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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many separate and distinct criminal justice systems are there in the U.S.?
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51
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what is the criminal justice system & what are its parts?
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law enforcement agencies, courts, correctional system, & victim services that all deal with crime.
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what is the difference between crime control and due process?
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crime control emphasizes the efficient arrest and processing of offenders and due process emphasizes individual rights at all stages of the justice process.
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what does the wedding cake model of criminal justice refer to?
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refers to how cases get filtered through the CJS system.
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what is the difference between criminal law, administrative law & civil law?
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Civil law (Roman system) used in countries that do not deal w/ common law. Common law-created in England & is used today in the US. Administrative law-oversees bodies of governement
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what does mala in se mean?
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morally wrong
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what are sanctions?
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prescribed consequences intended to reinforce people's conformity to norms
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what is conflict perspective?
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crime as one outcome of a struggle among different groups competing for resources in society.
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what is consensus perspective?
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product of social agreement or consensus about what criminal behavior is.
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what are torts?
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civil disputes where one party sues another for damages that the defendant has caused.
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what is social control?
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theory that states if parents/law enforcement had been more involved in ones life, then they may have never committed a crime.
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what is mala prohibita?
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crimes that reflect public opinion at a particular moment in time.
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what is UCR?
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Uniform Crime Reports-annual series of statistical measures of the incidence of selected crimes reported by police departments & is compiled by the FBI
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What is NCVS?
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National Crime Victimization Survey-statistical compiling of households and individuals who have been personally victimized by crimes.
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what is Part 1 of index crimes?
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murder, sexual assault, battery, robbery, larceny, burglary, theft
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what are public order crimes?
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variety of offenses that are considered public disturbances
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what is robbery?
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stealing by using force or threats
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what is larceny?
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stealing without using force
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what is burglary?
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entering with the intent to steal
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what is neoclassical crime?
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recognizes differences in circumstances and assumes that some people (like children and mentally ill) cannot reason.
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what is classical crime?
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that the product of the offenders behavior is free will.
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what is positivist crime?
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criminal behavior is a result of determinism and that the treatment of convicted offenders prevents them from committing crime.
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what is rational choice theory?
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assumes that criminals choose to commit crime because they believe that the benefits they will derive will outweigh the risks of being caught.
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what is psychpoathy?
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individual shows no remorse for what they have done
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what is the Strain theory?
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extrodinary pressures make the person more likely to commit a crime.
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where can the laws be found?
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The Constitution
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what is statutory law?
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laws enacted by state legislatures
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what is common law
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legal system created in England after the Norman Conquest & is still used today
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what is a case law?
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decisions judges have made in previous court cases
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what is mens rea?
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the level of criminal intent or the mental state usually required in order to convict a person of a crime
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what is actus reas?
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the specific act required to convict a person for a specific crime
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what is plaintiff
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the party who initiates the lawsuit in a civil case
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what is entrapment?
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where a person is tricked or trapped by the law enforcement to commit a crime that they would not usually do
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what is the McNaughtan Rule?
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a standrad for insanity that asks whether the defendant was unabve to know what he or she was doing or to distinguish right from wrong
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what is GBMI?
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guilty but mentally ill;-is considered mentally ill but is still charged with the crime
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what is American Law Institute Rule?
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standard insanity test that asks whether the defendant lacked substantial capacity to appreciate the criminality of the act
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what are inchoate crimes?
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crimes that have begun but are not completed
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