Civilization

Front 1

Shang Dynasty

Back 1

2nd dynasty, 1750 BC, took over fairly large piece of territory.
The king was central to society and survival.
During this period we see the rising of a military
Development of bronze work in China for a longf time, one of their main exports.
Experiment with social organization, the way society is organized, basically stayed same throughout all Chinese history.
The Shang continued what came out out of the Xia, that society was ordained.

Front 2

Mandate of Heaven

Back 2

Doctrine- the divine above has to be king, divine kingship

Front 3

Chou Dynasty

Back 3

1050, Kings ship was hereditary
Nobles could only marry nobles
771 BC The collapse of the western and more development of eastern

Front 4

Western and Eastern Chou

Back 4

western probably collapsed because of nomads
Could say the China develops in reaction of nomadic/settled interaction.
771 BC widespread introduction of iron.
Collapses around 481 BC

Front 5

Hsiung-Nu

Back 5

Famous philospher, wrote the art of war.
Handbooks on how to farm, logic, rationalizing of Chinese culture, etc.

Front 6

Confucius (K’ung-fu-tsu)

Back 6

Important at the end of Chou dynasty.

Front 7

Analects

Back 7

Students wrote down Confucius' teachings in this thing.
Confucius' viewpoint was looking into a different path for a source of information.
Looked at the Shang and Chou and set it up as a golden age.
He deconstructs why the present was so bad and what happened to the past.
Had to do with a breakdown in harmony.

Front 8

“li”

Back 8

This breakdown is known as this, philiopiety (devotion of son to father).
this is – the core of all social relations has been lost (no more respect to elders).
Anyone can develop li and cultivate it, these people are the noble ones.
The only people that have knowledge of li are the aristocrats.
A virtuous gov't will create virtuous society.
Confucius comes to be the most important philosopher in Chinese history.

Front 9

Mencius (Meng Tsu)

Back 9

Argued that all human beings are prone to do good. Through the process of education is the way the good comes out. Those who are bad have not been educated.
The purpose of gov't is to maximize purpose and well being.
Should a gov't fail to do this things, rebellion is justified.

Front 10

Lao-tse

Back 10

He lived in 400 BC

Front 11

Taoism

Back 11

represented as a mysterious cosmic force, prevades all things but no one can describe it.
Everything you see around you is in constant motion.
Good and evil are human constructs, and that morality and law are not necessarily good.

Front 12

Hippias

Back 12

son of Peisistratus.

Front 13

Cleisthenes

Back 13

was a radical change in democracy, allows people to make more decisions.

Front 14

Ionian Revolt

Back 14

499-Revolt against the Persian Empire.
Miletus, city of Persia, revolts against Persian. Athens lead them. 498 took everything from Sardis and burned it down.
495- Persians show up and crushed revolution. 494- Miletus is done.
In 490, Darius I attacked Greeks planning on taking over

Front 15

Battle of Marathon

Back 15

10,000 Greeks versus 25,000 Persians. Greece was victorious.

Front 16

Battles of Thermopylae

Back 16

Salamis- 480, turning point in the Persian War.
Plataea - 479, Persians came close to winning but Greece overcame and Persians bailed.

Front 17

Delian League

Back 17

An alliance of Greek communities and Athens
Sparta and allies didn't trust this league and eventually waged war.

Front 18

Pericles

Back 18

The dominant figure in Athens (465-429).

Front 19

Second Peloponnesian War

Back 19

434, Pericles dies when a plague falls on Athens.

Front 20

Cleon

Back 20

replaced Pericles. He was a vicious leader. Took over Spartan soldiers in 425.
Brasidas- revolted against Athens.

Front 21

Nicias

Back 21

opponent of Cleon, sent him to battle

Front 22

Battle of Amphipolis

Back 22

Forces lead by both Brasidas and Cleon clashes, both leaders died.
Nicias tries to negotiate peace.

Front 23

Alexander the Great

Back 23

Came to power in 336 BC at 18 years old. Gained control over Greece again, united them, and take over the Persian empire (334-323 BCE)

Front 24

Battles of Granicus

Back 24

First battle with Persians, went his way.
Succeed through the science of legalistics (supplying an army with everything, tools, money, power). Issus Gaugamela - Decends down into Babylon, then Persia. (330)

Front 25

Ptolemy I

Back 25

general under Alexander the Great who became ruler of Egypt (323 BC—283 BC) and founder of both the Ptolemaic Kingdom and the Ptolemaic Dynasty

Front 26

Seleucus I

Back 26

Macedonian officer of Alex the Great. Established the Seleucid dynasty which was the last of Alex's former empire.

Front 27

Antigonus Gonatus

Back 27

powerful ruler who firmly established theAntigonid dynasty in Macedonia and acquired fame for his victory over the Gauls who had invaded the balkans.

Front 28

Publius Cornelius Scipio

Back 28

Africanos, 202 BCE Battle of Zama

Front 29

Second Macedonian War

Back 29

200-197, Philip V Flaminus

Front 30

Antiochene War

Back 30

190 Antiochus III, these wars bring a large number of slaves and cultural practices

Front 31

Third Macedonian War

Back 31

171-167 Perseus, hero of the day is Aemilius Paulus

Front 32

Perseus

Back 32

264-133 Middle Republic of Rome
133-44 Late Republic-
General – Tribune of the people – Army
111-105 Jugurthinelder War. Won by a guy named Marius
Marius maintains power in the council for a long period of time.
Mithridates VI- Assassinated most of his family members. Spoke a total of 21 languages.

Front 33

Gaius Marius

Back 33

General who reformed his Roman amries

Front 34

Lucius Cornelius Sulla

Back 34

83-81, Sulla and his enemies (Marius) attack one another. Defeats his political enemies, and the Senate proclaims him dictator for life so the enemies never came back again. He reorganized the Roman state.
Retires in 79 BC.

Front 35

Gnaeus Pompey

Back 35

Sulla's right hand man, hailed as a great hero, but the way he acquires power is outside the constitution.
Came to power at age of 23, during the civil war between Sulla and his enemies, he showed up with thousands of men and commanded them, taking sides with Sulla. Became known as an imperator, a man with great success. Decides to run for council ship and is overwhelmingly elected. Dominates political situation, very vicious.

Front 36

Gaius Julius Caesar

Back 36

These two men along with Pompey worked together for power, creating the first triumvirate.

Front 37

First Triumvirate

Back 37

These three politicians control Roman politics for the next 10 years. Were very wealthy and powerful (made about 1.5 billion)
From 58- 52, Pompey's star begins to fade and Caesar's begins to rise.
Asked for power, didn't get it so marched down to Italy for civil war.

Front 38

Civil Wars (49-45 BC)

Back 38

The Roman people liked Caesar, so Pompey ended up having to flee Italy. Caesar takes Rome in a matter of weeks.
The battle of Pharsalus in 48, Pompey is destroyed, flees to Egypt, and is immediately assassinated.

Front 39

Cato the Younger

Back 39

attempted to kill himself with a sword, was saved, then ripped himself open again.

Front 40

Military Emperors years

Back 40

235-284,

Front 41

Aurelian

Back 41

Stopped the wars and helped the Roman Empire regain power
270-273, restored empire
Mithras 501- one of the god's worshiped by during the war.
Assassinated in 276

Front 42

Diocletian/Tetrarchy

Back 42

284- preserved and reshaped the empire
having 2 Augustus with 2 Caesars as "assistants"

Front 43

Constantine I

Back 43

empire didn't need one empire, it needed two. Augustus I and Augustus II, each of them have a Caesar.
When one dies, another is renamed. Constantine destroyed the system because he took reign instead of another Caesar. Because of this, civil war breaks out

Front 44

Christianity/Middle Ages

Back 44

Movement began in middle east, religious alternative to the status quo. When the church appealed to educated class, it changed (language and message). Pervaded Roman society (40% of population was Christian.

Homoousia → the Christian understanding of God as Trinity.
homoiousia → that Jesus the Son and God the Father are of similar but not the same substance, led to the death of thousands of people

Front 45

Alaric/Sack of Rome

Back 45

410- Alaric was commander of army, demanded to be married to sister to take control.
476 – end of Roman rule and beginning of Germanic Rule.

Front 46

Byzantine Empire years

Back 46

480-1453

Front 47

Merovingian Dynasty years

Back 47

450-760

Front 48

Battle of Tours

Back 48

472- Charles the Hammer won,

Front 49

Fredrick Barbosa

Back 49

came to power in 1150
tried to take city in italy, sent a powerful message to get them to surrender. Captured people and slit throats. The city people tore germans apart limb by limb. Germans took city children and shot them and destroyed towers.