Cjs Chapter 7

Front 1

Independent agencies within the executive branch of gov.

Back 1

Most police departments are independent agencies within the executive branch of gov.

Front 2

NY's Chain of Command and Rank System from Lowest to Highest

Back 2

POlice officer
Detective specialist
Detective investigator
SErgeant
Lieutenant
Captain
Deputy INspector
Inspector
Deputy Chief
Assistant Chief
Bureau Chief
Chief of Department
Deputy Commissioner
First deputy Commissioner
Police Commissioner

Front 3

Time in rank

Back 3

THe promotion system in which ap olice officer can advance in rank only after spending a prescribed amount of time in the preceding rank

Front 4

Beats

Back 4

Patrol officers are charged with supervising specific areas of their jurisdiction called beats

Front 5

The major purpose of patrol

Back 5

Deter crime by maintaining a visible police presence; maintain peace; enable the department to resond quickly to law violations/emergencies; identify/apprehend law violators; aid individuals who can't care for themselves; facilitate the movement of traffic and people; create a feeling of security

Front 6

Order maintenance/Peacekeeping

Back 6

The bulk of patrol effort is devoted to this.
It means maintaining order and authority wihtout formal arrest ["handling the situation"]- keeping things under control by means of threats, persuasion and understanding.
Order maintenance policing targets behavior that falls between criminal and noncriminal

Front 7

Selective enforcement

Back 7

Police practice this policy, concentrating on some crimes but handling the majority in an informal manner.

Front 8

The Kansas City Study

Back 8

This study showed that variations in patrol techniques have little influence on citizens' attitudes toward the police

Front 9

Proactive Policiing

Back 9

When patrol officers take the initiative against crime instead of waiting for criminal acts to occur.

Front 10

The Effectiveness of Proactive Policing

Back 10

On one hand it may have a detterent effect: aggressive policing increases perception that police arrests many criminals and that most violators get caught.
On the othe rhand there is hte possibility of DISPLACEMENT: an effect that occurs when criminals move from one area targeted for increased police presence to another that is well protected

Front 11

Broken Windows Model

Back 11

The role of police as maintainers of community order and safety (By G. Kelling & JQ Wilson)

Front 12

G. Kelling and J.Q. Wilson

Back 12

Created the Broken Windows Model.
Their influential article made 3 Key Points: (1) Neighbohood disorder creates fear
(2) Neighborhoods give out crime promoting signals
(3) Police need to aggressively target low-level "quality of life" crimes.

Front 13

Sting Operation

Back 13

Organized group of detectives who decieve criminals into committing acts.
Sting operation drawbacks: a sting involves deceit by police that often comes close to entrapment

Front 14

A majority of cases that are solved are done so when.....

Back 14

...the perpetrator is identified at the scene of the crime by patrol officers.

Front 15

To improve investigations.......

Back 15

...Patrol officers have been given greater responsibilities for conducting preliminary investigations; specialized units now operate over larger areas; also technological advances such as DNA and fingerprinting

Front 16

Detective work may be improved if..........

Back 16

.......greater emphasis is placed on collecting physical evidence at the crime scene, identifying witnesses, checking departmental records & using informants

Front 17

CompLink Program

Back 17

Allows investigators to search database of past criminal records and compute a list of possible suspects
It allows police to access data from other police agencies in minutes & it also allows for easy info sharing between law enforcement agencies

Front 18

Police Community Relations (PCR)

Back 18

These programs were designed to make citizens more aware of police actiivites, improve attitudes towards policing and alert them to methods of self-protection

Front 19

Community-Oriented Policing (COP)

Back 19

These programs were designed to bring the police and the public closer together and create a more cooperative working environment between them.
Community policing also refers to a philosophy of policing that requires departments to reconsider the recruitment, organizaiton, and operating procedures. It also emphasizes results on bureaucratic process

Front 20

Neighborhood- Oriented Policing (NOP)

Back 20

To acheive the goals of COP some agencies use this: a police philosophy suggesting that problem solving is best done at the neighbohood level where issues originate

Front 21

Foot Patrol

Back 21

Police patrol that takes officers out of cars and puts them on a walking beat to strengthen ties with the community.
THe Community policing concept was implemented through this.
The first foot patrol experiments were conducted in Michigan and NJ.
An evaluation of foot patrol indicated that although it did not bring down the crime rate, residents perceived greater safety.

Front 22

Community policing has been credited with reducing crime rates in....

Back 22

Boston and NY

Front 23

If they are to be successful, community policing strategies must be able to react effectively to some significant adminstrative problems such as....

Back 23

...Defining community; defining roles; changing supervisor attitudes; reorienting police values; revising training; reorienting recruitment and reaching out to every community

Front 24

Problem Oriented POlicing (POP)

Back 24

A style of police management that stresses proactive problem solving instead of reactive crime fighting. POP strategies require police agencies to identify long term community problems and to develop strategies to eliminate them.

Front 25

Procedural justice

Back 25

A concern with making decisions that are arrived at through procedures viewed as being fair. If people view procedures as being unfair, they will be less likely to support police in their cirme fighting efforts.

Front 26

CompStat

Back 26

Created by W. Bratton.
It is a computerized system that gave precinct commanders up-to-date info about where and when crime was occuring in their jurisdictions.
It is credited with being a big part of NYC's decrease in crime rate.

Front 27

How is NY's investigative services organized?

Back 27

Each borough/district has its own detective division that supervises investigators assigned to neighborhood police precincts.

Front 28

Vice Squads

Back 28

Police units (usually plainclothes) assigned to enforce morality based laws (victimless crimes) such as those addressing prostitution and pornography.
These police units may set themselves up as customers to make arrests

Front 29

To create their story, detectives use a three pronged approach...

Back 29

(1) Specific focus: detectives interview witnesses, gather evidence, record events at the immediate crime scene
(2) General coverage: This process involves detectives who [a]canvass the neighborhood, [b]conduct interviews with family, [c]contact employers for info regarding victims/suspects, [d]construct victim/suspect timelines to outline their whereabouts before the incident
(3) INformative data gathering: using technology to collect records of cell phones, diaries, hard drives, etc

Front 30

Problem Oriented Policing (POP) strategies require police to.......

Back 30

.....identify long-term community problems (drug dealers, prostitution rings) and to develop strategies to eliminate them.

Front 31

Hotspots of crime

Back 31

Places where a significant amount of police calls originate in Metropolitan ares

Front 32

Examples of problem solving efforts include....

Back 32

(1) Combating theft: to reduce number of car theft,police have installed bait cars- cars that let them know when someone breaks into it.
(2) Reducing violence. Police in Cali have created a police unit called GANG TACTICAL DETAIL- they combat neighborhood gang problems by targeting known offenders

Front 33

Internal Affairs Division

Back 33

The unit that investigates allegations of police misconduct and processes citizen complaints of police corruption.
Larger police departments often maintain this division.

Front 34

Police productivity

Back 34

Refers to the amount of order maintenance, crime control, and other law enforcement activities provided by individual police officers.