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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 2 treponem's?
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1. Treponema pallidum - causing syphilis
2. Treponema. pertenue - causing yaws (infection of skin, bones, and joints) - healing with keloids - severe limb deformaties - disease of tropics - not and STD - but VDRL positive |
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Which definition is this?
The status of a convicted offender who has been conditionally released from prison by a paroling authority before the expiration of his or her sentence, is placed under the supervision of a parole agency, and is required to observe the conditions of parole. |
parole.
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Which definition is this?
The number of probation or parole clients assigned to one probation or parole officer for supervision. |
Caseload.
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Which definition is this?
The use of a variety of officially ordered program based sanctions that permit convicted offenders to remain in the community under conditional supervision as an alternative to an active prison sentence. |
Community corrections.
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Which definition is this?
A sentencing option that makes use of "boot camp" type prisons to impress on convicted offenders the realities of prison life. |
Shock incarceration.
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Which definition is this?
The practice of sentencing offenders to prison, allowing them to apply for probationary release, and surprisingly permitting such release. Offenders who recieve this may not be aware that they will be released on probation and may expect to spend a much longer time behind bars. |
Shock probation.
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Which definition is this?
The use of split sentencing, shock probation or parole, shock incarceration, community service, intensive supervision, or home confinement, in lieu of other; more traditional sanctions, such as imprisonment, and fines. |
Intermediate sanctions.
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A sentence explictly requiring the convicted offender to serve a period of confinement in a local, state, or federal facility, followed by a period of probation.
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Split sentencing.
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Which definition is this?
A sentence that requires that a convicted offender serve weekends (or other specified periods of time) in a confinment facility (usually a jail) while undergoing probationary supervision in the community. |
Mixed sentencing.
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Which definition is this?
A sentencing alternative that requires offender to spend at least part of their time working for a community agency. |
Community Service.
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Which definition is this?
A form of probation supervision involving frequent face to face contact between the probationer and probation officer. |
Intensive probation supervision.
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Which definition is this?
House arrest. Individuals ordered confined to their homes are sometimes monitored electronically to ensure they do not leave during the hours of confinement. Absense from the home during the working hours is often permitted. |
Home confinement.
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What are the characteristics of probation?
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-Incarceration avoided
-Probationer at liberty -subject to court sanctions -placed under supervisions -probation may be revoked. |
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What are the conditions of
probation? |
-Cooperation
-meeting family needs -steady employment -education or training -steady residence -refraining from bad peers -restitution |
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What are reasons for probation revocation?
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-Breaking the law
-Technical violation (violating the conditions) -Due process rights applicable to probat |
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What was the significant outcome of Griffin v. Wisconsin?
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The supreme court ruled that probation officers may conduct seaches of a probation officers residence without either a search warrant or probable cause.
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What was the significant outcome of Pennsylvania board of probation and parole v. scott?
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The court declined to extend the exclusionary rule to apply to searches by parole officers, even where such searches yield evidence of parole violations.
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What are the issues concerning the reinvention of probation?
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-The rehabilitative ideal is far less popular today than it has been in the past
-Too many serious offenders are getting probation and abusing the system |
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What is perhaps the biggest challenge facing probation/parole officers?
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The need to balance two conflicting sets of duties-one of which is to provide quasi-social work services and the other is to handle custodial responsibilities.
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What are the objectives of parole?
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-reduce recidivism (repeat offending)
-fairness and propriety -responsive to community -maintenance of criminal justice system |
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Which definition is this?
When a release occurs because the max term has been served. |
Unconditional release.
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Which definition is this?
When a release occurs early. |
Conditional release.
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Which definition is this?
A release that is based on a parole board decision. |
Discretionary release.
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Which definition is this?
A release that occurs because of being good for a certain amount of time and earning credit. |
Manditory release.
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Which definition is this?
A date that first becomes eligible for consideration of parole. |
Release eligibility.
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What is the common formula for eligibility of release?
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Based on serving 1/3 of original maximum sentence.
Ex: 120 months=40 months. |
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What is the order of the parole process?
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-Parole plan
-prelim hearing -parole board and hearing |
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What happens during the parole plan stage?
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Parole plan: A few months before eligibility date
-residence -employment |
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What happens at the preliminary hearing stage?
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-documents
-rating scale -hearing officer recommendations |
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What happens at the parole board and hearing stage?
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-250 plus
-3 members -appt. by governer -hearing-inmate appears -factors in screening: offense, priors, social history, adjustment in prison, overcrowding,biases of parole board, politics/current events, budget. |
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What are the conditions of parole?
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-Report upon release
-Permission to leave the state -obey -no weapons -instructions -meet with po regulary -treatment |
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Why is parole far less common today?
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Determinant sentencing.
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What is flogging?
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Historical insidences of beating as people ran through the streets as punishment.
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What is mutilation?
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Torturing people as punishment, amputating hands of thieves, blinding spies, or castrating rapists.
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What is branding?
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Branding offenders so that future people would know who they were.
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What is public humiliation?
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Citizens would publically humilate offenders in public as a form of punishment.
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What are workhouses?
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An early form of imprisonment whose purpose was to instill habits of industry in the idle.
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What is exile?
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When societies banish criminals as form of punishment.
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What is the penitentiary prison era?
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1790-1825
An era of: penance and rehabilitation |
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What is the Mass Prison Era?
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1825-1876
-Incapacitation -Deterance -Silent system -Separation -Hard labor |
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What did the reformatory prison era entail?
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1876-1890
-Rehabilitation -Humane treatment -education and training -recidivism |
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What did the industrial prison era entail?
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1890-1935
-Incapacitaion -restoration-hard labor -contracts with the state and private businesses |
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What did the punitive prison era entail?
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1935-1945
-Punishment; retribution -Tough, hard time -maximum security -lock em' up philosophy |
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What did the treatment prison era entail?
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1945-1967
-rehabilitation -therapy -medical model -treatment |
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What did the community based prison era entail?
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1967-1980
-Restoration; rehabilitation -reintegration -deinstitutionalization -diversion-juveniles -decarceration -work release; half way house |
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What did the warehouse prison era entail?
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1980-1995
-Incapacitation -serious offenders -nothing works martison -prison overcrowding -manditory determinate -hard time |
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What did the just deserts prison era entail?
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1995-present
-individual -prison comforts-bye bye -punishment |
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What did the franzese prison era entail?
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Present-?
-Incapacitation; penance -elimination; isolation -rehabilitation -hard work; labor -punishment; just deserts -treatment -deterance; torture |
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What are the contributions of Alexander Maconochie to the history of prisons?
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Maconochie developed a system of marks through which prisoners could earn enough marks to buy their freedom--early form of earned early release.
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What are the contributions of Sir Walton Crofton to the history of prisons?
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Incorporated the idea of early release but in progressive stages.
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