Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Article III of the Constitution
|
This article establishes the Supreme Court, explains what cases fall under federal jurisdiction, gives Congress the power to establish lower courts, and defines treason.
|
|
|
Dual-court system
|
system under which US citizens are subject to the jurisdiction of both national and state courts;
both federal and state judicial systems |
|
|
US District Court
|
The lowest federal courts where federal cases begin. They are the only federal courts where trials are held. There are 94 district courts
|
|
|
US Appellate Court
|
Second level of the federal court system where appeals are heard. Serve for life as judge, Presidential appointed
|
|
|
Supreme Court
|
Consists of nine justices, each appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Appointment is for life. Supreme Court exercises the power to determine constitutionality of statutes, known as judicial review.
|
|
|
Exclusive Jurisdiction
|
power of the federal courts alone to hear certain cases
|
|
|
Concurrent Jurisdiction
|
power shared by federal and state courts to hear certain cases
|
|
|
Original Jurisdiction
|
The jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, usually in a trial. These are the courts that determine the facts about a case.
|
|
|
Appellate Jurisdiction
|
The authority of a court to review decisions made by lower courts.
|
|
|
Judicial restraint
|
Philosophy proposing that judges should interpret the Constitution to reflect what the framers intended and what its words literally say. Strict construction.
|
|
|
Judicial activism
|
Philosophy proposing that judges should interpret the Constitution to reflect current conditions and values. Loose construction.
|
|
|
Judicial review
|
Authority given the courts to review constitutionality of acts by the executive/state/legislature; est. in SCOTUS case Marbury v. Madison
|
|
|
Marbury v. Madison
|
Supreme court case in which Chief Justice John Marshall gave the SCOTUS the implied power of judicial review.
|
|
|
Radical
|
Favoring drastic political, economic, or social reforms. Would support a revolution to get it
|
|
|
Liberal
|
Ready to move forward and accept change, but considered a reformer. Values equality.
|
|
|
Conservative
|
Content with the way things are. Prefers the status quo.
|
|
|
reactionary
|
Desires change, but prefers to retreat to the past "Good ole' days"
|
|
|
political parties
|
organization that tries to influence gov. policy by promoting its ideas and getting its candidates elected for office.
|
|
|
political ideology
|
A consistent pattern of beliefs about political values and the role of government.
|
|
|
political culture
|
A set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens and that influences political opinions and behaviors
|
|
|
liberalism
|
Political ideology that values equality, government intervention in the economy, and limited government intervention in social/political issues
|
|
|
conservatism
|
Political ideology that values liberty, government intervention in social/political issues, and limited government interference in the economy.
|
|
|
political/social spectrum
|
Left: Radicals, Liberals. Center: Moderate. Right: Conservatives, Reactionaries: the range of political views within a political spectrum
|
|
|
political ideology grid
|
Represents both economic and social/political issues. Gives a broader understanding of political ideology.
|
|
|
economic spectrum
|
Is the economic wealth distribution amongst class, helping to distinguish the different economic standings of individuals classes
|
|
|
socialist
|
one who believes that government should control certain national industries, such as healthcare.
|
|
|
totalitarian
|
A political system in which the government has total control over the lives of individual citizens.
|
|
|
libertarian
|
One who favors a free market economy and no governmental interference in personal liberties, strong support for civil and political liberties but reject government regulation of the economy.
|
|
|
primary
|
A ballot vote in which citizens select a party's nominee for the general election.
|
|
|
caucus
|
A meeting of local party members to choose party officials or candidates for public office and to decide the platform.
|
|
|
delegates
|
A person who is chosen or elected to represent a person or group
|
|
|
political convention
|
Meeting of the delegates of a political party for the purpose of writing a platform and choosing candidates for office.
|
|
|
electoral college
|
A certain number of electors from each state proportional to and seemingly representative of that state's population. each elector chooses a candidate believing they are representing their constituency's choice. The candidate who receives a higher proportion of electoral votes within a state receives all the electoral votes for that state.
|
|
|
Reconstruction
|
Reconstruction generally refers to the period in United States history immediately following the Civil War in which the federal government set the conditions that would allow the rebellious Southern states back into the Union.
|
|
|
13th Amendment
|
Abolition of slavery
|
|
|
14th Amendment
|
1) Citizenship for African Americans, 2) Repeal of 3/5 Compromise, 3) Denial of former confederate officials from holding national or state office, 4) Repudiate (reject) confederate debts
|
|
|
15th Amendment
|
Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or previous condition of servitude
|
|
|
Jim Crow Laws
|
Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights
|
|
|
Black Codes
|
Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War
|
|
|
Literacy test
|
A test given to persons to prove they can read and write before being allowed to register to vote
|
|
|
Poll Tax
|
A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote
|
|
|
Ku Klux Klan
|
A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights.
|
|
|
Plessy v. Ferguson
|
1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal
separate but equal |
|
|
Brown v. Board
|
1954
The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated. |
|
|
Civil Rights Act of 1957
|
A federal law that authorized federal action against segregation in public accommodations, public facilities, and employment.
|
|
|
Montgomery Bus Boycott
|
In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city buses. First example of successful social protest in the Civil Rights Movement
|
|
|
Rosa Parks
|
Refused to give up her seat to a white passenger. After she was jailed, the Montgomery bus boycott was organized.
|
|
|
Martin Luther King Jr
|
U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize (1964)
|
|
|
Greensboro Sit-Ins
|
Successful example of peaceful, non-violent, student-led protests that served as a model for students in college towns across the South.
|
|
|
Civil Rights Act of 1964
|
(1964) law under Johnson that made segregation illegal in all public facilities, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
|
|
|
March on Selma
|
Alabama troops attacked marchers of the Mississippi Freedom Summer Project here, also called bloody Sunday. The violence was captured on TV camera, generating outrage across the country and leading to the passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
|
|
|
Voting Rights Act of 1965
|
A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically.
|
|
|
I Have a Dream Speech
|
A speech given by Martin Luther King, Jr. at the demonstration of freedom in 1963 at the Lincoln Memorial. It was an event related to the civil rights movement of the 1960's to unify citizens in accepting diversity and eliminating discrimination against African-Americans
|
|
|
Malcolm X
|
1952; renamed himself X to signify the loss of his African heritage; converted to Nation of Islam in jail in the 50s, became Black Muslims' most dynamic street orator and recruiter; his beliefs were the basis of a lot of the Black Power movement built on separationist and nationalist impulses to achieve true independence and equality
|
