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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the tissue healing time frames? |
l Acute Subacute Chronic Ligament 3-14= 2w 2w-6w 1 Year
Soft tiss/Mm 1-5d= 1w 5d-6w 6 mnths
Bone 3-14= 2w 2w-12w 1 Year
**Bone and ligament takes the longest since there is little to no blood flow, which means theres no or lack of O2 |
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What are the s/s of Acute phase and the goals of the PTA? |
Inflammation Redness Heat Pain Also called the protection phase Only PROM to minimal AAROM (within painfree limit) P.R.I.C.E. AND R.I.C.E in this stage PTA goal is to reduce inflammation |
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What do we focus on in the Subacute phase? |
AROM to complete ROM Pain should be PRN now May have WB issues when referring to bone Begin to add light resistance (Submaximal exercises which would be 1 or 2 pd weights) Also called the proliferative phase |
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Chronic phase |
Anything that lasts after 6 months to a year
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Explain the grades of a muscle or ligament tear |
Grade 1= Few fibers
Grade 2= Half the fibers
Grade 3= All the fibers
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What is the most common ligaments sprained in the ankle? And what is the MOI? |
ATF= Anterior Talofibular ligament
MOI= Inversion with foot plantarflexed |
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What is the composition of normal saline? |
.9 NaCL |
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Describe the type of dressing you would use if a wound is dry? |
Transparent- Good for perfect healing wounds, healthy and not deep; Do not want to use these on macerated skin.
Hydrocolloids and Hydrogels- Good for keeping the wound moist. |
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Describe the types of dressing you would use on a wound with high amounts of exudate.. |
Foams- Hydrophobic(Do not like water) these are for heavy exudate wound. And Hydrophilic (like water)
Alginates- Commonly used for very heavy exudative infected wounds; These hold 20x's it weight which is seaweed based.
Gauze- This is the cheapest route - Continuous Dry- Use if a wound exudates over a liter an hour.
- Continuous Wet- Use for a wound that is healing well, nice edges, and bed. Will have lots of fresh skin growth and will do a debreibment when it is pulled off.
- Wet to Dry- Whicks= Sucks up the exudate towards the dry gauze pad. Drys up in 24 hours. |
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Describe Autolytic Debriedment |
Body own mechanism working ex. Transparent film placed on wound, when taken off it snatches some bad and sometimes good skin off |
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Describe Enzymatic Debriedment |
Gels, topical ointment
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Describe Mechanical Debriedment |
Suction, Whirlpool, etc |
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Descbrine Sharps and Surgical debriedment |
Sharps= Dead tissue taken only
Surgical= Both deal and viable tissue is taken
They both are tissue removal with an instrument |
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What is the min ft of ambulation need for community ambulation> |
500 ft |
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What is the min ambulation needed for household ambulation? |
80 ft |
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Describe hypovolemic shock |
If a patient looses more than 500 ml of fluid from their body it will cause hypovolemic shock |
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What are the steps to take for Autonomic Dysreflexia |
1. Head needs to up 2. Check cathedor 3. Call 911 or call a code |
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What are the steps you need to take for anyone going through shock? |
1. Do not give food or water 2. Lay the pt down 3. Elevate the feet above the heart |
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Describe a person with C1-C3 SC involvement |
-Completely dependent - Will utilize a sip and puff WC |
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Describe a person with C4 SC |
-Diaphram/Trapezius -No ventilator but will prob need O2 -Dependent -Utilize a power WC with a joystick or head tilt |
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Describe a person with C5 |
-Deltiod/Biceps -No longer have breathing problems -Can use adaptive equipment to eat -Dependent -Power WC for community -Start manual WC for therapy with handrim projections -Start to assist in ADLs |
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Describe a person with C6 |
-Pectoralis/ Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis/ Teres Major -This person can now hold themselves in long sitting -Introduce tenodesis grip(splint) -Start with tranfers in PT and pt can assist -Start indp with WC and rim projections -Power WC for community -Increase with indep with ADLs |
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Describe a person with C7 |
-Triceps/ Latts Dorsi/ Flexor Carpi Radialis/ Extrinsic Finger Exstensor(can now lock fingers to grab) -Independent with WC -Independent with transfers -Tenodesis grip -Pt can live on their own and drive van |
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Describe a person with C8/T1 |
-Normal upper body movement -Innervation to lumbricals so person is able to cup the hand or make a fist |
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At what level could you introduce the recpricating gait orthosis? |
T9-T12
T9= Ambulate in parallel bars
T12- Can Ambulate in community |
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At how many ft do you need to be when coming in contact with someone who is on droplet percautions? |
typically 3 ft |
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Describe what secondary squalae means? |
- An injury that causes secondary problems ex. Muscle atrophy is from SCI - or loosing ROM from having pneumonia |
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Describe what the range of the bodies Ph level and what is considered Acidosis or Alkalosis and what it can cause...
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Normal= 7.35-7.45
Acidosis= Anything under 7.35 (Causes hypoventilation) Alkalosis= Anything above 7.45 (causes hyperventilation) |
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Blood Pressure Norm and when theres no PT |
Normal= 120/80
No PT= 200/110 |
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Heart rate norm and when theres no PT |
Normal= 60-100
No PT= PT permission needed outside range |
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Respiratory norm and when theres no PT |
Normal= 12-20
No PT= Above 20 |
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HgB norm and when theres no PT |
Normal= Women- 12-16 Men- 13-18
No PT= Outside range |
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Hct norm |
Normal= 38%-52% |
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Platelet |
Normal= 150-450 |
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PTT |
Normal= 11-15 sec
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SaO2 (pulse ox) |
Saturation of blood 80-100 Normal= 95-99; Cut off @ 90
Unless baseline is 90-93 from COPD then cut of is anything below 86 |
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PaO2 ( % of O2 in atmosphere) |
21%= 760 ml Hg |
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Blood Glucose |
Normal= 70-110
< 70= Hypo > 110= Hyper
High blood glucose is also called Ketoacidosis= Pt will have a sweet fruity breath smell |
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Describe the difference between restrictive and obstructive |
Restrictive is when you can not get enough air in
Obstructive is when you can not get enough air out ex. COPD |
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When doing postural drainage how many BPM should you do percussions? |
100 BPM |
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What is the drainage positions for the Right Middle lobe and the left lingula? |
Trendelenberg position with the FOB up 16 degrees |
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What is the drainage positions for the lower lobes (except the lower lobe superior segment)? |
This includes the basalar lobes; Trendelenberg with the FOB up 20 degrees except for the Anterior basal lower lobe it is 18 degrees. |
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Describe the drainage position for the Lower lobe superior segment.. |
Prone and table horizontal with about 3 pillows under the stomach (the liberator) :) |
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What type of blood does the arteries carry? |
Deoxygenated |
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What type of blood do the veins carry? |
Oxygenated |
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What is the job of the SA node> |
It sets the pace |
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What is the job of the AV node? |
Distributes the electricity |
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How many lobes are on the right? |
3 lobes and is the side the TRIcuspid valve is on |
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How many lobes are on the left? |
2 lobes and is the side the BIcuspis valves is on also known as the mitral valve |
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What is the job of the Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD)? |
- It is the primary source of O2 for the heart
-This is the coronary artery that death most occurs from |
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Describe right sided heart failure |
- Peripheral - BLE Edema -Pulmonary Congestion -Distended jugular vein -Cyanosis (Blue finger nails, lips, lack of O2) |
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Describe left sided heart failure |
-Pulmonary (lungs) -More debilitating -BLE Claudication (lack of O2) -Pulmonary edema (Shows up phase 1)
**3 phases: 1- Enlargement of heart 2- Sympathetic Cascade Starts (the heart gets bigger & has to work harder) 3- Metabolic- (starts to affect the bodies chemicals) then starts -Compensated tech= Fixing it with meds (They are medically able to maintain stability) Turn into 4 if above does not work 4. Decompemsated= Person ends up with some device |
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Describe the Cardiac Rehab process |
Stage Stage Stage 1 2 3 Inpatient Outpatient Community 3-5 days 3xW for 12w up to 1yr @ Gym (36 sessions) Strt 2-3 METS 6-9 METS MIN of 3-5 METS Get out stage1 Need 3-5 METS
3 METS= Walk 15-20 min (endurance)
9METS= Fast walk ( 5Mph) |
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How many METS does a patient have if they can perform all ADLs? |
5 METS
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How may METS does a patient need to be able to do before you can add resistance exercises? |
6 METS |
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Describe the difference between Arthlerosclerosis and Arterialsclerosis |
Artherosclerosis= Clogging of the arteries
Arterialsclerosis= Hardening of the arteries
Both increase the BP |
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Describe the different compression levels of compression stocking |
10 mmHg= Non active blood clot prevention
25 mmHg= Post lymp preventative
35 mmHg= lymph relief and scar tissue from burns |
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Describe difference between stage 1 and stage 2 lymphodema |
* Stage 1 (spontaneously reversible): Tissue is still at the pitting stage: when pressed by the fingertips, the affected area indents, and reverses with elevation. Usually upon waking in the morning, the limb or affected area is normal or almost normal in size.
* Stage 2 (spontaneously irreversible): The tissue now has a spongy consistency and is considered non-pitting: when pressed by the fingertips, the affected area bounces back without indentation. Fibrosis found in stage 2 lymphedema marks the beginning of the hardening of the limbs and increasing size. |
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What are the main components of the Borg Scale (Rate of percieved exertion) |
12/13= Somewhat hard, but will 60% to continue (Aerobic; Sprint)
16= Very hard, Not willing to 85% Continue (Anarobic; Marathon runners) |
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What is the formula for the Carvonin Formula? |
220 - Age - RHR x .60 +RHR |
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What does Galant, MORO, Positive support, and ATNR all have in common? |
They begin at gestation |
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Galant Reflex |
Stroke the side of baby and baby leans to that side -Ends at 2 months
Interferes with: -Development of sitting balance -Lead to scoliosis |
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Moro Reflex |
As the babies head suddenly goes into extension the arms abduct out with fingers open and then cross trunk into adduction -Ends at 5 months
Interferes with: -Eye-hand coordination -Protective response in sitting
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Positive support Reflex |
Weight is placed on balls of feet and babies feet stiffen into extension along with trunk -Ends at 2 months
Interferes with: - Balance reaction in weight shifting in standing -Can lead to plantar flexion contractures |
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ATNR Reflex |
Arm and leg on face side is extended, and arm and leg on scalp side is flexed -Birth to 4-6 months
Interferes with: -Rolling -Feeding -Crawling |
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STNR Reflex |
-Starts when ATNR shuts down -So baby can roll onto stomach
Head in flexion= UE are flexed LE extended Head in Ext= UE are Extended and UE flexed
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TLR |
Supine- Body and extremities held in extension
Prone- Body and extremities held in flexion
-Initiates rolling -Prone on elbows -Sitting and standing bal
Birth to 6 months |
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At 2-3 months a baby will |
Laugh |
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At 4-5 months a baby will |
Roll |
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At 8-9 months a baby will |
Crawl, hold spoon |
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At 12-15 months a baby will |
Walk and try to talk |
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At 24-36 months a Child will |
Ride a tricycle Catch a large ball Cut with scissors Open/Close a jar |
