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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What kind of jurisdictional authority does the US immigration and customs have?
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They seize contraband including: narcotics and farm produce, counterfeit foods; process baggage and persons at borders; and enforce immigration laws.
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What kind of jurisdictional authority does the US immigration and customs have?
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They seize contraband including: narcotics and farm produce, counterfeit foods; process baggage and persons at borders; and enforce immigration laws.
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What are the top five priorities of the F.B.I-of the ten identified in the text?
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1) Rigorous obediance of the constitution
2) Respect for the dignity of those we protect 3) Compassion 4) fairness 5) uncompromising integrity in those we protect |
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What are the nine professional police principles?
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1) prevention of crime
2) Full respect for all citizens 3) Citizens must respect the law in order to respect the police 4) Cooperation of public decreases as the use of force increases 5) Police must render partial enforcement of the law 6) Physical force is used as a last resort 7) The police are the public and the public are the police 8) Police represent the law 9) The absense of crime and disorder is the test of police efficiency |
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What is the largest category of law enforcement agencies?
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State and local.
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What times, days of the week, and situations are police killed most often?
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Most likely to bee killed from 6pm-midnight,on Friday nights, and during arrest situtations.
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What are the characteristics of murdered police and their assailants?
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Mostly white males, in their 30's.
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What is the weapon most frequently used to kill police?
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Firearms.
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What is the Kansas City Experiment?
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The first large-scale scientific study of law enforcement practices. Sponsored by the Police Foundation, it focused on the practice of preventative patrol.
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What is scientific police management?
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The application of social science techniques to the study of police administration for the purpose of increasing effectiveness, reducing the frequency of citizen complaints, and enhancing the efficient use of available resources.
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What was the Wikersham commission?
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The national commission on Law Observance and Enforcement. In 1931, the commission issued a report stating that Prohibition was unenforceable and carried a great potential for police corruption.
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What was the Knapp Commission?
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A committee that investigated police corruption in New York City in the early 1970s.
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What was the Mollen Commission?
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Crooked police, using funds for their own personal needs instead of using them for police needs etc.
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What is directed patrol?
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A police-management strategy designed to increase the productivity of patrol officers through the scientific analysis and evaluation of patrol techniques.
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What are exemplary police projects?
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An initiative, sponsored by the law Enforcement Assistance Administration, designed to recognize outstanding, innovative efforts to combat crime and to provide assistance to crime victims.
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What are the five basic elements of the police mission?
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1) Enforce and support the laws of society
2) Investigate crimes and apprehend offenders 3) prevent crime 4) Help ensure domestic peace 5) Provide the community with law enforcement services |
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What is the Watchman Style of policing?
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Focuses on:
-Order maintenance -Informal policing -Effective with family disruptions (Discretion) -Older heterogenous cities |
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What is the legalistic style of policing?
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Focuses on:
-Arrest are frequent -All events are viewed as crime fighting--arest the old man etc -Police work-not social work -city manager system-based on efficieny and making arrests |
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What is Service style policing?
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Focuses on:
-image -judged by interactions -informal -less likely to arrest |
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What are some criticisms of community style policing?
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- Difficult to define
- Difficult to measure -Police conflicts over their roles |
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What is Police management?
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The administrative activities of controlling, directing, and coordinating, police personnel, resources, and activities in the service of preventing crime, apprehending criminals, recovering stolen property, and performing regulatory and helping services.
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What are line operations?
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In police organizations, the field activities or supervisory activities directly related to day to day police work.
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What are staff operations?
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In police organizations, activities (such as administration and training) that provide support for line operations.
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What is Chain of command?
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The unbroken line of authority that extends through all levels of an organization, from the highest to the lowest.
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What is span of control?
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The number of police personnel or the number of units supervised by a particular commander.
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What is response time?
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A measure of the time that it takes for police officers to respond to calls for service.
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What is a Criminal investigation?
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The process of discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying, and presenting evidence to determine what happened and who is responsible when a crime has occurred.
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What is a preliminary investigation?
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All of the activities undertaken by a police officer who responds to the scene of a crime, including determining whether a crime has occurred, securing the crime scene and preserving evidence.
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What is a Crime scene?
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The physical area in which a crime is thought to have occurred and in which evidence of the crime is thought to reside.
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What is police discretion?
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The opportunity for police officers to excercise choice in their enforcement activities.
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What is police professionalism?
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The increasing formalization of police work and the accompanying rise in public acceptance of the police.
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What is the Bill of Rights?
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The popular name given to the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, which are considered especially important in the processing of criminal defendants.
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What is a Landmark case?
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A precedent-setting court decision that produces substantial changes in both the undertaking of the requirements of due process and the practical day to day operations of the justice system.
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What is Illegally seized evidence?
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Evidence seized without required to the principles of due process as described by the Bill of Rights. Most illegally seized evidence is the result of police searches conducted without a proper warrent or of improperly conducted interrogations.
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What is the Exclusionary rule?
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The understanding, based on US Supreme Court precendent, that incriminating information must be seized according to to constitutional specifications of due process or it will not be allowed as evidence in a criminal trial.
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What is the Good faith exception?
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An exception to the exclusionary rule. Law enforcement officers who conduct a search or who seize on the basis of good faith (that is, when they believe they are operating according to the dictates of the law) and who later discover that a mistake was made (perhaps in the format of the application for a search warrent) may still provide evidence that can be used in court.
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What is Probable cause?
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A set of facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonably intelligent person to believe that a particular other person has committed a specific crime. Also, reasonable grounds to make or believe an accusation. Probable cause refers to the necessary level of belief that would allow for police seizures of individuals and full searches of dwellings, vehicles, and possessions.
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What are Miranda Triggers?
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The dual principles of custody and interrogation, both of which are necessary before an advisement of rights is required.
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What are the six responses of police departments to terrorism?
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1) Strengthening liaisons with federal, state and local agencies, including fire departments and other police departments.
2) Refining their training and emergency response plans to address terrorist threats, including attacks with weapons of mass destruction. 3) Increasing patrols and shoring up barriers around landmarks, places of worship, ports of entry, transit systems, nuclear power plants and so on 4) More heavily guarding public speeches, parades, and other public events 5) Creating new counterterrorism divisions and reassigning officers to counterterrorism from other divisions, such as drug enforcement 6) Employing new technologies including X ray like devices to scan containers at ports of entry and using sophisticated sensors to detect a chemical, biological, or radiological attack. |
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What are the five core operational strategies of the police?
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1) Homeland security proposals must be developed in a local context, acknowledging that local, not federal, authorities have the primary responsibility for preventing, responding to, and recovering from terrorist attacks.
2) Prevention, not just response and recovery, must be paramount in any national, state or local security strategy, For too long, federal strategies have minimized the importance of prevention, focusing instead on response and recovery. 3) Because of their daily efforts to combat crime and violence in their communities, state and local law enforcement officers are uniquely situated to identify, investigate, and apprehend suspected terrorists. 4) Homeland security strategies must be coordinated nationally not federally. 5) A truly successful national strategy must recognize, embrace and value the vast diversity among state and local law enforcement and public safety agencies. A one size fits all approach will fail to secure a nation. |
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What are some influences that effect police discretion?
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-Background of officer
-Characteristics of subject -Department policy -Community interest -Pressure from victims -Disagreement with the law -Available alternatives -Personal practices of officer |
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What are some of the factors in the recruitment and selection of police, such as educational requirements?
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-Training in human relations, firearms safety, communications, legal aspects of policing, criminal investigation, administration, report writing, and criminal justice training.
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What is the representation of minorities and women in police work?
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-Women make up 12.7%
-Minorities make up 11.7% |
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What is the case of Escobedo v. Illinois-1964 about?
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-Recognized the right to have legal counsel present during interrogation.
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What is the case of Miranda v. Illinois-1966 about?
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Created the need for the rights of due criminal advisement of criminal suspects by the police before questioning begins.
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What is the case of Weeks v. U.S.-1914 about?
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Demonstrated the Supreme Courts power to enforce the "rules of the game" as well as much more significant role that it plays in rule creation.
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What are the two main details of the Plain view doctrine?
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-The officer who seized the evidence was in the viewing area lawfully
-The officer had probable cause to believe that the evidence was somehow associated with criminal activity |
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What are the three things that give the okay for emergency searches of property?
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Dangers to:
-Life -of escape -of the removal or distruction of evidence |
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What is the philosophy of the warren court?
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-Created a course that would guarantee nationwide recognition of individual rights, as it understood them, by agencies that all levels of the criminal justice system.
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What was the philosophy of the Burger court?
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-The Court adhered to the principle that criminal defendants who claimed violations of their due process rights need to bear most of the responsibility of showing that police went beyond the law in the performance of their duties---Focuses on social order and communal safety.
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