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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 7 things included on the differential for solitary pulmonary nodule?
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1. bronchogenic carcinoma
2. infection - TB, histoplasmosis, fungus 3. pulmonary laceration 4. pulmonary infarct 5. pulmonary AV malformation 6. solitary metastatic nodule 7. solitary inflammatory nodule - rheumatoid, wegener's |
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How do you distinguish something as having a pulmonary location?
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acute angles with chest wall or surrounded by lung on all sides
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What 6 things are included in the differential for multiple pulmonary nodules?
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1. metastases
2. infection - fungal, septic emboli 3. Rheumatoid nodules 4. Wegener's granulomatosis 5. Multiple infarcts 7. Multiple AV malformations |
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How do you detect a large pneumothorax?
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With patient upright - air at apex
patient in decubitus - air on top affected hemithorax more lucent collapsed lung |
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What are 4 causes of pneumothorax?
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trauma
asthma ruptured lung bullae iatrogenic |
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A small pneumothorax?
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Small: thin visceral pleural line (visceral pleura separating) with
lack of lung markings beyond line Pneumothorax becomes more apparent on expiration |
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What happens in a tension pneumothorax?
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pneumothorax exerts mass effect on mediastinum -->
1. mediastinum deviates away 2. flattened diaphragm on side of pneumothorax |
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What is lobar pneumonia?
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infection of a pulmonary lobe --> spreads to alveoli --> purulent material and edema --> opaque CXR
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What is an air bronchogram?
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When bronchi remain patent and opacity of pus-filled alveoli outlines the air-filled bronchi
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What do you find on the CXR in lobar pneumonia?
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pulmonary opacity, air bronchograms
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What CXR findings are seen in TB?
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upper lobe cavitary lung disease (caseous necrosis)
Miliary pattern (if dissemination) |
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What structures are included in the anterior mediastinum?
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area anterior to the trachea and anterior to a line extending behind the heart
heart, ascending aorta, retrosternal clear space |
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What is the differential for anterior medistinal mass?
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thyroid lesion, teratoma, thymoma, lymphoma, aneurysm
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What 4 things might you see in a cxr of a patient with an anterior mediastinal mass?
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altered normal mediastinal contour on frontal view
location anterior to trachea or lateral view bow trachea posteriorly fills retrosternal space |
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What are CXR findings on a CHF patient? (7)
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1. cardiomegaly
2. cephalization - upper lobe vessels become more prominent on cxr 3. prominent hilar vessels with indistinct margins 4. interstital edema 5. kerley B lines (thin parallel lines near costophrenic angles) 6. alveolar edema 7. pleural effusions |
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What is the best view to see a pleural effusion and why?
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lateral - can see the posterior costophrenic angle, which is the deepest
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How does a pleural effusion look like...
a. Upright frontal film b. Upright lateral film c. decubitus film |
a. lateral costophrenic sulci blunted, meniscus shape
b. posterior costophrenic sulci blunted c. decubitus - fluid accumulates below |
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What is the difference between loculated and free flowing effusion?
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free-flowing moves with gravity, loculated does not
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