Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
237 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What were the advantages for the North in the Civil war?
|
-Twice the population
-80% of all industry -An organized and established govt. |
|
|
What were the advantages for the South in the Civil war?
|
-Superior military leadership
-Fighting on their home soil -Fighting for a cause they believed in -Fighting a defensive war |
|
|
What were the types income differences between the North and the South?
|
North- businesses, factories, agricultures
South- mostly agriculture |
|
|
What were the difference of literacy rates between the North and the South?
|
North-90% of whites were literate
South- 50% of whites were literate Meaning they could read a newspaper and understand it |
|
|
What was the difference in thoughts on technology between the North and the South?
|
North- favored it- always wanted to become more advanced
South- against it- wanted things to stay the same |
|
|
What were the attitudes of the North and the South toward each other before the Civil war?
|
North- felt the South was backwards and immoral
South- felt that the North was always picking on them -Leave us alone |
|
|
Who was elected President of the Confederacy in 1861?
|
Jefferson Davis
|
|
|
Where was Jefferson Davis born and where did he grow up?
|
Born in Kentucky, family moved to Mississippi when he was a child and lived on a plantation
|
|
|
Where did Jefferson Davis graduate from?
|
West Point
|
|
|
When and who did Jefferson Davis marry?
|
In 1835 to Zachary Taylor's daughter, but she died a few month's later
|
|
|
When was Jefferson Davis elected to the House of Representatives?
|
1845
|
|
|
When did Jefferson Davis serve in the Mexican war under Taylor?
|
1847
|
|
|
When and why was Jefferson Davis appointed to U.S. senate?
|
1847 because former Senator died
|
|
|
What did Jefferson Davis do in 1850?
|
He openly opposed the Compromise of 1850 and resigned from the Senate
|
|
|
What did Jefferson Davis do in 1853?
|
He was appointed Secretary of War under Pierce
He reorganized the army and brought new infantry tactics and weapons |
|
|
When was Jefferson Davis elected to the Senate and what was his stance?
|
1857, he opposed the Freeport Doctrine and Douglass running for president
He defended states rights and slavery in the territories. |
|
|
What happened in 1860?
|
Lincoln becomes President and Mississippi seceded
Davis resigned from Senate and hoped to become Commander of the Confederate Army |
|
|
When was Jefferson Davis elected President of the Confederacy?
|
1861
|
|
|
|
Had problems raising money, states only gave what they felt was necessary
|
|
|
What happened to Jefferson Davis in 1865?
|
The Confederacy was defeated and Davis was thrown in prison for treason for 2 years but he never stood trial
|
|
|
When and where did Jefferson Davis die?
|
In 1889 in New Orleans
|
|
|
When and where was Robert E. Lee born?
|
In 1807 in Stratford, Virginia
|
|
|
Where was Abraham Lincoln born and where did he grow up?
|
Born in Kentucky but family moved to Illinois when he was young
Family was poor |
|
|
Describe Abraham Lincoln's education
|
He was self- educated, he never went to school because his parents couldn't afford it
|
|
|
What was Lincoln's political experience?
|
-Illinois Legislature from 1834-1842
U.S. Representative 1847-1849 Lawyer Most powerful President up to that time Many consider him to be the best president in U.S. history |
|
|
Describe Robert E. Lee's family
|
Father was an assistant to Washington, but left his family
Mother taught him to look up to Washington Grandfather was Richard Henry Lee |
|
|
Where did Robert E. Lee graduate from?
|
West Point in 1829- 2nd in his class
Became an engineer in the army |
|
|
Why was Robert E. Lee considered a perfect Southern gentlemen
|
He did not smoke, drink , or use profane language
|
|
|
Who was Robert E. Lee married to?
|
Mary Custis, Martha Washington's great- granddaughter
They had 7 children |
|
|
What did Robert E. Lee do in 1847?
|
Served under Winfield Scott in the Mexican War
Was admired for his excellent decisions and bravery |
|
|
What happened to Robert E. Lee in 1852?
|
He was named Superintendent of West Point
For 3 years he trained some of the officers that served under him in the Civil War-Jeb Stuart |
|
|
When was Lee named commander of the Virginia Militia?
|
1855
|
|
|
When did Lee capture John Brown at Harper's Ferry?
|
1859
|
|
|
What happened to Lee in 1861?
|
He was asked by Lincoln to be the commanding General of the Union Army
|
|
|
Why did Lee turn down Lincoln for the position of Commanding General of the Union Army?
|
He did not want to fight against his relatives or his home state of Virginia
He did not believe in slavery or secession |
|
|
What happened to Lee in 1865?
|
The war was over and Lee was not a citizen or allowed to hold public office
He sent his Oath of Allegience to the U.S Govt. to regain his citizenship but the letter was lost. |
|
|
When and how was Lee's citizenship restored?
|
In 1970, an employee of the National Archives found the Oath
In 1975, his full citizenship was restored by Congress |
|
|
What happened to Lee in 1866?
|
He was named the President of Washington University in Lexington, Virginia.
He urged Southerners to forget their bitterness towards the North The size of the school grew because of Lee's popularity |
|
|
When did Lee die and where was he buried?
|
In 1870 and was buried in the Chapel at Washington and Lee University.
|
|
|
What is the Chapel that Lee was buried in known as?
|
"The Shrine of the South"
|
|
|
When and where was Ulysses S. Grant born?
|
In 1822 in Point Pleasant, Ohio
Actual name was Hiram Ulysses Grant |
|
|
What happened to Grant in 1839?
|
He was appointed to West Point because a neighbors son had left the Academy
|
|
|
Why did Grant's name get changed?
|
When he was appointed to West Point a Congressman wrote his name as Ulysses S. Grant and it never got changed
|
|
|
How did Grant perform at West Point?
|
He graduated toward the bottom of his class
He hated the discipline of the military and liked to drink, smoke, and use rough language |
|
|
What happened to grant in 1847?
|
Served under Winfield Scott in the Mexican War and won praise for his bravery.
|
|
|
When and who did Grant Marry?
|
Julia Dent in 1854, she was cross-eyed which was known as a thing of beauty
|
|
|
What happened to Grant in 1854?
|
He was stationed in California, which separated him from his family, so he resigned from the army
|
|
|
What did Grant do from 1854-1860?
|
Tried farming(once owned a slave) and tried being a store clerk
Failed at both and was poor during this time |
|
|
When did Grant return to the army?
|
1861, he returned as a Colonel
|
|
|
What did Grant do in 1879?
|
Returned from a journey in the Far east to live in Galena, Illinois
|
|
|
When did Grant start receiving strong support to run for a 3rd term as president
|
1880
|
|
|
What did Grant do in 1881?
|
Invested his entire life savings into a banking firm that his son was part of, but the firm went bankrupt
|
|
|
What did Grant do from 1883-1885?
|
Wrote his memoirs while living in Mt. McGregor, NY
He wanted to restore his family's fortune before he died |
|
|
What were Grant's memoirs about?
|
They are a vivid account of his dealings in the Civil War and as President.
They were published by Mark Twain and his family made over $500,000 |
|
|
When did Grant die?
|
He died July 23, 1885 and is buried in New York City
|
|
|
What was probably the biggest advantage for the South?
|
The confederate Generals
|
|
|
What state were all but one of the Confederate Generals from?
|
Virginia
|
|
|
Which Confederate General was not from Virginia?
|
Longstreet, he was from South Carolina
|
|
|
Where did all of the Confederate Generals graduate from?
|
West Point
|
|
|
What army did Robert E. Lee command?
|
The Army of Virginia
|
|
|
Who was Lee's best friend and top assistant?
|
Thomas "stonewall" Jackson
|
|
|
When was "Stonewall" Jackson born and what kind of childhood did he have
|
Born 1824 and was an orphan
|
|
|
Why did "stonewall" Jackson walk to Washington D.C.?
|
To talk to a Congressman who helped him get appointed to West Point.
|
|
|
When and how did "stonewall" Jackson die?
|
He was accidentally shot and killed by one of his own men at Chancellorsville in 1863.
|
|
|
Who was James Ewell Brown Stuart?
|
He was a Confederate General who atteded West Point while Lee was Superintendent.
|
|
|
When was James Ewell Brown Stuart born?
|
1833
|
|
|
What was James Ewell Brown Stuart known for?
|
He was in charge of Lee's Cavalry and was known as the "Eyes and Ears of Lee's Army"
|
|
|
When and where was Ewell Brown Stuart killed?
|
Spotsylvania in 1864
|
|
|
When was James Longstreet born and what was his job?
|
Born in 1821 and he was in charge of Lee's artillary(cannons)
|
|
|
What did Longstreet do after the war?
|
He criticized Lee after the war an was considered a traitor when he joined the republican party
|
|
|
When was John Mosby born and what did he do in the war?
|
Born in 1833 and he led hit and run attacks with about 100 men for Lee's Army.
|
|
|
Why were Mosby hit and run attacks considered to be?
|
Guerilla tactics were considered more psychological warfare on the Union Army
|
|
|
When and where did the Civil War start?
|
April 12-14, 1861 at Fort Sumter.
|
|
|
What was Fort Sumter?
|
A union fort in South Carolina
|
|
|
How did the Civil war start?
|
Lincoln gave orders to send supplies to Fort Sumter at night and the South attacked the Fort.
|
|
|
After Fort Sumter what did Lincoln and Davis do?
|
They both called for volunteers that would serve for three months.
|
|
|
What were the final four states to secede after the war had started?
|
Arkansas, Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina
|
|
|
What were border states?
|
Slave states that remained loyal to the Union
Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and Missouri |
|
|
What happened to the state of Virginia during the war?
|
A part of the state refused to secede and in 1863 became the State of West Virginia
|
|
|
When did the first major battle of the civil war take place?
|
Battle of Bull Run in Manassas on July 21, 1861.
|
|
|
Why was the town of Manassas important?
|
Confederate troops occupied the town, it was an important RR center connected with Richmond and it was only 25 miles from Washington D.C.
|
|
|
Who led the Union Army at Bull Run?
|
General McDowell led 37,000 soldiers
|
|
|
How many soldiers did the Confederate Army have at Bull Run?
|
Only 22,000 but another 10,000 arrived around 4:00 p.m.
|
|
|
Where did the two armies meet at the battle of Bull Run?
|
In a field next to Bull Run Creek (about the size of the Scioto River)
|
|
|
Who else arrived to the battle of Bull Run?
|
Many spectators, including some Congressmen and their families. They planned on watching the battle from a nearby hill.
|
|
|
What were the tactics of the armies at the battle of Bull Run?
|
Both armies used Napoleonic tactics due to the inaccurate weapons
|
|
|
Which army was showing signs of success early in the battle of Bull Run?
|
The Union army because the Southern army started to retreat
|
|
|
What changed in the middle of the battle of bull run?
|
Thomas Jackson earned his nickname as "Stonewall" by rallying the Southern troops and they held like a stonewall
|
|
|
What were the conditions at the battle of bull run?
|
The heat was above 95 degrees causing extreme exhaustion
The south marched all night and caused the Union troops to give up |
|
|
What happened when the union troops gave up?
|
They threw down their weapons and started to retreat, moving towards the spectators
The army and spectators were headed towards one bridge The soldiers pushed the spectators out of the way and the Confederate army shelled the bridge |
|
|
What were the results of the battle of Bull Run?
|
Southern Victory- causualties- South-2,000 North-2,900
Both sides realized this would be a long war McDowell is fired and replaced by George McClellan-specialized in training and army and added discipline Lincoln asks for more volunteers-500,000 sign up for 3 years, another 500,000 will sign up in 1863 |
|
|
Who was George Armstrong Custer?
|
Youngest U.S. General
|
|
|
What was the Union's 3 part strategy after the battle at Bull Run?
|
1. Blockade all Southern Ports
2. Take control of the Mississippi and Tennessee Rivers-divide the South 3. Take Richmond as soon as possible |
|
|
What was the Union Army called?
|
"Army of the Potomac" -over 700,000 men in the Union Army in 1861
|
|
|
In January of 1862 which Union General won a series of small battles in Tennessee?
|
Ulysses S. Grant
By February he captured Nashville and was promoted to Major General |
|
|
When was the Battle of Shiloh?
|
April 6-7, 1862
|
|
|
What was Shiloh?
|
A church on the Tennessee River
|
|
|
Who led the Confederates at Shiloh?
|
Albert Johnson and Beauregard led 40,000 troops
|
|
|
Who led the Union troops at Shiloh?
|
Sherman led 33,000 troops on the first day and Grant arrived on April 7th with 25,000 "fresh" troops
|
|
|
How did the battle at Shiloh start?
|
Confederate troops attacked the Union camp at dawn and forced Sherman to retreat
The fighting was very intense with the Union in serious trouble |
|
|
How did the battle of Shiloh end?
|
When the additional Union troops showed up the Union went on the offensive and defeated the Confederates
|
|
|
Why was Grant criticized after the battle of Shiloh?
|
For not attacking the South immediately after the battle
|
|
|
What were the casualties from the battle of Shiloh?
|
North- 13,700
South- 10,700 The battle is referred to as "Bloody Shiloh" |
|
|
What else happened in April of 1862?
|
The Union captured New Orleans and had control over the mouth of the Mississippi River
|
|
|
Who was the Union commander who captured New Orleans in April 1862?
|
David Farragut
|
|
|
When was the 7 days Battle?
|
June 26-July 1, 1862
|
|
|
Describe the Commanders and Armies during the 7 days Battle
|
Union- 130,000 men led by George McClellan- very slow and cautious
South-90,000 men led by Robert E. Lee- very risky, but intelligent |
|
|
Why did the Union have to leave their additional 40,000 men in Washington during the 7 days Battle?
|
Stonewall Jackson was leading raids up and down Shennandoah Valley and there was fear he would attack Washington
|
|
|
What happened during the 7 day battle?
|
McClellan slowly captured Yorktown and Williamsburg and was right outside of Richmond
|
|
|
How did McClellan's slow procedure help the South?
|
It gave Jackson time to return and help Lee defend the Confederate Capital
|
|
|
What was Stuart's Ride?
|
When McClellan attacked Richmond Lee sent Stuart and the cavalry around to attack McClellan from the rear
|
|
|
What were the major battles of the 7 days battle?
|
June 26-Mechanicsville
June 27-Gaines' Mill June 29- Savage Station June 30- Glendale July 1- Malvern Hill |
|
|
What were the casualties of the 7 days battle?
|
North- 16,500
South-20,000 |
|
|
What were the results of the 7 days battle?
|
-The Union loses the battle by being driven away from Richmond
-McClellan is fired when he returned to Washington because he should have attacked again (replaced by John Pope) -The North is very depressed -Pope is a hated man in the South -Union forces move into Manassas because left unprotected due protecting Richmond |
|
|
Which was the first ironclad ship?
|
C.S.S. Merrimack- confederate wood ship that was covered with sheets of iron (also known as the Virginia)
Looked like a big floating barn The first ship to use exploding shells |
|
|
What was the U.S.S. Monitor?
|
Specially built as an ironclad ship (Union). Sat very low on the water - looked like a submarine- had a revolving turret
|
|
|
What happened on March 8, 1862?
|
Merrimack went into the Norfolk harbor and destroyed 3 wooden ships
|
|
|
What happened on March 9, 1862?
|
Monitor went out and met the Merrimack and they fought for 3 hours to a draw
|
|
|
What happened to the Merrimack?
|
Scrapped and sunk by the Confederacy , so it would not be captured by the Union
|
|
|
What happened to the Monitor?
|
It was overturned and sunk in a storm
|
|
|
What was H.L. Hunley?
|
The first submarine to ever sink a ship
|
|
|
How did the H.L. Hunley get its name?
|
A wealthy Southerner donated money to build the sub so it was named after him
|
|
|
What was the H. L. Hunley built out of?
|
an old boiler
|
|
|
How did the H.L. Hunley operate?
|
1. Could let water into tanks to cause it to sink then hand pumps were used to pump the water back out to rise
2. 8 men would operate cranks ( similar to bike pedals) which would allow the sub to reach a top speed of 3mph 3. would dynamite connected to it by a 200ft. rope, go under a ship and the dynamite would explode when it hit the bottom of the ship |
|
|
Where did the Confederates test the H.L. Hutley?
|
Charleston Harbor
|
|
|
What happened on the H.L. Hunley first test run?
|
1st run, let water in tanks too fast and sub sank and stuck in mud at bottom of harbor and 8 men died
|
|
|
What happened on the H.L. Hunley 2nd test run?
|
Let the water into one side faster than the other, sub turned on its side and sank - 6 men died
|
|
|
What happened on the H.L. Hunley 3rd test run?
|
Not sure what happened but for some reason the crew panicked and all 9 men died- including Hunley
|
|
|
What happened on the H.L. Hunley 4th test run?
|
A wave hit it before they could get the little window shut and 4 men died
|
|
|
What happened on the H.L. Hunley 5th test run?
|
Not sure what happened but the sub sank and all 9 men died
|
|
|
What were the results of all the H.L. Hunley test runs?
|
A total of 36 men died on test runs
They still decided to use it for real |
|
|
Which ship did the Confederates try to sink with the H.L. Hunley?
|
The U.S.S. Housatonic
|
|
|
What change did they make to the Hunley to attack the Housatonic?
|
They put the dynamite on the front of the sub, connecting it with a long pole
|
|
|
What happened when the Hunley hit the Housatonic with the dynamite?
|
They went after the ship at night
they hit it right in the magazine, blowing a 10ft. hole in the side and sinking ship in 4 minutes The pole was not long enough and scattered the Hunley all over Charleston Harbor Killed 10 of the enemy |
|
|
When was the 2nd battle of Bull Run?
|
August 29-30, 1862
|
|
|
What happened at the 2nd battle of Bull Run?
|
1. Lee returns to take Manassas
2. Lee attacks from the front while Jackson comes from behind 3. Lee's army defeats Pope 4. Jackson takes over Manassas |
|
|
What were the casualties at the 2nd battle of Bull Run?
|
North- 14,500
South - 9,500 |
|
|
What happened to Pope after the 2nd battle of Bull Run?
|
He was replaced by McClellan because Pope had 75,000 men while Lee only had 40,000
|
|
|
When was the battle of Antietam?
|
September 17, 1862
|
|
|
Why did Lee want to invade the North? |
1. To get the fighting out of Virginia
2. He wanted to get money support from Europe 3. He also hoped to capture Maryland so he could surround Washington D. C. |
|
|
How did the battle of Antietam start?
|
Lee sends a messenger with a copy of his plans to attack the North to Jackson but the messenger lost the plans(were wrapped in 3 cigars)
McClellan's men finds the plans and he catches up with Lee at Antietam Creek |
|
|
Where is Antietam Creek?
|
Just outside Sharpsburg, Maryland
|
|
|
What happened at the battle of Antietam?
|
McClellan had Lee trapped against the Antietam Creek with 70,000 men to Lee's 39,000
McClellan loses 12,300 men while Lee loses 13,700 (over 1/3 of his troops) |
|
|
Why was Antietam the 12 bloodiest hours in U.S. history?
|
Twice as many men died at Antietam than at the War of 1812, the Mexican War, and the Spanish American War Combined!
four times the casualties of D-Day. |
|
|
What happened after Antietam?
|
1. The south did not get help from Europe
2. Lincoln decides to write the Emancipation Proclamation 3. McClellan is fired for not following up his victory- replaced by Ambrose Burnside |
|
|
When was the battle of Fredericksburg?
|
December 12, 1862
|
|
|
What happened at the battle of Fredericksburg?
|
1. Burnside attempts to surprise Lee by moving quickly towards Richmond- he's successful
2. He is delayed though because the army has not supplied him with the equipment to build a Pontoon bridge to cross the Rappahonnick River |
|
|
What happened because of Burnside's delay at the Rappahonnick River?
|
Lee has his army dug into the hills outside of Fredericksburg and has placed snipers in the building
Burnside has lost the advantage but tries to take on Lee anyway |
|
|
What was the result of the battle at Fredericksburg?
|
Burnside- 106,000 men- 12,500 casualties
Lee - 72,000 men - 5,000 casualties Burnside is fired and replaced by "fighting Joe" Hooker |
|
|
What happened January 1, 1863?
|
Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation
|
|
|
What is the Emancipation Proclamation?
|
States that all slaves in the Confederate States were free
It now became a war to end slavery The border states were allowed to keep their slaves because they wanted to keep them in the union |
|
|
When was the battle of Chancellorsville?
|
May 1-4, 1863
|
|
|
What happened at the battle of Chancellorsville?
|
1. Hooker wanted to take Richmond (too confident, underestimated Confederate Army)
2. Lee split his army because he heard Hooker had a weak point along his right flank 3. Lee sent Jackson around Hooker's right side, tactic very successful 4. Jackson was accidentally shot by one of his own men as he rode up behind them at dusk |
|
|
What were the casualties of the battle at Chancellorsville?
|
North-73,000 men - 17,000 casualties South- 60,000 men- 13,000 casualties
Lincoln fires Hooker and replaces him with George Meade -June 28,1863 |
|
|
When was the Battle of Gettysburg?
|
July 1-4, 1863
|
|
|
Why was the Battle of Gettysburg Lee's last ditch effort?
|
inflation blockade and the seige on Vicksburg were all taking their toll on the South
Lee has taken a great deal of crticism for this strategy but he felt invincible |
|
|
Why did Lee want to invade at the battle of Gettysburg?
|
1. Make the North more anti-war- draft riots in New York City
2.Loosen Grant's grip on Vicksburg 3. Get support from England |
|
|
Why did Lee take his troops into Southern Pennsylvania?
|
Rumors were running wild, neither army was exactly sure where the other was
|
|
|
Why did Lee take his army to Gettysburg?
|
Because rumors there and his troops needed shoes
|
|
|
What were the size of the armies at Gettysburg?
|
Meade- 85,000 men- his army entered from the South
Lee- 65,000 men - his army entered from North |
|
|
Where did the battle of Gettysburg take place?
|
It began in town but soon moved to the cemetery and the hills and fields outside of town
|
|
|
Which areas did the armies occupy during the battle of Gettysburg?
|
Union occupied the hills outside of town
South occupied the valley |
|
|
What was Lee's strategy for the battle of gettysburg?
|
He wanted to attack the Union even though the Union had the strategic advantage
Longstreet and Ewell both disagreed with Lee's plans |
|
|
What happened July 1-2 at Gettysburg?
|
Longstreet and Ewell's attacks were not well coordinated and there was a lack of enthusiasm from the troops
|
|
|
What happened on July 3rd at Gettsyburg?
|
Ewell's flank is being attacked and Lee decided to take one last chance.
He sent George Pickett and 15,000 men to attack the Union forces up on Cemetery Ridge After 20 minutes of hand to hand combat "picket's charge" was broken |
|
|
What happened after "Pickett's Charge" was broken?
|
Lee 's army retreated and were preparing for an attack to come on July 4th but Meade did not attack, so Lee's army escaped back to Virginia
|
|
|
Why was Lincoln furious that Meade did not attack Lee's army when they were retreating?
|
They might have been able to end the war at this point
Meade accepted full blame and offered his resignation to Jefferson Davis but it wasn't accepted |
|
|
What were the casualties at Gettysburg?
|
North-23,000 men
South- 28,000 men-the wagon train to carry the wounded was 17 miles long |
|
|
What were the results of the battle at Gettysburg?
|
1. Turning point of the war
2. The South was never strong enough again to go on the offensive |
|
|
When was the siege on Vicksburg?
|
May-July, 1863
|
|
|
What were the reasons for the siege on Vicksburg?
|
1. The Union wanted total control over the Mississippi River.
2. Vicksburg was very important strategically, because it was up on high cliffs and there was great visibility from the city |
|
|
What happened at Vicksburg?
|
The Union army surrounded the city and did not allow anything to go into or out of the city for 42 days
Civilians were starving and ate mules, horses, dogs, and rats to stay alive |
|
|
How did the siege on Vicksburg end?
|
On July 4, 1863 John Pemberton (the Confederate Commander) surrendered to Grant.
The city of Vicksburg did not celebrate the 4th of July for 81 years |
|
|
What were the results of Vicksburg?
|
1. The Confederacy was now divided-Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana were separated from the rest of the south
2. The Union now has total control of the Mississippi River |
|
|
What was Lincoln's statement in regards to the Union having control over the Mississippi River?
|
"Now the father of waters flows unvexed"
|
|
|
When did the recruitment of African Americans for the Union army start?
|
August 1862
Lincoln was publicly in favor of this by early, 1863 African Americans were only allowed to do hard physical labor at first |
|
|
When were the first African Americans ordered into battle?
|
May, 1863
|
|
|
What was the Massachusetts 54th?
|
The first all African American regiment
|
|
|
Who was the Commander of the 54th regiment?
|
Robert Shaw (wealthy white man from Boston)
|
|
|
Which battle did the Massachusetts 54th fight? |
Battle of Fort Wagner
|
|
|
Where was Fort Wagner?
|
It guarded the harbor of Charleston, S.C.
|
|
|
What happened to the Massachusetts 54th at Fort Wagner?
|
They led the attack on Ft. Wagner and suffered extremely high casualties ( about 80%)
The battle demonstrated the bravery and courage that African American soldiers could bring to the Union |
|
|
How many more African American regiments were added to the Union army?
|
By Oct.,1863 there were 58 and by the end of the war there were 166.
|
|
|
How were African Americans discriminated against in the Union army?
|
1. Salary
2. Poor health care 3. Fewer than 100 were promoted as officers and none were higher than captain |
|
|
How did the South treat the African American Union soldiers
|
They threatened that any captured A-A soldiers captured would be put to death or put back into slavery
Lincoln replied that any time this happened a Confederate soldier would be killed in return |
|
|
How did the African American soldiers salary differ from the other soldiers?
|
African American private was paid $10 a month
White private was paid $16.50 a month |
|
|
How did the health care differ for the African American soldiers
|
19% of African American soldiers died of disease
9% of white soldiers died of disease only 8 African American doctors in the Union Army |
|
|
How many African American soldiers were there in the Union Army?
|
About 180,000 soldiers and 20,000 sailors.
|
|
|
When was the battle of Chickamauga?
|
September 18-19, 1863
|
|
|
What does Chickamauga mean?
|
It's an Indian word that means "River of death"
|
|
|
What was the reason for the battle at Chickamauga?
|
The Union had advanced from Tennessee into Georgia and the Confederacy was fighting for survival
|
|
|
What happened at Chickamauga?
|
The fighting was even in a heavily wooded area and one of Thomas's assistants could not see part of the army and reported a hole in the Union line so Thomas ordered his men to close a non-existent hole.
The South won and pushed the Union back into Tennessee |
|
|
What were the casualties at Chickamauga?
|
North- 63,000 men- 16,200 casualties
South- 57,000 men- 18,400 casualties |
|
|
When were the battles of Chattanooga?
|
November, 1863
|
|
|
What happened at the battle at Lookout Mountain?
|
1. Grant took over for Rosecrans and the Union Army took a better attitude
2. Union forces in valley, Southern army up on the mountain 3. Union army advanced up the mountain and were successful because fog limited the Confederates view down the mountain |
|
|
What happened at the battle of Missionary Ridge?
|
1. Union troops are again in the valley and start to advance up the ridge without orders from commanding officers.
2. They are successful because Confederate cannons are on level ground on top of mountain and the cannon balls fly over the union army |
|
|
What happened in March of 1863?
|
Lincoln named Grant the Commander of all Union forces.
|
|
|
Why is Grant named the Commander of all Union Forces?
|
1. The success that he had in the West.
2. He is different from the other Union Generals. 3 He constantly attacks Lee |
|
|
When was Grant's march on Richmond?
|
May-June 1864
|
|
|
when and where was Grants first attack on Lee?
|
May 3-7, 1864
The Wilderness (Virginia) |
|
|
What were the casualties at the Wilderness?
|
Grant- 119,000 men - 15,000 casualties
Lee- 64,000 men - 8,000 casualties |
|
|
When did Grant attack Spotsylvania?
|
May 9-19, 1864
|
|
|
What were the casualties when Grant attacked Spotsylvania?
|
Grant- 90,000 men- 17,000 casualties
Lee - 50,000 men -9,000 casualties Jeb Stuart was killed at Spotsylvania |
|
|
When did Grant attack Cold Harbor?
|
June1-12, 1864
|
|
|
What happened when Grant attacked Cold Harbor?
|
This was only 10 miles away from Richmond but Grant couldn't break through Lee's lines.
The fighting was extremely bad , 7,000 Union soldiers died in less than 30 minutes |
|
|
What were the casualties when Grant attacked Cold Harbor?
|
Grant -108,000 men - 7,000 casualties
Lee - 59,000 men - 1,500 casualties |
|
|
What did Lee do after Cold Harbor?
|
He retreated to Petersburg (just outside Richmond) and remained there for the rest of 1864.
|
|
|
What was Grant's strategy?
|
Attack straight ahead, knowing that Grant would lose more men than Lee but also knowing that he could replace them easier.
The South is running out of men |
|
|
When was Sherman's march to the Sea?
|
September- December, 1864
|
|
|
What was Sherman's goal?
|
He left from Lancaster, Ohio and wanted to take his army through Georgia, destroying everything in sight to break the Southern spirit in Georgia.
|
|
|
What happened on September 2, 1864?
|
Sherman's army captured Atlanta
Then they cut a 50 mile wide path to the sea, burning everything in sight- he wanted to teach the South a lesson |
|
|
What happened December 12, 1864?
|
Sherman's Army captured Savannah
He then marched his army North to help capture Richmond |
|
|
What are Sherman's actions an example of?
|
One of the first examples of Total War in World History.
Phillip Sheridan (from Thornville, Ohio) does the same thing to Shennandoah Valley |
|
|
What was Andersonville Prison in Georgia used for?
|
A Confederate prison used for Union P.O.W's
It was built and opened in 1864 |
|
|
How many prisoners were held at Andersonville
|
It was built to hold 10,000 but eventually held about 33,000 at one time
|
|
|
What were the conditions like at Andersonville?
|
1. The prisoners were not provided any shelter, which led to spread of disease.
2. The stream that ran through andersonville was used as both a sewer and for drinking water 3. There was little food and medical treatment for the prisoners |
|
|
How many prisoners died at Andersonville?
|
13,700
|
|
|
Who was the only man executed after the war for war crimes?
|
Commandant Henry Wirz
|
|
|
Who were the candidates in the election of 1864?
|
Republican - Lincoln
Democrats - McClellan |
|
|
What were the results of the election of 1864?
|
Lincoln- 2,200,000 votes - 212 E.V.
McClellan- 1,800,0000 - 21 E.V. |
|
|
How did Lincoln win the election of 1864?
|
McClellan had promised to stop the war and appeared to have a legitimate chance until the new of Grant's and Sherman's success reached the newspapers and Lincoln's popularity grew
|
|
|
What happened April 2, 1865?
|
Lee was finally driven out of Petersburg
|
|
|
What happened April 9, 1865?
|
Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House, virginia
|
|
|
What were the Peace terms that Grant offered Lee?
|
1. The men could keep their weapons for hunting.
2. They could keep their horses for plowing 3. They were given food Lee did not offer Grant his sword and Grant did not ask for it |
|
|
In who's house did the surrender take place?
|
Wilmer McLean
McClean's first farm was the sight of the first Battle of Bull Run |
|
|
What happened April 14, 1865?
|
Lincoln was assassinated
|
|
|
Where was Lincoln assassinated?
|
Ford's theater while he and his wife were watching a play "Our American Cousin"
|
|
|
Who assassinated Lincoln?
|
John Wilkes Booth, while Lincoln's bodyguard was in a bar across the street
|
|
|
How did John Wilkes Booth escape after the assassination?
|
He jumped from the presidential box, catching his spur on a flag, breaking his leg.
He ran across the stage and got on a horse he had waiting behind the theater |
|
|
When did Lincoln die?
|
On April 15 Lincoln was carried across the street from the theater to the Peterson House where he died at 7:00 A.M.
|
|
|
Who became the 17th President after Lincoln was assassinated?
|
Andrew Johnson
|
|
|
What officially banned slavery?
|
The 13th amendment of the Constitution
|
|
|
When was the Gettysburg Address?
|
November 19, 1863
|
|
|
Why did Lincoln write the Gettysburg Address?
|
To honor the men who died at Gettysburg in dedication for a cemetery at the battle site
|
|
|
How long was the Gettysburg Address?
|
Only lasted 2 minutes and was considered to be insignificant by most people at the time
Lincoln wrote 5 different drafts of the speech Edward Everrett was the main speaker at the dedication and spoke for 2 hours |
|
|
The Civil war was the first war to use what?
|
Modern Warfare
1. Hot air balloons were used to direct artillery fire. 2. Trench warfare was used for the 1st time 3. The idea of Total War |
|
|
Who is the best mom in the whole world for doing 236 flash cards for her son?
|
Amy Gehrig
|
