Civics

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Monarchy

Back 1

ruled by a king or queen, unlimited power, inherited power. Ex. Queen Elizabeth |

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Dictatorship

Back 2

Ruled by one person with absolute power, unlimited power, violence and force to get power. ex. Hitler

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Totalitarism

Back 3

dictator holds ultimate power, unlimited power, power given to the person with the highest power. ex. Stalin

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Theocracy

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religious rule, unlimited, given from the Gods through church.

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Oligarchy

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small group of persons having control over a country, unlimited power, inherited power. ex. Medieval Times.

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Aristocracy

Back 6

small group of powerful people making gov. decisions, unlimited power, inherited power.

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Constitutional Monarchy

Back 7

king or queen rule limited by the constitution, limited power, inherited power

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Republic Democracy

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gov. by the people elect reps to make decisions, limited power, elected power.

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Direct Democracy

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gov. by the people, the citizens come together to discuss, limited power, elected power.

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What makes a state

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• people
• government
• sovereignty
• well defined boundaries in territory

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Functions of Government

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• maintain order
• resolve conflicts
• provide public services
• national security
• protecting the community as a whole

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Policy

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decisions

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Population

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people

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Territory

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clearly defined and recognized borders

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Government

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political organization

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Sovereignty

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supreme power to act within its territory and to control its external affairs

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Five Government Functions

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1. Ensure national security
2. Maintain order
3. Resolve conflict
4. Provide services
5. Provide for the public good

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1. Ensure national security

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designed to guard a nation's territory and its people against extreme threats

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2. Maintain order

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establish laws and a means to enforce those laws

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3. Resolve conflict

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utilize political processes and the court system to help determine what should happen

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4. Provide services

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use taxes (local, state, and national) to pay for government services, such as public goods, which cannot be denied to any particular person or group (ex; clean water, roads, ect.)

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5. Provide for the public good

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the needs and interests of the people as a whole

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Theories of Rule

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• Divine Right
• Natural Rights
• Social contract

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Divine Right

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the ruler is chosen by God (or gods)

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Natural Rights

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all people possess human rights and citizens are not required to follow a ruler who acts against natural law

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Social contract

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the first governments formed as a result of people agreeing among themselves to submit to authority of a state and the state (in return) will provide protection and support

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Ideals of American Democracy

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• Liberty
• Equality
• Self-government

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Liberty

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the ability to act and think as you chose

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Equality

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all people possess a fundamental, moral worth that entitles them to fair treatment under the law and equal opportunity in all aspects of life

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Self-government

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ordinary people can rule themselves since they are the ultimate source of government authority

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Principles of American Democracy

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1. Worth of individual
2. Rule of law
3. Majority rule, minority rights
4. Compromise
5. Citizen participation

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Worth of individual

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people can pursue their own paths and reach their highest potential

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Rule of law

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U.S. government and officials must recognize and enforce limits of their own powers

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Majority rules, minority rights

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a balance between listening to the majority and protecting the rights of the minority

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Compromise

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when two opposing groups give up some of their demands to come to an agreement

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Citizen participation

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citizens should be informed, participate, serve and volunteer, hold leaders accountable, pay taxes, ect...

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Free enterprise

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allows people and businesses the opportunity to make their own economic choices about:

• How best to produce goods and services
• How best to distribute goods and services
• How best to exchange goods and services

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Roots of American Democracy

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american democracy was shaped by heritage, colonial experiments in self-government, as well as a range of intellectual influences.

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Bicameral

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2 house (house of reps. & house of state senates)

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Magna Carta

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known as the "Great Charter". this was the first time monarchs were held accountable to the laws of ordinary men

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Petition of Right

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required monarchs to gain Parliament permission before passing taxes

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Bill of Rights

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required monarchs to gain Parliament permission before enacting laws, raising taxes, and creating an army

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Proprietary Colony

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established by a businessman (or group of) who were sponsored by the monarchy to start the colony

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Royal Colony

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colonies controlled by the king through the use of a local governor

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Charter Colony

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colonies who were governed by a charter that both the king and colonists agreed upon

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"No Taxation Without Representation"

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due to war debts, british raised taxes on the colonists, but colonists refused to pay them, so they revolted.

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The Albany Plan

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this plan created a congress who was given the power to collect taxes, regulate trade, and make war and peace with the Native Americans.

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The Stamp Act

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Parliament passed it, requiring the use of tax stamps on all legal documents. Later happened the Boston Massacre, when british soldiers fired on a group of colonial protesters.

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The Boston Tea Party

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anti-tax protestors dumped a bunch of tea into the Boston Harbor

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First Continental Congress

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reps. from every colony but Georgia gathered to create a plan against the King.

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The Shot Heard 'Round the World

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a shot was fired at the battle of Lexington and Concord and no one knows who shot it.

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Second Continental Congress

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reps. from the different colonies met, resolving to take stronger action against the British

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Declaration Of Independence

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1. Preamble
2. Declaration of Rights
3. Grievances against the king
4. Resolution of Independence

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Articles of Confederation

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the nation's first constitution. it created a national gov. without an executive or an executive branch (it made the colonists fear the monarchy)

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Shay's Rebellion

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an uprising by Massachusetts farmers fearful of losing their land

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Powers given to Congress under AOC

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• Coin and borrow money
• Admit new states and divide western lands
• Request money from states
• Raise an army
• Appoint military officers
• Establish a postal system
• Declare war and make peace
• Conduct foreign affairs

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Weaknesses of the AOC

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• No power to tax
• One vote per state, regardless of population or wealth
• No power to regulate trade
• No national court system
• Lack of Power to enforce Articles
• 9/13 majority needed to pass laws
• State agreements with foreign govs. without federal approval
• States could tax or ban goods from other states
• States printed their own money without backing
• States could refuse financial requests from Congress

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The Great Compromise

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The Virginia Plan & The New Jersey Plan together. Created a Bicameral legislature. The senate would follow the NJP (2 senates per state) The house of reps. would follow the VP (representation is based on population)

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The 3/5 Compromise

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the states agreed that slaves would count as 3/5 of a person when determining a state's population.

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Federalists

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supported the Constitution; wanted a strong national gov.; believed a large republic could best protect individual liberty; drew support from large farmers, merchants, artisans; believed a Bill of Rights was unnecessary

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Anti-Federalists

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opposed to the Constitution; feared a national gov. that was too strong; believed only a small republic could protect rights; drew support from small farmers in rural areas; believed a Bill of Rights was necessary to protect individual liberties

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George Washington

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elected President by a unanimous vote

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John Adams

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selected by a large majority to serve as GW's Vice President