, mom-bod, mother earth

Front 47

Persephone

Back 47

daughter of Demeter and Zeus, kidnapped by Hades, explains 4 seasons

Front 48

Aidoneus (hades)

Back 48

brother of Zeus, means unseen, ruler of underworld, all-receiver, Roman name is pluto

Front 49

Eleusis

Back 49

remains of Telestinian, grieves in a well.

Front 50

Triptolemus

Back 50

Prince of Eleusis: chosen by Demeter to learn the secrets of grains and agriculture

Front 51

Athena

Back 51

Roman name is Minerva, wears shield and armor, virgin, no mom because Zeus swallowed her, born out of Zeus' head, never provocatively portrayed

Front 52

Acropolis

Back 52

"high-city," famous 5th cent. flourishing, fancy buildings, dirty money, where people can go if under attack, usually related with religious things.

Front 53

The Parthenon

Back 53

virgin= parthenos; building for Athena

Front 54

Athena Parthenos

Back 54

gold statue, thai-looking, holding Nike in her hand, gold and ivory, 38ft tall, broken down by christians and re-made in Nashville, TN

Front 55

East pediment of the parthenon

Back 55

birth of athena, claiming connection

Front 56

West pediment

Back 56

context b/w Poseidon and Athena, salt water vs olive tree, Athena wins bc olive tree.

Front 57

propylaea

Back 57

unfinished, white, gateway to Acropolis

Front 58

Athena and Nike

Back 58

nice little temple, closely correlated

Front 59

Aphrodite

Back 59

goddess of libido, SEX NOT LOVE, fertility goddess too, related to Mesopotamian goddess Ishtar.

Front 60

Cypris/Cytherea

Back 60

both claim to be the birth places of Aphrodite, and both have a sanctuary for her

Front 61

Eros

Back 61

son of Aphrodite and Ares, multiple myths, usually has a bow and arrow or flaming torch, cupid

Front 62

Priapus

Back 62

big penis, son of Aphrodite, dad is unknown, never ending erection, obscene, threatens with sexual violence

Front 63

Artemis

Back 63

twin of apollo, girl, eternal youth and virginity, hunting goddess, short skirt so she can run, Roman: Diana, assoc. with animals

Front 64

Artemis of Ephesus

Back 64

no one know what it is on her chest, looks weird, body covered with animals

Front 65

anchises

Back 65

mortal who wants to have sex with Aphrodite, lives in troy, gets her preggers

Front 66

aineas

Back 66

son of Anchises and Aphrodite