Classic Labs/findings

Front 1

Anticentromere antibodies

Back 1

Scleroderma (CREST)

Front 2

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

Back 2

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

Front 3

Anti–glomerular basement membrane antibodies

Back 3

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Front 4

Antihistone antibodies

Back 4

Drug-induced SLE

Front 5

Anti-IgG antibodies

Back 5

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 6

Antimitochondrial antibodies

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1° biliary cirrhosis

Front 7

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies

Back 7

Vasculitis (Wegener’s, microscopic polyangiitis, glomerulonephritis)

Front 8

Antinuclear antibodies

Back 8

SLE

Front 9

Antiplatelet antibodies

Back 9

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

Back 10

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

Front 11

Anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodies

Back 11

Celiac disease

Front 12

Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts

Back 12

Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia: especially the promyelocytic type)

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“Bamboo spine” on x-ray

Back 13

Ankylosing spondylitis

Front 14

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

Back 14

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

Front 15

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

Back 15

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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Bloody tap on LP

Back 16

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 17

“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray

Back 17

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

Front 18

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

Back 18

Actinomyces israelii

Front 19

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor

Back 19

Pancoast’s tumor

Front 20

“Brown” tumor of bone

Back 20

Hyperparathyroidism or giant cell tumors

Front 21

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

Back 21

Chagas’ disease

Front 22

Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

Back 22

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

Front 23

“Chocolate cyst” of ovary

Back 23

Endometriosis

Front 24

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

Back 24

Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

Front 25

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

Back 25

Cystic fibrosis

Front 26

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

Back 26

Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis)

Front 27

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

Back 27

Parkinson’s disease

Front 28

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

Back 28

Curschmann’s spirals ---> asthma

Front 29

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

Back 29

Call-Exner bodies ---> granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary

Front 30

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

Back 30

Koilocytes ---> HPV

Front 31

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

Back 31

“Owl’s-eye” appearance of CMV

Front 32

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

Back 32

“Orphan Annie” eye nuclei ---> papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

Front 33

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

Back 33

Mallory bodies ---> alcoholic liver disease

Front 34

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

Back 34

Lewy body ---> Parkinson’s disease

Front 35

Eosinophilic globule in liver

Back 35

Councilman body ---> toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever

Front 36

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

Back 36

Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)

Front 37

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

Back 37

Senile plaques ---> Alzheimer’s disease

Front 38

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

Back 38

Reed-Sternberg cells ---> Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Front 39

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

Back 39

Schiller-Duval bodies ---> yolk sac tumor

Front 40

“Hair-on-end” (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray

Back 40

Significant extramedullary hematopoiesis ---> β-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia

Front 41

hCG elevated

Back 41

Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)

Front 42

Inflammatory myocardial nodules

Back 42

Aschoff bodies ---> rheumatic fever

Front 43

Heterophile antibodies

Back 43

Infectious mononucleosis ---> EBV

Front 44

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

Back 44

Charcot-Leyden crystals ---> Bronchial asthma

Front 45

High level of D-dimers

Back 45

DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC

Front 46

“Honeycomb lung” on x-ray

Back 46

Interstitial fibrosis

Front 47

Hypersegmented neutrophils

Back 47

Megaloblastic anemia (B12, folate deficiency)

Front 48

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

Back 48

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia

Front 49

Increased α-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

Back 49

Anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

Front 50

Increased uric acid levels

Back 50

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics

Front 51

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

Back 51

Cowdry type A bodies ---> HSV or yellow fever

Front 52

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

Back 52

Ferruginous bodies ---> asbestosis

Front 53

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunocompromised

Back 53

Chédiak-Higashi disease

Front 54

Low serum ceruloplasmin

Back 54

Wilson’s disease

Front 55

“Lumpy-bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

Back 55

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Front 56

Lytic bone lesions on x-ray

Back 56

Multiple myeloma

Front 57

Mammary gland (“blue-domed”) cyst

Back 57

Fibrocystic change of the breast

Front 58

Monoclonal antibody spike

Back 58

1. Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA)
2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
3. Waldenström’s (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia

Front 59

Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine

Back 59

Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine]),
Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (IgM)

Front 60

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

Back 60

Signet ring ---> gastric carcinoma

Front 61

“String sign”

Back 61

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph ---> Crohn’s disease

Front 62

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

Back 62

Gout

Front 63

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

Back 63

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules ---> diabetic nephropathy

Front 64

Nutmeg liver

Back 64

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure

Front 65

“Onion-skin” periosteal reaction

Back 65

Ewing’s sarcoma

Front 66

Codman’s triangle

Back 66

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area on x-ray ---> osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis

Front 67

Podocyte fusion on EM

Back 67

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

Front 68

Polished, “ivory-like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

Back 68

Eburnation ---> osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis

Front 69

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau

Back 69

Neurofibrillary tangles ---> Alzheimer’s disease and CJD

Front 70

Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement

Back 70

Glioblastoma multiforme

Front 71

RBC casts in urine

Back 71

Acute glomerulonephritis

Front 72

Rectangular, crystal-like inclusions in Leydig cells

Back 72

Reinke crystals ---> Leydig cell tumor

Front 73

Renal epithelial casts in urine

Back 73

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

Front 74

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

Back 74

Pseudogout

Front 75

Rib notching

Back 75

Coarctation of the aorta

Front 76

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells (“starry sky” appearance on histology)

Back 76

Burkitt’s lymphoma

Front 77

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

Back 77

Pick bodies ---> Pick’s disease: progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer’s

Front 78

Small granulomatous lesion in lungs

Back 78

Ghon focus ---> 1° TB: Mycobacterium bacilli

Front 79

Small, round RBC inclusions

Back 79

Heinz bodies ---> G6PD deficiency, α-thalassemia, chronic liver disease

Front 80

“Soap bubble” on x-ray

Back 80

Giant cell tumor of bone

Front 81

“Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome-like” endothelial deposits

Back 81

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Front 82

Stacks of red blood cells

Back 82

Rouleaux formation ---> high ESR: multiple myeloma

Front 83

“Clue cells”

Back 83

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells --- Gardnerella vaginalis

Front 84

“Tennis-racket”-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

Back 84

Birbeck granules ---> histiocytosis X

Front 85

Thrombi made of white/red layers

Back 85

Lines of Zahn ---> arterial thrombus

Front 86

“Thumb sign” on lateral x-ray

Back 86

Epiglottitis ---> Haemophilus influenzae

Front 87

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

Back 87

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

Front 88

“Tram-track” appearance on LM

Back 88

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Front 89

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

Back 89

Fatty liver disease

Front 90

WBCs that look “smudged”

Back 90

CLL (almost always B cell)

Front 91

“Wire loop” glomerular appearance on LM

Back 91

Lupus nephropathy

Front 92

Yellow CSF

Back 92

Xanthochromia ---> subarachnoid hemorrhage