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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anarexia nervosia
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has history of constantly trying to maintain minimal weight
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belumia nervosa
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chronic vomiting, laxatives, fainting may occur
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cause 1: cultural standards
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barbie dolls, advertising, family turbulance. werent encouraged to express feelings if something did happen to me, they'd be sorry
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Cause 2: family issues
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poverty, sexual abuse, fighting with family over food, strict abusive family members, low self esteem, want attention from mom
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cause 3: low self-esteeme
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i'm worthless. withdrawal, isolate
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causes of eating disorders
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1. cultural standards
2. family issues-domination, lack of communication 3. low self-esteem |
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growing up poor, nurse practicioner and african american boy
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judgemental, no empathy, imposing her views, no unconditional positive regard, back to client, no eye contact, uncomfortable room, no privacy, doesnt watch language rude. (made him read report card outloud)
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growing up poor: visiting nurses
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usefull suggestions, no back up for $, empathy, listened to clients concerns.
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growing up poor: kitty and Jeff
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small child, kittys in a wheelchair, eats junk, poor, las little money but when she gets it she buys junk food
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client centered approach
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Carl Rogers, 50's. Client is center of our work, non-directive-were not pushing you through counseling
1.clients have the right to select their own goals 2. People have enough insight to choose correctly-people can make good decisions. ingrediants 1. accepting atmosphere 2. supportive role (client and therapist) counselors role: genuine, be confident that you will bring change, accurate-dont make promises that you cant keep, understand patcients lifestyle-values and attitudes, dont treat patcients as objects-not just a case number. counselor should guide patcient through session, dnt amke definative statements, ask questions, like to clarify clients emotions, need to understand peoples fears, advoacte for empathy, client must take responsibility for their actions |
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Rogers
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1. counselor must bring to expression (concious) hostile attitudes
2. Help the client face feelings openly- bring homosexuals out of the closet 3. recognize feelings for what they are (reality check) 4. admit they have these feelings introduced unconditional positive reguard ****"Feeling tones" -wrote about feelings counsler needs to ge an idea of what the clients are feeling. Empathy, learn how they feel, no just how they say they . ****alter ego- he mirrored what the cleint was doing, cleint see their own bheavior, though the counslor they may change. |
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personality disorder
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on a continuum w/ normal behavior
sometimes hard to diagnose |
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obsessive-compulsive
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needs to alphabetize canned food.cant enjoy life "This is the way I am" Takes an hour in bahroom, needs to clean. dont see their bhavior as a cuase of their problems.
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narsastic personality
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problems with aging. wants to be perfect, self invovled. needs postivie self regard, dependent up how other precieved here. some allways had to be the star. shaky self esteem based on how she percieved the outside world viewed her
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frued
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psychosexual stages. oral, anal, phallic, genital. personltiy influenced by earlier tages. Problems caused by an inbalanced between id, ego, superego. psychoanalysis- some people were unanalyzable. tried to get people to bring out their subconcious fears. analyzing dreams.
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Kohort
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self is whole or damaged. studies narcisitc early relationships shapes later presonality.
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anti social personality disorder
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many are criminals--can be violent. behavior is against society. frequently abuse drugs and alcohol, this can lead to worse anti social. act as if they are not bound by rules. fighting, anti authority, characterized by lack of moral or ethical development, dont feel the same emotions as other humans, not empathetic.
causes: gang warfare, feelings of inadequitcy/inferiority,tough guy/chip on shoulder, childhood trama-molestation,borken families, seratonin is low, possibley hereditory pre-dispostition |
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borderline personality disorder
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experiences pain and remorse for their actions, anger, unpredicatbility, instability, self destructive behavior--self mutilation, prone to dysphoria- depression, rage, anxiety, distress, spillting defense-its either all good or all bad. childhood trama-incest, not good relationships
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group therapy
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have oppentunity to test out new behaviors
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3 most common psychoactive drugs
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alcohol, cocaine, nicatine
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physical dependence- cocaine
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body has adapted to drug, body withdraws when use is stopped with . cocaine used to be drug of elite, stimulates pleasure centers, prevents the reuptake of dopamine-creating an intense high, damanged lungs if smoked, heart problems, weight loss.
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alcohol--
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black outs occur. shut friends and family off, strong relationship between crime and violence. anxiety, depression, job loss, peer pressure can cause it. biology,psychology, and environment.
disease model-biology, heredity psychological-addictive personality, coping esponse, escape, very common among american indians. |
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nicatein
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causes emphazeyma, lung cancer,strokes. more addictive than alcohol
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treatment of substance abuse
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1. detox
2. maintenance treatment matching |
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adler
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wanted to be a doctor, face to face, 1 on 1 counseling to help with trust. wanted clients to discover their problem solving skills.
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rogers
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let clients choose their approach, didnt force them to pick a certain solution to their problem
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Rohlamy
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discus different stages of development. focus on motives. counseling in the present. you must focus on the here and now
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Glasser
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relaity therapy- focuses on the present insted of the past. pysical and psychological needs. focus on things you can control not things you cant. ventura school for girls. mental illness results from a persons inability to fill a need.
2 major needs: 1. give and recieve love 2. feel worthwhile |
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glassers reality therapy procedures
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1. involvement- difficult b/c therapist needs a firm relationship and emotional relatinmship w/ the client. know cleint will test our sincerity.
under involvement- reject person thinking about past. reject behavior that is unrealistic, counsler should refuse to acknowlege a persons sympathy. therapists must teach a person better ways to make a choice, therapsist must be responsible, patcient is no longer allowed to evade recognizing their responsibility. suggested we develop a written contract. |
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bandura
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behavior modifycation. punishment/pleasures. increase good behavor, decrease bad behavior.
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why group counseling
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1. sharing interpersonal relationships by discussing emotional and physical problems with others expressing the same. 7 people
2. can be used to asses the support or lack a client can be expected to recieve in society 3. can gather help from family and friends 4. reduced cost-personnel, time |
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Life of a group
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1. explanation and oreintation.
2. conflict- generally passes 3. integration need to be liked 4. working alliance- communication open trust devleops, make friends outside of group 5. termination- session ends or a member leaves. |
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more relaity therapy
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we are more concerned with behavior than clients opinions.-focus on the here and now.
2 we point out unrealistic behavior-reshape goals 3 we rarely ask why- implies there are reasons or excuses. resons lead to excuses...what are you doing about it now. 4. teach that the therapy is not primarily directed to make him/her happy-equitable solutions. |
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methodology for reality therapy
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1. discussion should focus on the clients present life
2. we alk about his/her abmornal behavior when ever possible.- they might not recognize that its inappropriate 3. we talk about his/her interests (interests, hopes,fears, opinions, values) get to know them 4. we are interested in the client as a person w/ wide potential not a person with problems 5. discussions should be open -outcomes of discussions- a. tests the opinon of the therapist b. gets a feeling of self worth- they get to talk w/ somebody and work out their prolems. as therapy continues-stress cleints good points and how they can be expanded last phase relearning, learns better ways to behave. |
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office of nationa drug control- principals of treatment
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no single treatment is appropriate for all people
treatments need to be readily availiable effective treatment includes support systems put in educational programs, find a job treatment programs need to be flexable/modifyable keep people in treatment until they are better individual counseling just as effective as group medical detoxifycation is only the first stage does not need to be voluntary to be effective drug use during treatment should be monitered daily recovery can be a long term process, treatment should be monitered daily, recovery can be a long term process, suing different treatments. |
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behavior modifycation
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It involves some of the most basic methods to alter human behavior, through operant reward and punishment. Classical conditioning, which aims to affect changes in behavior through associations between stimuli and responses, can also be a component of behavior modification, but it is generally less useful in applied settings because it focuses solely on basic involuntary reactions to stimuli and not on conscious learning associated with a behavior's function or context.
Strictly following behavioral principles, there is no analysis of the individual's thoughts, but many argue that the therapy can be improved with cognitive components |
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rational emotive.
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teaches individuals to examine their own thoughts, beliefs and actions and replace those that are self-defeating with more life-enhancing alternatives. places a good deal of its focus on the present: on currently-held attitudes, painful emotions and maladaptive behaviors that can sabotage a fuller experience of life. REBT also provides people with an individualized set of proven techniques for helping them to solve problems. provides a variety of methods to help people reformulate their dysfunctional beliefs into more sensible, realistic and helpful ones. solution-oriented therapy which focuses on resolving emotional, cognitive and behavioral problems in clients. assumes that humans have both rational and irrational tendencies. Irrational beliefs prevent goal attainment, lead to inner conflict, lead to more conflict with others and poor mental health. Rational beliefs lead to goal attainment and more inner harmony. In other words rational beliefs reduce conflicts with others and improved mental health.
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