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146 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Renaissance
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"rebirth", rediscovery of past
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humanism
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"if you are given a brain use it"
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condottieri
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mercenary soldiers
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Florence
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most important city (in Italy) of Renaissance
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Lorenzo de Medici
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peasant that became duke of Florence, self-proclaimed duke by military force
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Venice
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small empire/city run by merchants guild
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Milan
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self-proclaimed ruler of Venice
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vernacular
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common language (change from only latin)
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classics
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classic works of literature
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Dante (Alighieri)
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wrote the Divine Comedy
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Francesco Petrarch
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poet, wrote sonnets
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sonnets (to Laura)
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romantic sonnet by Petrarch
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Giovanni Boccacio
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wrote prose, "Decameron"
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Decameron
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prose about plagues
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Erasmus
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wrote in several languages, "In Praise of Folly"
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In Praise of Folly
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states how perfect the world is, then criticizes
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Niccolo Machiavelli
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wrote history of Florence and "the Prince"
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The Prince
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guidelines for ruling, amorality (no good or bad, just if it works)
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Geoffrey Chaucer
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wrote Canterbury Tales
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Thomas More
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wrote Utopia, a catholic martyr
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Utopia
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idea of a perfect society
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Francois Rabelais
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wrote Gragantua, party attitude
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Gargantua
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comical story reflecting human attitude
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Miguel de Cervantes
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wrote Don Quixote
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William Shakespear
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wrote Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet
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Palestrina
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musician
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Giotto
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Quattrocento painting, three dimensional, "achieved resurrection of painting from dead", painted believable humans
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Sandro Botticelli
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painter, shows emotion, combines pagan mythology with Christian faith
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Lorenzo Ghiberti
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sculpturer/architect, "Gates of Paradise"
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High Renaissance
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inherited techniques, instruments, polyphony (many voices)
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Leonardo de Vinci
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expert in engineering, math, architecture (Mona Lisa, Last Supper)
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Raphael
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perfect design, portrait of Modanna
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Michelangelo
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sculptor, architect, painter (David, St. Paul's Cathedral, Sistene Chapel)
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music
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Gregorian Chant
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Palestrina
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music composer
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Johannas Gutenberg
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reinvinted printing press
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scriveners
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writers, against printing
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Nicolas Copernicus
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concluded sun is center of universe
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sacraments
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steps to being saved
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Eucharist
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communion
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relics
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object for religion
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indulgences
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removes the penalty of sin
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Martin Luther
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attained degrees by age 17, decides faith is salvation
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Wittenberg
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city with university ML taught at
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John Tetzel
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sold indulgences to rebuild cathedral
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Ninety-Five Thesis
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created by Luther to reinforce ideas
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Diet of Worms
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assembly to disapprove Luther
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Fredrick of Saxony
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bartered for Luther's life
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consubstantiation
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communion remains bread and wine but are still sacred and have a holy presence
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Peace of Augsburg
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treaty settled Catholics vs. Lutherin, rulers choose religion
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Uldrich Zwingly
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disagrees with substantiation
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John Calvin
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wrote "Institutes of Christian Religion"
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predestination
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nobody is worthy of salvation
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Catherin of Aragon
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marries Arthur then Henry VIII
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Mary Tudor
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daughter of Henry and Catherin
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Anne Boleyn
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second to marry Henry, beheaded
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Cardinal Wolsey
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attempts to support Henry VIII
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Act of Supremecy
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declares Henry VIII head of the church
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Elizabeth
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daughter of Anne Boleyn
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Jane Seymour
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third to marry Henry, has son, dies during labor
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Edward VI
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son of Jane, becomes king at 11 and dies at 17
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Thomas Cranmer
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archbishop of canterbury, writes "Book of Common Prayer"
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Mary Tudor "Bloody Mary"
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queen of england, restores catholicism, persecutes protestants, marries Philip II to unite Spain
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Pope Paul III
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ended the sale of indulgences
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Loyola
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former Spanish soldier, had a vision of intellectual army for catholics
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Jesuits
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loyal to the pope, intellectual catholics
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Inquisition
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court held to specifically identify heretics
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Council of Treat
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concluded protestants are heretics
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Habsbergs
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ruled Spain and Holy Roman Empire, made the land potentially Catholic
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Charles V
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rules Spain and Holy Roman Empire, 1st Habsberg
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Philip II
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son of Charles V, fought protestants by force
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Netherlands
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protestant land, good navy
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William of Orange (the silent)
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king of Netherlands
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Valois
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ruling family of France, moderate Catholics
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Huguenots
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French protestants
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Guise
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French extreme Catholics, sided with Philip II
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St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
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massacre of protestants in France
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Henry Bourbon
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leader of protestants, king of France, converts to catholicism for polical purposes
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Edict of Nantes
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written by Henry Bourbon, granted protestant tollerance
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Elizabeth (Virgin Queen)
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queen of england, great ruler, never marries
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Mary Stuart (queen of scots)
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next in line to english throne, marries king of france, king dies, becomes queen of scotland, executed for treason
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Spanish Armada
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"invincible", large naval fleet, defended by england
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Thirty Years War
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religious war, international war won by Sweden and France
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Bohemia
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protestant area
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Ferdinand II
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catholic, becomes ruler of Bohemia
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Gustave Adolphus
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swedish king, helped lead protestants
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Cardinal Richilieu
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ruler of France, aids protestants for political reasons
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Peace of Westphalia
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end 30 years war
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Iberia
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spain and portugal
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caravel
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european ship, strong for sailing
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scurvey
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disease on ships caused by lack of vitamin C
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Marco Polo
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travels from italy to china and writes book
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prince henry the navigator
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portugal explorer, began explorations
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Bartholomeo Diaz
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passes around africa, names cape of good hope
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Vasco da Gama
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navigates to idia, becomes rich
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Cabral
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accidentally discovers Brazil
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San Salvador
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first island found by columbus
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Amerigo Vespucci
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con artist/map maker, named America
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Vasco de Balboa
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first to walk across panama canal
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John Cabot
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english explorer to america, shipwrecked
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Magellan
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navigates through south america (cape of magellan), first to sail around the world
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Juan d'el Cano
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captain of magellan's crew after his death
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conquistadors
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spanish explorers/conquerers
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Hernando Cortes
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conquistadore, overthrows aztecs
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Francesco Pizarro
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conquistadore, overthrows incas
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viceroy
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minor king in americas
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cabildos
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council
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peninsulares
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people sent from europe
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creoles
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born in america but of european descent
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mestizos
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mix europeans/indians
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encomienda
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form of involuntary labor, similar to slavery
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slavery
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directed towards a race (Benin, Kongo), began by portugese
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Dutch
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held colonies in the east indies and cape of good hope (begins white settlement in south africa)
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Jacques Cartier
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sailed river and laid french claims to canada
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Samuel de Champlain
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established Quebec
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English
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settled in Newfoundland, established Jamestown in 1607
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puritans
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radical protestants settled in masachusetts
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Timur the Lame
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Mongul, "erases" much of the gunpowder region
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Steppe Frontier
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"gunpowder" region
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Mehmet
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conquers Constantinople, ends Roman Empire
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Istanbul
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Constantinople
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Suleiman the Magnificent
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greatest Ottoman ruler
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sultan
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Islamic emporer
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pashas
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secondary rulers to sultans
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janissaries
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army of slaves, not orginally muslim
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harem
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women's quarters
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Gunpowder Empires
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Ottoman, Safavid, Monghul
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Osman
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founded Ottoman empire
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Safi al-Din
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founded Safavid empire
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shah
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Safavid ruler
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Ismail
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shah, shi'ite leader, gives shi'ites control of Persia
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Abbas the Great
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greatest Safavid ruler
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Babur the Tiger
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founds Monghul empire
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Akbar
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conquerer, believed in total religious tolleration
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Shah Jahan
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built Taj Mahal, creates conflict with hindus
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Taj Majal
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memorial for Jahan's wife
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Yaun Dynasty
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Mongul dynasty
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Hong wu
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led Ming Dynasty, ex buddist monk
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Ming Dynastly
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made porcelains famous
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Mancha Dynasty
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last Chinese dynasty
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Choson Dynasty
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takes over after Koryo family (korea)
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shogun
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general, ruler for the emporer in japan
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kamakaze
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"divine wind", stops Chinese invasion
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Father Xavier
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missionary sent to Japan
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Outlaws foreigners to enter
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Toyatomi and Tokugawn
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Pure Land Sect
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japan is sacred
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