Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
sources of canadian law |
-parliament, provincial legislatures, english common law, civil code of france and unwritten constitution that we have inherited from great britain |
|
|
ordered liberty |
-800 years old tradition -Magna Cata in 1215 in England aka Great Charter of Freedoms |
|
|
Magna Carta includes |
-freedom of conscience and religion -freedom of though, belief, opinion and expression, including freedom of speech and of the press -freedom of peaceful assembly -freedom of association |
|
|
Habeas Corpus |
-right to challenge unlawful detention comes from english common law |
|
|
constitution of canada |
-amended in 1982 to entrench great charter of freedom -whereas canada is founded upon principles that recognize the supremacy of gold and the rule of law -importance of religious traditions to canadian society and the dignity and worth of human person |
|
|
the rights |
-mobility rights -aboriginal people's rights: charter will not adversely affect any treaty or other rights or freedoms of aboriginal peoples -official language rights and minority language educational right: french and english have equal status in parliament and throughout gov -multiculturalism: pluralism and live in harmony |
|
|
equality of women and men |
-in canada men and women are equal under the law |
|
|
citizenship responsibilities |
-obeying law -voting in election -taking responsibility for oneself and one's family -serving on a jury -helping others in the community -protecting and enjoying our heritage and environments |
|
|
defending canada |
- no compulsory military service -canadian forces (navy, army and air force) -cadets -fire department or police force or coast force |
|
|
aboriginals |
-migrated from asia 1000s years ago -diverse, vibrant first nation cultures were tooted in religious beliefs about their relationship to the creator, the natural environment and each oterh -treaty rights are in canadian constitution -territorial rights were first guaranteed through the Royal Proclamation of 1763 by King George III and established the basis for negotiating treaties with the newcomers -from 1800s until 1980s, assimilation |
|
|
types of aboriginal people |
-indian: not inuit or metis (65%) -in 1970, the term First Nation was first used -inuit: lived across Arctic (4%) -Metis: aboriginal and european ancestry, lived in prairie provinces (30%) -from both french and english speaking backgrounds and speak their own dialect, michif |
|
|
english and french |
-18 million anglophones and 7 million francophones -francophone mostly in quebec, some in new brunswick, manitoba and ontario -new brunswick is the only officially bilingual province |
|
|
acadians |
-descendents of french colonist settled in Maritime in 1604 -between 1755 and 1763, during war between britain and france, lot of them deported to homeland -great upheaval |
|
|
quebecers |
-french settlers from 1600s to 1700s -House of Common was recognized in 2006 -1million anglo-quebecers |
|
|
english |
-english, welsh, scottish and irish |
|
|
diveristy in canada |
-since 1970s, most immigrants have come from asian countries -non-official language: chinese (13% and 7% in van and toronto respectively) -great majority of canadians are christian -largest religion affiliation is catholic followed by protestant churches |
|
|
aboriginal people |
-native people were called indians -huron-wendat of the Great Lakes region (iroquois) were farmers and hunters -cree and dene of the northwest were hunters and gatherers -sioux were nomadic (bison herd) -inuit lived off arctic wildlife -west coast natives preserved fish by drying and smoking -warfare among them -aboriginals and europeans formed strong economic, religious and military bonds in the first 200 years of coexistence which laid the foundations of canada |
|
|
first europeans |
-vikings from iceland who colonized greenland 100 years ago also reached labrador and the island of newfoundland -the remains of their settlement, l'anse aux meadows are a world heritage site -european exploration begain in earnest in 1497 with the expedition of john cabot, who was the first to draw a map of canada's east coast |
|
|
exploring a river, naming canada |
-1534-1542, jacques cartier made three voyages across the atlantic, claiming the land for King Francis I of France -he heard two captureers speaking iroquous Kanata meaning village -by 1550s Canada appeared on the map |
|
|
royal new france |
-in 1604, first european settlement north of florida was established by French explorers Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain, first on St. Croix island (maine) then at Port Royal in Acadia (nova scotia) -in 1608, champlain built a fortress (Quebec city) -champlain allied the colony with algonquin, montagnais, huron : enemy of iroquois, a confederation of five -french and iroquois made peace in 1701 -french and aboriginal people collaborated fur trade economy by the demand for beaver pelts in europe. -outstanding leaders, jean talon, laval and frontenac built a french empire in NA that reached from Hudson bay to Gulf of Mexico |
|
|
struggle for a continent |
-in 1670, King Charles II of England granted the Hudson's Bay company exclusive trading rights over the watershed draining into hudson bay -HB competed with Montreal based trader (voyageurs and coureurs des bois: canoe) -they formed alliance with First Nation -in early 1600s, english colonies along Atalntic seaboard became richer than New France -In 1700, war and 1759, british won in the battle of Plains of Abraham at Quebec City, marking the end of France's empire in America -commander of both armies: Wolfe and Montcalm were killed |
|
|
province of quebec |
-UK named the colony Province of Quebec -called habitants or Canadiens |
|
|
tradition of accomodation |
-Quebec Act of 1774 -freedom of religion and permitted them to hold public office, a practice not then allowed in Britain -restore French Civil law and british criminal law |
|
|
United Empire Loyalist |
-in 1776, 13 british colonies to the south of Quebec declared independence and formed united state -Loyalist: feld the oppression of the American Revolution to settle in Nova Scotia and Quebefc -Brant led thousants of loyalist mohawk indians into canada. Loyalist from dutch, german, british, scandinavian, aboriginal and other origins and from presbyterian, anglican, baptist, metohdist, jewish, quaker and catholic religious backgrounds -about 3000 black loyalists, freedmen and slaves came north seeking a better life -in 1792, black nova scotians, who were given poor land, moved onto establish freetown, sierra leone (west africa) a new british colony for freed slaves |
|
|
beginning of democracy |
-first representative assembly was elected in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1758, PEI in 1773, NB in 1785 -Constitutional act of 1791: divided province of quebec into upper canada (english speaking, loyalist and protestant) and lower canada (french and catholic) -Canada was officially used and atlantic colonies and two canadas were known as British NA |
|
|
Abolition of Slavery |
-in late 1700s, british parliament abolished transatlantic slave trade -in 1793, upper canada, Lieutenant governor Simcoe, loyalist military officers became the first province in the Empire to move toward abolition -in 1807, british parliament prohibited the buying and selling of slaves -in 1833, abolished slavery throughout the Empire -1000s of slaves escaped from US: north star and Underground railroad, a christian anti-slavery network |
|
|
a growing economy |
-HB with french, british and aboriginal employees came to dominate the trade in the nw from foort garry (wimmipeg) and fort edmonton to fort langley (vancouver) and fort victoria -montreal stock exchange opened in 1832 -exporting natural resources such as fur, fish, and timber, transported by roads, lakes, rivers and canals |
|
|
war of 1812: fight for canada |
-after the defeat of napoleo in the battle of trafalgar (1805), the royal navy ruled the waves. american resentment at british interference with their shiping -invasion in 1812, but canadian volunteers and first nations including shawnee led by chief tecumshe supported British soldiers in canada's defence -in july, brock captured detroit but was killed while defending against an american attack at queenston heights near niagara -by 1814, american lost -british paid for a costly canadian defence system, including the citadels at halifax and quebec city, the naval drydock at halifax and fort henry at kingston -remained independent from us |
|
|
rebellions of 1837-38 |
-in 1830s, reformers of upper and lower canada believed that progress to fulfill democracy was too slow but they were defeated by british soldiers -lord durham: upper and lower canada should merged and given responsible government. crown must have the support of majority of the elected representatives in order to govern -quickest way to achieve progress is to assimilate into english speaking -failed because french speaking people did not understand -some reformers tache and cartier and macdonald became fathers of confederation |
|
|
responsible government |
-in 1840, upper and lower canada were united as province of canada -reformers, la fontaine, baldwin and howe in nova scotia worked with british governors toward responsible government -first full responsible government in nova scotia in 1847-48, and in 1848-49, governor of united canada lord elgin, introduced responsible government -La fontaine became the first leader of a responsible government in the canadas |
|
|
confederation |
-from 1864-1867, representatives of Nova Scotia, new brunswick and province of canada with british support to establish a new country -fathers of confedertion -two levels of government: federeal and provincial -old province was split into two province: ontario and quebec -with new brunswick and nova scotia, it became dominion of canada -british parliament passed the british north america act (july 1 1867): dominion day |
|
|
expansion of dominion |
-NS, NB, QC, ON -MB, NW -BC -YU -AB, SK -NF, Labrador -Nunavut |
|
|
first prime minister |
-in 1867, John A Macdonald: father of confederation -cartier was the key architect of confederation from quebec |
|
|
Challenge in the west |
-HB conquered the NW in 1869, but 12000 Metis were not consulted -Riel led the army to seize Fort garry -Ottawa sent soldiers and riel was fled to Manitoba (established) -second rebellion in 1885 in SK, but he was executed -Macdonald established North West Mounted Police in 1873 (head quarter: Regina) -Royal Canadian Mounted Police |
|
|
railway from sea to sea |
-in 1885, ottawa built a railroad -Donald Smith : director of CPR -FInance: British and American -built by european and chinese |
|
|
moving westward |
-more industrialized during the economic boom of the 1890s and early 1900 -Sir Wilfrid Laurier became the first French-Canadian prime minister |
|
|
first world war |
-canadians took part in the battles of paardeberg (horse mountain) and lillefontein -when germany attacked belgium and france in 1914, britain declared war, ottawa formed the canadian expeditionary force (canadian corps) -Canadian corps captured Vimy Ridge in April 1917, -April 9 is celebrated as Vimy Day -from 1914-1920, ottawa considered Austro-Hungarian subjects as enemy aliens -in 1918, sir currie, corps advanced alongside the french and british empire troops in the last hundred days -these included the victorious battle of amiens on august 8, 1918: black day of german army -german surrender, the war ended in the armistice on november 11, 1918 |
|
|
women get the vote |
-only for adult white males -women's suffrage movement -Dr. Emily Stowe was the founder -1916, manitoba became the first province to grant voting rights to women -in 1917, sir borden gave women the right to vote in federal elections -in 1918, female age 21 or ver were granted the right to vote in federal election -in 1921, Macphail became the first woman MP -due to the work of casgrain, quebec granted women the vote in 1940 |
|
|
between wars |
-after WWI, British Empire evolved into a free association of state: British Commonwealth of Nations -roaring twenties were boom times, with prosperity for businesses and low unemployment -stock market crash of 1929 led to Great depression or dirty thirties -there was growing demand to set minimum wages -Bank of Canada was created in 1934 |
|
|
D-Day invasion |
-June 6, 1944 -nazism and fascism, allies invaded nazi-occupied europe -canadians were captured juno beach by ferman army -orville fisher's painting -1/10 were canadian |
|
|
WWII |
began in 1939, nazi invaded poland and conquered much of europe -canada joined with its democratic allies in the fight to defeat tyranny by force of arms -canadians and newfoundlanders served in WWII -Royal Canadian Air Force -trained in Canada under British Commonwealth Air training Plan -Royal Canadian Navy in battle of atlantic -relocated japanese from bc |
