Civil War Test

Front 1

Battle of Shiloh

Back 1

20,000 troops had been killed or wounded, more in any battle up to that point. Bloodiest battle in American history at it's time.

Front 2

Winfield Scott

Back 2

General-in-Chief of the United States. Designed the Anaconda Plan.

Front 3

Robert E. Lee

Back 3

Commanded the Confederate Army.When Virginia declared its secession from the Union in April 1861, Lee chose to follow his home state, despite his personal desire for the Union to stay intact and despite the fact that President Abraham Lincoln had offered Lee command of the Union Army.

Front 4

Atlanta

Back 4

The city of Atlanta, Georgia, was an important rail and commercial center during the American Civil War. The city became a critical point of contention during the Atlanta Campaign in 1864 when a powerful Union army approached from Federally-held Tennessee. four-month siege mounted by Union General William Sherman, and ordered all public buildings and possible Confederate assets destroyed. The fall of Atlanta was a critical point in the Civil War, giving the North more confidence (helped Lincoln get reelected)

Front 5

Bull Run

Back 5

P.G.T. Beauregard – led Confederate troops to 25 miles south of DC near Manassas Junction, an important railroad center in northern virginia (Union approved an attack on these forces)
“Stonewall” Jackson – Thomas J. Jackson became known as after Bull Run, because he stood like a stone wall

Front 6

Henry Wirz

Back 6

Commandant at Andersonville, became the only person executed for war crimes during the Civil War.

Front 7

Union

Back 7

Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the 20 free states and five border slave states.

Front 8

Attrition

Back 8

the wearing down of one side by the other through exhaustion of soldiers and resources – played a critical role as the war dragged on

Front 9

Mathew Brady

Back 9

was one of the most celebrated 19th century American photographers, best known for his portraits of celebrities and his documentation of the American Civil War.

Front 10

David Willis

Back 10

He was principal figure in the establishment of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. As a result of his efforts, the Gettysburg Address was given by Abraham Lincoln. Wills was Lincoln's host while in Gettysburg, and the Gettysburg Address was completed in Mr. Wills' home

Front 11

Gettysburg

Back 11

Turning point of the war in the west. Took place the same time as Vicksburg. Bloodiest battle of Civil War. Pickett's charge called by Longstreet. George Meade and Union defeat Confederates.

Front 12

Antietam

Back 12

Bloodiest day in Civil War. 23,000 casualties. McClellan could have destroyed Lee's army but he let the Confederates slip away. Lincoln was upset. First major battle on Union soil.

Front 13

George McClellan

Back 13

Ordered to lead the Union army to the east after General McDowell's failure at the First Battle of Bull Run. Relieved of duties after failure to crush Confederate Army. Always overestimated the enemy in front of him. Let Confederates escape after Antietam.

Front 14

Vicksburg

Back 14

Ulysses S. Grant’s armies converged on Vicksburg, investing the city and entrapping a Confederate army under Lt. Gen. John Pemberton. On July 4, Vicksburg surrendered after prolonged siege operations. This was the culmination of one of the most brilliant military campaigns of the war. With the loss of Pemberton’s army and this vital stronghold on the Mississippi, the Confederacy was effectively split in half. Grant's successes in the West boosted his reputation, leading ultimately to his appointment as General-in-Chief of the Union armies.

Front 15

Anaconda Plan

Back 15

Winfield Scott proposed a strategy for defeating the South. Scott suggested that the Union blockade Confederate ports and send gunboats down the Mississippi to divide the Confederacy. South once separated would gradually run out of resources and surrender.

Front 16

Washington DC

Back 16

As capital of the United States, the federal district of Washington, D.C., became a significant civilian leadership, military headquarters, and logistics center during the American Civil War. Defending the capital became a major priority of the War Department, and often dictated military strategy.

Front 17

South Carolina

Back 17

First state to secede from the Union. First shots of Civil War shot in Charleston, SC. Fort Sumter taken by Confederates. Started the four year struggle between Union and Confederacy.

Front 18

Fort Sumter

Back 18

First shots of the Civil War took place here in Charleston, SC. Confederacy took Fort Sumter from Union.

Front 19

George Meade

Back 19

Replaced Joseph Hooker and took command of the Union army. Led the Union Army in Gettysburg where they defeated the Confederates.

Front 20

Gettysburg Address

Back 20

Became one of the best known orations in American History. Presented by Abraham Lincoln.

Front 21

20th Maine

Back 21

Commanded by Colonel Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain. Fought the most dramatic downhill bayonet charge. Halted and captured a good portion of the 15th Alabama.

Front 22

Ulysses S. Grant

Back 22

Commanded the Union Army. General-in-Chief of Union Army. Caused Lee to surrender at Appomatox Court House.

Front 23

Ambrose Burnside

Back 23

Replaced McClellan and took command of the Union army. Joseph Hooker replaced Burnside after 12,000 Union casualties at Fredericksburg.

Front 24

James Longstreet

Back 24

He was one of the foremost Confederate generals of the American Civil War and the principal subordinate to General Robert E. Lee, who called him his "Old War Horse." His most controversial service was at the Battle of Gettysburg, where he disagreed with General Lee on the tactics to be employed and reluctantly supervised the disastrous infantry assault known as Pickett's Charge.

Front 25

William Sherman

Back 25

Led the March to the Sea. March through Georgia destroyed everything of military importance. Responsible for "Sherman Neckties" destroyed rail lines by heating the rails and twisting them into snarls of steel.

Front 26

Richmond

Back 26

Richmond, Virginia, served as the capital of the Confederate States of America during the vast majority of the American Civil War. It was the target of numerous attempts by the Union Army to seize possession of the capital. The Tredegar Iron Works, sprawling along the James River, supplied high-quality munitions to the South during the war. The company also manufactured railroad steam locomotives in the same period. Tredegar is also credited with the production of approximately 10,000 artillery pieces during the war which was about half of the South's total domestic production of artillery between the war years of 1861–1865. Siege of Petersburg the Confederacy lost Richmond to the Union.

Front 27

Election of 1864

Back 27

Abraham Lincoln was re-elected as president. The election was held during the Civil War. Lincoln ran under the National Union ticket against Democratic candidate George B. McClellan, his former top general. McClellan ran as the "peace candidate", but he did not personally believe in his party's platform. Although the only votes counted were those cast in states that had not attempted to secede from the Union, elections were held in the Union-occupied states of Louisiana and Tennessee, with Lincoln carrying both.

Front 28

Appomattox Courthouse

Back 28

Lee surrendered to Grant ending the Civil War. Lee, having abandoned the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, after the Siege of Petersburg, retreated west, hoping to join his army with the Confederate forces in North Carolina. Union forces pursued and cut off the Confederate retreat. Lee's final stand was at Appomattox Court House.

Front 29

Joshua Chamberlain

Back 29

Led 20th Maine Regiment.

Front 30

George Pickett

Back 30

Virginia Division. Under orders he and his 12,500 men led a charge known as Pickett's Charge. They were met by fierce Union artillery.

Front 31

Siege

Back 31

the act or process of surrounding and attacking a fortified place in such a way as to isolate it from help and supplies, for the purpose of lessening the resistance

Front 32

Stonewall Jackson

Back 32

Thomas J. Jackson became known as after Bull Run, because he stood like a stonewall (became one of the most effective commanders in the Confederate Army)

Front 33

Andersonville

Back 33

most infamous prison in the south located in the southwest Georgia (was an open camp with no shade or shelter for it's huge population)

Front 34

Sherman's March to Sea

Back 34

Sherman began on November 15, 1864. His troops cut a path of destruction through Georgia that was in places 60 miles wide. Ransacked houses, burned crops, and killed cattle. By December 21, 1864 they had reached the coast and had seized the city of Savannah.

Front 35

Terms of Surrender

Back 35

Grant guarenteed that the United States would not prosecute Confederate soldiers for treason and told Lee to their horses home and to put in a crop to carry their them and their families through the next winter.