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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what courts deal with federal laws and Constitution?
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federal
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Supreme court's jurisdiciton
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mainly appelate; original in foreign diplomats or where state is a party
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2 ways cases reach supreme court
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writ or certiorari
state appeals |
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steps in civil case
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~lawyer is hired
~complaint is filed ~defendant receives summons & files answer ~discovery: both sides prepare for trial ~trial! |
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what is a tort?
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wrongful act which injured parties have right to sue for damages
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how are state amendments proposed?
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state legislature, popular initiative, xonstituional convention, or constitutional commission
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what are the presiding officers of state houses?
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upper---lieut. gov
lower---speaker of th ehouse |
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what is intergovernmental revenue?
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money distributed form one level of govt. to another
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regressive taxes?
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affect people with low income rather than low incomes (help rich)SALES TAX
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proportional tax?
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each person pays same percentage
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local govts are established by? and dependent upon?
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constitution---state govt.
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what is real/personal property?
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real=land/buildings
property=belongings |
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what are the types of party systems?
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1-party
2-party multi-party |
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Types of third parties?
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single-issue=focus on one idea
idealogical=focus on changing socity splinter=splits off from major party |
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election day
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first tues after first mon in nov
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heads of parties on stat/nat'l level
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state=state party chairperson
nat'l=nat'l party chairperson |
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how are candidates selected?
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caucuses, nominating convention, petition, and primary election
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what was prob. w/ nominating conventions?
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bosses [party leaders] took over
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what are committees of nominating conventions
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rules, credentials, and platform committees, also committee of permanent organization
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what is platform
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party's statements of beliefs
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what is a caucus
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private meetings of party leaders
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open/close primary
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open=all voters vote
close=only members of political party vote |
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what are pacs
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political actions committees-designed to support political candidates w/ campaign contributions
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Federal Elections Commissions?
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issues regulations and advisory opinonis that control PAC activity
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conservative?
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believes govt. should be limited except in supportin gtraditional moral values and promoting freedom of opportunity.
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lliberal
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govt. should have active role in promoting liberties
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what is soft money
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money candidates raise for general purposes
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15th amendment?
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no state can take away right to vote
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19th amendment
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women can vote
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26th amendment
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18 year olds can vote
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qualifications to vote
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18, citizen, resident of state voted in
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how is public opinion measured
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opinion polls
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courts help congress exercise power
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legislative
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trial jury
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petit jury
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What are the 2 types of jurisdiction?
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appellate---appeals courts
original |
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what are grand and petit juries?
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grand=16-23 people; hears charges in a crim and can issue indictment
petit=6-12 people; weighs evidence in a criminal or civil trial |
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dtermines # of justices
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Congress
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four types of supreme court opinions
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unanimous, majority, concurring (agree for different reason), dissenting (disagree)
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What are the parts of a state's constitution?
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bill of rights, preamble, body & amendments......
Purpose: set up/establish state & local government, how money is raised/spent; sets up independent agencies |
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What are steps in a criminal case?
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~police start investigation
~arrest warrant is issued ~taken 2 police station to be "booked" ~initial appearance: charges heard ~prliminary hearing is set; grand jury decides if enough evidence for trial is prevalent ~plea bargaining ~arraignments and leas ~trial is held ~decision made by jury ~sentence is issued |
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what are the presiding officers of state houses?
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upper---lieut. gov
lower---speaker of th ehouse |
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what makes up exec. branch of state govt/
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head=gov
lieutenatn governor secretary of state state treasurer |
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shock probation/incarceration
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probation=brief incarceration by supervised release
incarceration=prison program involving shorter sentences in highly structured environment |
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progressive taxes?
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help the poor; vary with a person's ability to pay INCOME TAX
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types of local govt
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county; municipality; township; special district
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what's incorporation why is charter needed?
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states grant citizens the right to set up a legal community. Charters determine the type of govt. the community will have.
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what is special district
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focuses on one function
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what are problems with urban growth?
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more people in limited area=land/housing becomes more scarce and costly
social problems=homelessness and drugs future challenges=mass transit, infrastructure & economic development) |
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where voting takes place
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precinct
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