Class #1 Introduction To Materials

Front 1

What is a Material?

Back 1

Part of all matter that makes up the universe.

Front 2

What is material science?

Back 2

The study of atomic, molecular and crystal structure and mechanics of materials and their influence on their behavior of materials. this field of study was pioneered by a metallurgist.

Front 3

What is materials engineering?

Back 3

it is a engineering discipline that develops, prepares, modifies and applies materials to meet specified product needs.

Front 4

What are engineering materials?

Back 4

Engineering materials are materials that are used in construction. They are categorized in to two groups:
Constuction Materials
Structural Materials

Front 5

What is the difference between construction materials and structural materials.

Back 5

All structural materials are construction materials( or building materials) but not all construction materials are structural materials.

Front 6

What is an example of a non-structural material?

Back 6

Any material in construction that is not capable of withstanding an applied load.

Front 7

Why study enginering materials?

Back 7

* To be able to select a material for a given use based on considerations of cost and performance.
* To understand the limits of materials and the change of their properties with use.
* to be able to create new materials that will have desirable properties
* To be able to pin point and analyze the cause and source of structural failure.

Front 8

What is the difference between organic materials and inorganic materials?

Back 8

* Organic materials are living things and are carbon based.
* Inorganic materials are non-living materials and can be carbon based but most are not.

Front 9

What are some examples of the many types of materials?

Back 9

* Crystalline materials
* Ductile materials
* Elastic materials
* Electronic materials
* Insulating materials
* Plastic materials
* Semiconductors

Front 10

What are raw Materials?

Back 10

*Raw materials are the natural materials that are obtained from the earth and transformed through a manufacturing process into a final product.
*Examples include:
*Coal, Petroleum, Iron Ore, Limestone

Front 11

What is the difference between an amorphous material and a crystalline material?

Back 11

*Amorphous have atoms almost randomly arranged (unorganized)
(ex: Plastic or Glass)
Crystalline have atoms arranged in a discernible repeated pattern in three dimensions. (organized pattern)
(ex: Ceramics, Quartz, Diamond)

Front 12

What is the difference between a brittle material and a ductile material?

Back 12

A Brittle material will not elongate prior to fracture.
(ex: Cast Iron, Concrete and Glass)
A Ductile material can experience stretching or elongation prior to rupture.
(ex: Mild Steel, Aluminum & Wood)

Front 13

What are some examples of ceramic, composite and plastic materials?

Back 13

Ceramic - Glass, Cement, China, Stone and Brick
Composite - Plywood,Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Fiberglass
Plastic - Polyester, Polystyrene, Nylon & PVC

Front 14

What are the five main groups that materials can be grouped into?

Back 14

*Materials can be classified into five main groups:
*Metals
*Ceramics
*Polymers
*Composites
*Other

Front 15

Metals can be classified into what two groups?

Back 15

Metals can be further classified into two groups:
*Ferrous Metals (iron-based)
(iron, steel,stainless steel)
and
*Non-Ferrous Metals
(Aluminum, Copper, Precious Metals)

Front 16

Ceramics can be classified into what two groups?

Back 16

Ceramics can be further classified into two groups:
*Traditional Ceramics
(Tile, Cement,Clay, Stone, Brick,Masonary Units, Glass
and
*Technical Ceramics
(Alumina, silcon nitride)

Front 17

Polymers and Composites can be classified into what two groups?

Back 17

Natural Composites
(Wood,Celery,bamboo,Corn)
Synthetic Composites
(Concrete, Reinforced concrete, Fiberglass, Asphalt, Engineered Wood)
Natural Polymers
(wood,cotton,bone,leather)
Synthetic Polymers
(Teflon, PVC,Polyester)

Front 18

What is a material system?

Back 18

A material system includes a multitude of different materials put together to create a useful product.

Front 19

What are some examples of materials systems?

Back 19

Examples of materials systems are house,airplane,vacuum cleaner

Front 20

What is the perfect material and what characteristics would it have?

Back 20

The perfect material would have the following characteristics:
*Endless source of supply
*Cheap to refine and produce
*Energy efficient
*Strong, stiff and dimensionally stable at all temperatures.

Front 21

What is the "Properties-Structure-Processing" relationship about and why is it important?

Back 21

The "Properties-Structure-Processing" Relationship includes:
*The properties of Materials
*The internal Structure of Materials
*The processing of Materials
It is important for the engineer to understand because when any one of these three aspects of the relationship changes, either one or both of the others also changes.

Front 22

What is meant by "properties of a material?

Back 22

*The properties of a material are those characteristics that help identify an distinguish one material from another.
*Taken as a whole, these qualities define a material.
*All properties are observable and most can be measured quantitatively.

Front 23

what are some examples of properties of materials?

Back 23

The properties of a material include:
*Mechanical, Physical, Chemical, Thermal, Electrical, Magnetic, Acoustical, Optical

Front 24

What are some examples of mechanical proerties of a material?

Back 24

Mechanical Properties
Measure the resistance of a material to applied loads or forces
(ex: Strength, Ductility,Hardness,Impact,Fatigue)

Front 25

What are some examples of physical properties of a material?

Back 25

Physical Properities are those derived from the proerties of matter or attributed to the physical structure.
(ex: Density, Porosity, Void Content,Moisture Content, Specific Gravity, Permeability, Macro-Structure, Micro-structure, Texture, Color, Shape

Front 26

What is meant by the "internal structure" of a material?

Back 26

The internal structure of materials refers to the way in which the material is madeup.
*Atomic Structure- the arrangement of the electrons surrounding the nucleus of the atom significantly affects different properties of a material (crystal structure, amorphous structure)

Front 27

What is meant by the "processing" of a material?

Back 27

Processing a material produces the desired shape of a component from the initial formless material.
Examples of processing techniques include:
casting, forming, joining,molding,compaction, sintering.