Civ Midterm Flash Cards

Front 1

Anthropology

Back 1

the field of study that concentrates on the origins and development of humans and their societies.

Front 2

Technology

Back 2

Applied Science.

Front 3

Hominids

Back 3

a group that includes humans and their closest relatives, all of who walk upright on two feet.

Front 4

Nomads

Back 4

People who move from place to place to find food.

Front 5

Historians

Back 5

scholars who study and write about the past using written records.

Front 6

Paleolithic

Back 6

The Old Stone Age.

Front 7

Artifacts

Back 7

objects made by humans.

Front 8

Technique

Back 8

a procedure, art, or skill used in a particular task.

Front 9

Archeology

Back 9

the study of past people and cultures through their material remains.

Front 10

Domesticate

Back 10

to raise plants and animals in a controlled way that makes them best suited to human use.

Front 11

Cradle of Civilization

Back 11

The place where a civilization began.

Front 12

Theocracy

Back 12

the rule by gods or their representatives.

Front 13

Mesopotamia

Back 13

means “the Land Between the Rivers.”

Front 14

Sargon

Back 14

the first to unite the city-states of his region into an empire.

Front 15

Genesis

Back 15

the first book of the bible.

Front 16

Ziggurat

Back 16

The religious and civil administrative center of a Mesopotamian city.

Front 17

Polytheism

Back 17

the belief in many gods.

Front 18

Hierarchy

Back 18

a system for ranking groups.

Front 19

Lex Talionis

Back 19

it allowed a person to get revenge for an injury by doing the same thing to the person who caused the original injury.

Front 20

Utnapishtim

Back 20

the only human to be given immortality in the epic of Gilgamesh.

Front 21

Civil Law

Back 21

the branch of law dealing with business contracts, property inheritance, taxes, and marriage.

Front 22

Sumer

Back 22

the name for a collection of city-states where civilization is thought to have begun.

Front 23

Hammurabi

Back 23

“The Father of Law”

Front 24

Criminal law

Back 24

this branch of law deals with offenses against other such as robbery, assault, or murder.

Front 25

Anthropomorphism

Back 25

the belief that gods are like humans in physical form and personality.

Front 26

Cuneiform

Back 26

wedge shaped writing.

Front 27

Carthage

Back 27

a colony of Phoenicians in Northern Africa.

Front 28

Nineveh

Back 28

the Assyrian Capital where one of the first libraries were built.

Front 29

Trade

Back 29

a repeated series of exchanges.

Front 30

Satrapies

Back 30

Administrative districts in the Persian Empire.

Front 31

Indo-Europeans

Back 31

People speaking related languages who migrated from Eurasia to countries from India all the way to the British Isles.

Front 32

Hittites

Back 32

the first to use iron for tools and weapons.

Front 33

Armageddon

Back 33

the battle between good and evil at the end of the world in Zoroastrian Religion.

Front 34

Eyes and Ears of the King

Back 34

A sort of secret service in the Persian Empire whose members checked of officials to make sure people were being governed fairly.

Front 35

Tyrian Purple

Back 35

A dye invented by Phoenicians that was so expensive that it was restricted to royalty and the upper class.

Front 36

Delta

Back 36

a triangular area of marshland at the mouth of some rivers.

Front 37

Decipher

Back 37

to figure out the meaning of a script or form of writing.

Front 38

Hieroglyphics

Back 38

the first Egyptian writing system

Front 39

Amon-Re

Back 39

the Great lord of the gods.

Front 40

Osiris

Back 40

the god of the afterlife.

Front 41

Pharaohs

Back 41

Egyptian kings.

Front 42

Ramses II

Back 42

the Egyptian pharaoh who signed the first recorded peace treaty with the Hittites and whose temple at Abu simbel was saved from the rising waters of the Nile when lake Nasser was built.

Front 43

Armana Period

Back 43

a period of revolutionary changes in Egypt.

Front 44

Dynasty

Back 44

a ruling family.

Front 45

Mummification

Back 45

the preserving of dead bodies by drying them and wrapping them in cloth.

Front 46

Hyksos

Back 46

invaders that took control of the Nile delta region

Front 47

Bureaucracy

Back 47

a kind of government that includes different job functions and levels of authority.

Front 48

Vizier

Back 48

the Pharaohs chief official who supervised the business of government.

Front 49

Subcontinent

Back 49

large landmass that juts out from a continent.

Front 50

Plateau

Back 50

a raised area of level land.

Front 51

Vedas

Back 51

Hymns, chants, rituals, and other religious teachings of the Arians.

Front 52

Rajas

Back 52

Chiefs of the Aryan tribes, often skilled workers.

Front 53

Atman

Back 53

The essential self that every person posses.

Front 54

Harappa

Back 54

A major city in the ancient Indus River civilization.

Front 55

Monsoon

Back 55

Seasonal winds that are a defining feature of life in the Indian sub continent.

Front 56

Nirvana

Back 56

union with the universe.

Front 57

Brahman

Back 57

a single spiritual power that exists beyond the many gods of the Vedas and that resides in all things.

Front 58

Reincarnation

Back 58

The rebirth of a soul in another bodily form.

Front 59

Moksha

Back 59

Union with Brahman.

Front 60

Ahimsa

Back 60

Nonviolence.

Front 61

Karma

Back 61

all actions of a person’s life that affect his or her fate in the next life.

Front 62

Dharma

Back 62

the religious and moral duties of an individual.

Front 63

Mystics

Back 63

People who seek direct communication with divine forces.

Front 64

Zoroaster

Back 64

Persian founder of religion.

Front 65

Covenant

Back 65

a treaty of friendship.

Front 66

Sabbath

Back 66

A holy day for rest and worship.

Front 67

Hatshepsut

Back 67

Egypt’s most famous woman Pharaoh

Front 68

Fertile Crescent

Back 68

A region in the Middle East with rich soil.

Front 69

Patriarchal

Back 69

Men held the greatest legal authority.

Front 70

Diaspora

Back 70

The spreading of Jewish People.

Front 71

Codify

Back 71

to arrange and set down in writing.

Front 72

Ethics

Back 72

Moral standards and Behavior.

Front 73

Akhenaton

Back 73

Unsuccessfully introduced the belief in one god in Egypt.

Front 74

Monarchy

Back 74

Rule by a single person, usually hereditary

Front 75

Oligarchy

Back 75

Rule by a “few”

Front 76

Aristocracy

Back 76

qualified to rule by “blood,” aristocratic birth

Front 77

Timocracy

Back 77

qualified to rule by wealth, a financial requirement

Front 78

Tyranny

Back 78

Rule by a single person. Not hereditary

Front 79

Democracy

Back 79

Rule by the people

Front 80

Anarchy

Back 80

No government

Front 81

Autonomy

Back 81

Self rule

Front 82

polis

Back 82

city states

Front 83

acropolis

Back 83

high city

Front 84

agora

Back 84

marketplace

Front 85

citizen

Back 85

free resident

Front 86

phalanx

Back 86

massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers

Front 87

Sparta

Back 87

a warrior society

Front 88

Athens

Back 88

evolved from a monarchy to a democracy

Front 89

tyrants

Back 89

people who gained power by force

Front 90

legislative

Back 90

lawmaking body

Front 91

Trivium

Back 91

Grammar, dialect, rhetoric

Front 92

Quadrivium

Back 92

Astronomy, Music (math), Geometry and Arithmetic

Front 93

Hellas

Back 93

any place where Greek-speaking people lived

Front 94

Pan-Hellenic

Back 94

Language, Literature (including myths and legends), Religion, Delphic Oracle, Olympic

Front 95

Not Pan- Hellenic

Back 95

political unity

Front 96

alliance

Back 96

a formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another’s defense

Front 97

Pericles

Back 97

because of his wise and skillful leadership, the economy thrived and the government became more democratic

Front 98

direct democracy

Back 98

citizens take part directly in the day-to-day affairs of government

Front 99

stipend

Back 99

fixed salary

Front 100

jury

Back 100

panel of citizens who have the authority to make the final judgment in a trial

Front 101

ostracism

Back 101

citizens can vote to banish a public figure whom they say as a threat to their democracy

Front 102

oligarchy

Back 102

power is in the hands of a small elite

Front 103

polis

Back 103

city state

Front 104

phalanx

Back 104

tactical military formation of heavily armed foot soldiers

Front 105

tyranny

Back 105

one ruler, not hereditary

Front 106

autonomy

Back 106

self rule

Front 107

legislature

Back 107

lawmaking body

Front 108

timocracy

Back 108

power is in the hands of an elite who are qualified to participate in government because of wealth

Front 109

anarchy

Back 109

no government at all

Front 110

aristocracy

Back 110

power is in the hands of an elite who are qualified to participate in government because of their social class

Front 111

citizens

Back 111

free residents

Front 112

monarchy

Back 112

one ruler, usually hereditary

Front 113

democracy

Back 113

rule by the people

Front 114

agora

Back 114

the marketplace, where ideas as well as goods were exchanged

Front 115

acropolis

Back 115

the high point in the city with temples and public buildings

Front 116

Barbaroi

Back 116

foreigners, people who did not speak Greek