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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What role did the NAACP serve?
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- Putting pressure on the federal government
- Supreme Court rulings - Inspiring black activism - Event organisation e.g. Montgomery bus boycott, 1956 |
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Why did the civil rights movement lose support?
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- Vietnam war/women's rights etc. diverted media attention
- King's decline and loss of audience - Radical behaviour of black power strengthened white opinion - Disagreements with the federal government |
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Why was progress so slow between 1945 and 1955?
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- Opposition was greater than support (white opinion)
- Supreme Court rulings ignored - Lack of federal intervention - Poor campaigning tactics - No leader in the civil rights movement - Lack of media attention |
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What were the signs of progress between 1945 and 1955?
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- Support from Truman
- Black activism increased after WWII - Supreme Court success - Challenging 'separate but equal' |
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What was the significance of the 1961 Freedom rides?
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- King used them to unite the civil rights groups
- Media attention - Testing and enforcing Supreme Court rulings |
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What was the significance of the 1961-2 Albany movement?
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- Fear of white power dwindling
- Black community mobilised - SNCC tactics - National attention - Economic power |
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How far had life for blacks changed by 1965?
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- Southern blacks now had equal rights
- Acceptance of black culture - Northern blacks still experiencing poverty in ghettos - White opinion still remained |
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Why did blacks turn to violent tactics?
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- Supreme Court rulings were not being enforced
- Unhappy with King's peaceful protest - Inspiration of Malcolm X - Life in the North was not changing |
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What was the evidence of division in the civil rights movement?
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- SNCC publicly critical of SCLC
- E.g. Albany movement, in which they failed to co-operate - Meredith March |
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What were the signs of federal intervention in the civil rights movement?
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- Truman's speeches/activism (To Secure These Rights 1947)
- Johnson finishing the 1964 civil rights bill - Little Rock (Eisenhower) - Voting acts 1957 and 1960 |
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What encouraged change after the Second World War?
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- Migration (safety in number, economic power)
- Blacks and whites in close proximity/in the workplace - Increased activism (NAACP, fighting fascism, sit-ins and boycotts) - Federal intervention (FEPC, Supreme Court e.g Smith vs. Allwright) |
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How did Truman help blacks?
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- Speeches that risked losing voters in election
- To Secure These Rights (1947) - FEPC (limited gains) - Pressure on the Supreme Court |
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Who opposed the mainstream civil rights campaigns?
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- KKK
- Dixiecrats - Common white opinion - Black power movement - Eisenhower (to an extent) |
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Lack of progress under Truman?
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- Supreme Court rulings ignored
- Jim Crow remained in the South - White opinion unchanged |
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What was the significance of the BROWN ruling?
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- Triggered Little Rock Crisis, which led to many schools integrating
- Challenged 'Separate but equal' - Supreme Court ruling in favour of black education |
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How important was Martin Luther King in progress?
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- Christian leadership (SCLC)
- Media (March on Washington, 1963) - Mass direct action (Montgomery bus boycott, 1956) |
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In what ways did Martin Luther King limit progress?
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- Peaceful protest often ineffective (Meredith March, 1966)
- Lost his audience (Poor People's campaign, problems in the North e.g. Chicago, 1966) - Ran from danger (Selma, SNCC felt cheated) |
