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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The degree of proof required to find the defendant in a criminal trial guilty of committing the crime. The defendant’s guilt must be the only reasonable explanation for the criminal act before the court.
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Beyond a Reasonable Doubt
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The branch of law dealing with the definition and enforcement of all private or public rights, as opposed to criminal matters.
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Civil Law
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A term used to describe the actual amount of crime that takes place. The “figure” is “dark,” or impossible to detect, because a great number of crimes are never reported to the police.
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Dark Figure of Crime
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In a civil court, the person or institution against whom the action is brought. In a criminal court, the person or entity who has been formally accused of violating a criminal law.
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Defendant
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A serious crime, usually punishable by death or imprisonment for a year or longer.
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Felony
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Drugs whose use or sale has been declared illegal.
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Illicit Drugs
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A negligent homicide, in which the offender had no intent to kill his or her victim.
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Involuntary Manslaughter
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In a civil court, legal responsibility for one’s own or another’s actions.
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Liability
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Legal drugs, such as alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine.
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Licit Drugs
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A descriptive term for acts that are inherently wrong, regardless of whether they are prohibited by law.
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Mala in Se
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A descriptive term for acts that are made illegal by criminal statute and are not necessarily wrong in and of themselves.
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Mala Prohibita
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A criminal offense that is not a felony; usually punishable by a fine and/or a jail term of less than one year.
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Misdemeanor
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Crimes reported annually by the FBI in its Uniform Crime Report. Part I offenses include murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft.
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Part I Offenses
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All crimes recorded by the FBI that do not fall into the category of Part I offenses. Include both misdemeanors and felonies.
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Part II Offenses
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The person or institution that initiates a lawsuit in civil court proceedings by filing a complaint. In doing so, this party seeks a legal remedy to the matter in question.
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Plantiff
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A method of gathering crime data that relies on participants to reveal and detail their own criminal or delinquent behavior.
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Self-Reported Survey
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An annual report compiled by the FBI to give an indication of criminal activity in the United States. The FBI collects data from local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies in preparing this report.
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Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
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A method of gathering crime data that directly surveys participants to determine their experiences as victims of crime.
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Victim Surveys
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A homicide in which the intent to kill was present in the mind of the offender, but malice was lacking. Most commonly used to describe homicides in which the offender was provoked or otherwise acted in the heat of passion.
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Voluntary Manslaughter
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A descriptive term for acts that are made illegal by criminal statute and are not necessarily wrong in and of themselves.
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Mala Prohibita
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A criminal offense that is not a felony; usually punishable by a fine and/or a jail term of less than one year.
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Misdemeanor
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Crimes reported annually by the FBI in its Uniform Crime Report. Part I offenses include murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft.
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Part I Offenses
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All crimes recorded by the FBI that do not fall into the category of Part I offenses. Include both misdemeanors and felonies.
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Part II Offenses
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The person or institution that initiates a lawsuit in civil court proceedings by filing a complaint. In doing so, this party seeks a legal remedy to the matter in question.
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Plantiff
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A method of gathering crime data that relies on participants to reveal and detail their own criminal or delinquent behavior.
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Self-Reported Survey
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An annual report compiled by the FBI to give an indication of criminal activity in the United States. The FBI collects data from local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies in preparing this report.
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Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
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A method of gathering crime data that directly surveys participants to determine their experiences as victims of crime.
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Victim Surveys
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A homicide in which the intent to kill was present in the mind of the offender, but malice was lacking. Most commonly used to describe homicides in which the offender was provoked or otherwise acted in the heat of passion.
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Voluntary Manslaughter
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Which of the following relates to concerns or matters of civil law?
a. The values and norms of society. b. Wrongs committed by the government. c. General problems in society. d. Disputes between private individuals and between entities. |
D
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What is the burden of proof required in civil cases?
a. Preponderance of the evidence b. Preponderance of probable cause c. Beyond a reasonable doubt d. Beyond a reasonable suspicion |
A
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Given the guidelines of the Model Penal Code, what is not true?
a. Third degree felonies imply an offense that is less harmful to society than First degree felonies. b. Second degree felonies should not demand more than a 10-year sentence. c. All felonies can carry the death penalty. d. Felonies usually demand the punishment of incarceration. |
C
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Which statement is most accurate?
a. Voluntary manslaughter is a killing without intent but with malice. b. Involuntary manslaughter is a killing with intent but without malice. c. Voluntary manslaughter is a killing without intent or malice. d. Involuntary manslaughter is a killing without intent or malice. |
D
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Which is not typical of crimes that are misdemeanors?
a. Misdemeanors, more often than felonies, carry no jail time. b. Misdemeanors are divided into different classes of seriousness. c. Misdemeanors almost never carry the penalty of imprisonment. d. Misdemeanors usually include the penalty of imprisonment. |
D
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What is the term to describe acts that are inherently wrong, regardless of whether they are prohibited by law or not?
a. Mala in se b. Amicus curiae c. Corpus delicti d. Mala prohibita |
A
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Statistically, what variable is the strongest determinant of criminal behavior?
a. Race or ethnicity b. Age c. Gender d. Economic class |
B
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Of various factors that account for crime, which is one of the most controversial areas of analysis?
a. Social class b. Ecological c. Age d. Race |
D
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Which statement, if true, explains the greatest error in measuring crime statistics?
a. Some police departments intentionally under-report crime. b. Most crime is unreported to the police. c. Victim surveys give more information than FBI crime reports. d. Self-report surveys are more accurate than police reports |
C
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Which of the following is not a Part I offense, as classified by the FBI index crimes?
a. Possession of a Controlled Substance b. Rape c. Arson d. Burglary |
A
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Of the choices below, which is not a way in which crime data is presented via the UCR?
a. Percent of changes in rate of crime over time. b. Crime rate per 1,000 people. c. Number of crimes reported. d. Crime rate per 100,000 people |
B, Crime rates are computed per 100,000 people. Review "The Uniform Crime Report" section in your text on page 58.
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Which tool or database provides the best understanding of the actual amount of crime that occurs in the country?
a. The National Victimization Survey b. Self-report Interview c. National Incident Based Reporting System d. Uniform Crime Report |
A, Correct. The NCVS, a victim survey, according to some gives a more accurate depiction of crime because it accounts for crimes not reported to the police
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What does the author note about gangs and crime?
a. Young people often join gangs as a means of employment. b. Gangs are often responsible for a majority of murders in a city. c. Gangs commit more crimes in small cities than large ones. d. Gangs often work with police to sell guns and drugs. Incorrect. See page 65. |
A
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Which of the following is a criticism of the National Crime Victimization Survey?
a. It only counts the most serious crime in a criminal episode. b. It only considers females as victims of rape. c. Responses can be distorted. d. It measures unreported crime. |
C, The NCVS relies on the memories of those being surveyed.
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Gross misdemeanors are actions considered to be foul in nature such as urinating in public or lewd conduct.
True False |
FALSE, Gross misdemeanors are offenses punishable by thirty days to a year in jail. See page 55.
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Mala prohibita is the Latin phrase for guilty act, which is one of the essential elements necessary to establish a crime has been committed.
True False |
FALSE. Mala prohibita refers to crimes or offenses that are prohibited by law, but are not generally considered wrong in themselves. Actus reus is the term which refers to the guilty act.
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Relative to the 1990s, since the year 2000, violent crime in the United States is lower.
True False |
TRUE
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The estimates of crime have been drastically different between the UCR and the NIBRS, thus indicating the NIBRS is a definite improvement upon the UCR.
True False |
TRUE, The average difference between UCR and NIBRS estimates has been quite small. On average, the violent crime rates as measured by the NIBRS is less than 1% higher than that of the UCR, and the property crime rate is higher by slightly more than 2 percent.
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P=
(consider surface tension) |
2T/r
pressure is directly proportional to T (tension) and indirectly proportional to radius of alveoli |
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Which statement is most accurate?
a. Voluntary manslaughter is a killing without intent but with malice. b. Involuntary manslaughter is a killing with intent but without malice. c. Voluntary manslaughter is a killing without intent or malice. d. Involuntary manslaughter is a killing without intent or malice. |
D, Involuntary manslaughter is commonly understood as an accidental death.
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Which is not typical of crimes that are misdemeanors?
a. Misdemeanors, more often than felonies, carry no jail time. b. Misdemeanors are divided into different classes of seriousness. c. Misdemeanors almost never carry the penalty of imprisonment. d. Misdemeanors usually include the penalty of imprisonment. |
D, Misdemeanor offenders can only be sentenced to jail, not prison.
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What is not true about part II index crimes like disorderly conduct, public intoxication, and runaways?
a. Their existence supports arguments of conflict theory. b. They are what Prof. Felson calls "ordinary crime." c. They are generally called "victimless" crimes. d. They are far overshadowed by crimes of violence |
D
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