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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why did the founding fathers want a representative democracy rather than a direct democracy?
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They didn't think the people were educated enough to vote on important bills and they wouldn't be able to understand them. They wanted experts!
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What is federalism?
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The division of power between the states and the national government with the national government's laws being superior to state laws.
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When did the Bill of Rights start to apply to the states?
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With the the 14th Amendment, which said that "no state can take away the rights of its citizens."
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What did the Missouri Compromise say?
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It allowed Missouri into the Union as a slave state and Maine in as a free state. It also made an imaginary line across the Louisiana territory. Slavery was banned North of this line except for in Missouri. Slavery was permitted South of this line.
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Why was the Missouri Compromise made?
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It was made because Missouri asked for statehood as a slave state. Northerners rebuked this request and Southerners wanted to grant this request.
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What did the Compromise of 1850 say?
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It said that California could be admitted to the Union as a free state and the territories of New Mexico and Utah would be territories open to slavery. The Compromise also banned the selling of slaves in Washington D.C. It also called for a strong fugitive slave law.
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Why was the Compromise made?
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It was made because Congress was in a deadlock on whether to admit California as a free or slave state.
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Why did Congress accept the Compromise?
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They wanted to avoid war.
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How did the Fugitive Slave Law lead to a breakdown of the Compromise?
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Under the law, runaway slaves had almost no rights if they were captured in free states. Northerners refused to enforce the law and Southerners didn't think the law did enough to ensure that their property was returned. The Northerner's refusal to enforce the law enraged Southerners.
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How did Uncle Tom's Cabin lead to a breakdown of the Compromise?
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It turned millions of Northerners into abolitionists. The horrors of slavery were described in this novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
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How did the Kansas-Nebraska lead to a breakdown of the Compromise?
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The bill created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska. What enraged Northerners is Stephen Douglas' bill scrapped the Missouri Compromise by saying that the settler's themselves could vote on whether the territories were to be slave or free states. This policy is called "popular sovereignty," or rule by the people. This created bloodshed in Kansas because abolitionists and Southerners moved to Kansas to cast their votes. This quickly turned violent with raids.
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What was the Dred Scott Case?
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A slave, Dred Scott, had traveled to Wisconsin, which was a free state. When he returned to Missouri he took his case to the Supreme Court saying that his time in Missouri made him a free state.
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What was the Supreme Court's decision?
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Their decision enraged Northerners. They said that because Dred Scott was black, he was therefore not a full citizen and didn't have the right to bring his case before the Supreme Court. They also decided that he was not free because the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional because it took property away from slave owners. That violated the 5th Amendment.
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What was John Brown's Raid and how did it lead to a breakdown of the Compromise?
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John Brown planned to seize the federal arsenal, where weapons/ammunition was stored in Charleston, Virginia. He was going to use these weapons to arm slaves and help them lead a rebellion. All of his men were captured/killed and he was hanged. Northerners viewed Brown as a hero and this made Southerners tense.
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What are the reasons other than slavery that lead to the Civil War?
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1. States Rights vs. a strong national government.
2. Tariffs on foreign goods. 3. Aristocracy vs. merit based society |
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Who was Henry Clay?
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Henry Clay was a Representative from Kentucky who made the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. It is said that if he had lived longer, he might have prevented the Civil War.
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Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe?
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She wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin after a vision in Church where she witnessed a saintly slave be beaten to death by his evil master, Simon Legree. The vision evolved into a longer story that was scorned in the South and turned millions in the North into abolitionists.
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Who was Stephen Douglas?
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Lincoln first ran against Douglas for a position in the Senate. Douglas won. Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois was behind the Kansas-Nebraska Act. he was also one of the the four contenders for presidency in 1860. He ran against Lincoln again.
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Who was Roger Taney?
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He was the Chief Justice on the Supreme Court during the Dred Scott Case. He was from the South but opposed to slavery. However, he still decided against Dred Scott.
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How many people owned slaves in the South?
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25%
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What percentage of people made a profit off of slavery?
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less than 2%
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What were the strengths of the North at the beginning of the Civil War?
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1. Had a larger pop. (22 million vs. South 9 million, 4 mil. were slaves)
2. They were richer and more technologically advanced. 3. More farms to provide food for troops. 4. Most of the iron, coal, copper, and gold was in the North. 5. Controlled the seas 6. Had a large railroad system to transport troops. 7. Abraham Lincoln 8. Had 90% of manufacturing and banks |
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What were the North's weaknesses?
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1. Had poor military leadership.
(1/3 of officers went back to their homes in the South at the beginning of the War) |
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What were the South's strengths?
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1. The North had to conquer all of the South.
2. North had to have a larger Navy to block Southern ports 3. They were fighting defensive war (fight harder) 4. HAD GREAT MILITARY LEADERSHIP 5. Didn't have to attack |
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What were the South's weaknesses?
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1. Had a poor economy
2. Had few factories to produce necessary supplies (weapons) 3. Couldn't import items from Europe b/c their ports were blockaded. 4. Didn't have a good railroad system so it was hard to transport troops. |
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What was the North's strategy?
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Ananconda Plan
1. Blockade the Southern ports 2. Take the Mississippi RIver to cut the South in two. 3. Take Richmond 4. Keep border states fighting for them |
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What was the South's strategy?
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It was very similar to Washington's during the Revolutionary War
1. Drag out the war 2. Get an ally 3. Make north invade (defensive war) 4. Make bold moves |
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What happened at the Battle of Bull Run?
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Rose Greenhow, a prominent widow in Washington, managed to sneak a message to the Confederacy of Northern plans to take Richmond. The two armies met at a small town on the way to Richmond called Manassass. Union victory seemed certain at the beginning but the Virginians led by Stonewall Jackson, held strong. When reinforcements for the South cam, the Confederates charged and the Union troops fled back to Washington.
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Why was this battle important?
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It convinced the North that this wouldn't be short war and Lincoln and his Generals planned for a long war.
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When was the Civil War?
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1861-1865
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What happened at the Battle of Antietam?
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General Robert E. Lee sent his troops across the Potomac River into the border state of Maryland. He hoped that this exhibit of strength would convince Maryland to join the Confederacy. In September, 1862, General McCellan's Union troops met Lee's. Confederates were badly outnumbered and pulled back to Virginia. It was technically a Union victory but those who fought in the War thought it was a defeat for both sides because of the staggering amount of casualties.
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Why was Antietam important?
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It was enough of a victory to give Lincoln the confidence to pass the Emancipation Proclamation.
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What happened at the Battle of Gettysburg?
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Lee invaded the North again in the Summer of 1863. 90,000 soldiers, lead by General C. Meade, met the 75,000 Confederate soldiers west of Gettysburg. First Lee tried to find weak spots in the Union lines and on the third day Lee ordered an attack led by George Pickett. The South lost 23,000 men and the North lost 17,500. Lee lost 1/3 of his army and he had to go back to Virginia.
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Why was Gettysburg important?
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From that point on, Lee only fought a defensive war.
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What happened at the Battle of Vicksburg?
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Vicksburg was hard to capture and easy to defend. It was located on a bluff above the mississippi river. General Grant battled his way to Vicksburg in May 1863. The Confederates ran low on food and supplies and surrendered on July 4, 1863.
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Why was the Battle of Vicksburg important?
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By capturing Vicksburg, the Union now controlled the Mississippi River.
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What happened with Sherman's march to the Sea?
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William Sherman burned Atlanta to the ground in Sept, 1864. Then Sherman marched his army through Georgia, destroying everything valuable. Sherman captured Savannah, GA in December 1864. He turned North and destroyed opposition in the carolinas. He marched 425 miles in 50 days when he reached Roleigh, North Carolina, and prepared for the final attack on Richmond.
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What happened at the Siege of Petersburg?
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Grant battered Lee's army for nine months at petersburg, which they had to capture to get to Richmond.
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When did Lee surrender?
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April 9, 1865
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What were the new realities of the war?
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Improved weapons made killing much easier and doctors were not able to diagnose and cure soldiers of diseases from their new weapons. More soldiers died of diseases rather than wounds.
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What did the Emancipation proclamation do?
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It made the war about slavery and encouraged African Americans and Northerners to lift up their spirits
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What was the opposition on the Union home-front?
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Some northerners opposed the war because they were sympathetic to the Confederate cause and were interested in peace not saving the Union or end slavery.
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What were scalawags?
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White Southerners who supported the federal government under the Civil War.
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What were carpet-baggers?
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Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War to make money and gain political power.
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