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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
information system (5 parts)
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people
procedures software hardware data (information) |
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connectivity
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allows computers to connect and share information
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procedures
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guidelines people follow when they use software, hardware, and data
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software
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programs, consist of system and application software
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system software
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background software that manages internal resources
ex - operating system, Windows XP |
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application software
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software that performs useful work on general-purpose problems
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presenation graphics
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to communicate or persuade
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supercomputers
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most powerful computer
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hardware
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physical equipment in an information system
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minicomputers
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aka midrange computers
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microcomputers
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fastest growing type
types - desktop, notebook, PDA's |
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system unit
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contains the electronic circuitry, including the microprocessor and memory
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memory
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primary storage, random access memory (RAM)
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input/output device
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translators between humans and computers
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input devices
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keyboard, mouse..
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output devices
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monitors, printers...
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secondary storage devices
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store data and programs
floppy, hard and optical disks (CDs, DVDs) |
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document files
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created by word processors
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worksheet files
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created by spreadsheets
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database files
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created by a database management programs
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presentation files
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created by presentation graphics programs
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connectivity
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concept describing the ability of end users to tap into resources well beyond their desktops
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Computer Networks
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connected computers that share data and resources
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wireless revolution
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the widespread and increasing use of mobile communication devices
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internet
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the worlds largest computer network
WWW is an internet service, providing a multimedia interface |
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browsers
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connect to remote computers, open and transfer files, display text and images, and provide an uncomplicated interface to the internet and the Web.
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uniform resource locators (URLs)
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in order to connect to other resources with a browser the Web site Address, or URL, must be located
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hypertext markup language (HTML)
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browsers interpret HTML documents to display Web pages
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hyperlinks
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these create connections between information references within a document or between documents
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word processors
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allow you to create, edit, save, and print text-based documents including flyers, letters, and reports
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word wrap
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automatically moves the insertion point to the next line
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search
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quickly locates or finds characters, words, or phrases
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replace
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replaces the located text with new text
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spreadsheet
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programs that are used to organize, analyze, and graph numeric data
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worksheets
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spreadsheets or sheets, that are rectangular grids of rows and columns
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rows
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identified by numbers
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columns
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identified by letters
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cells
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hold data and are formed by the intersection of rows and columns
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range
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a series of cells
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text entries
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aka numeric entries, entered cells
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formulas
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instructions for calculations
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functions
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prewritten formulas
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what-if analysis
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the result of changing one or more values and observing the effect on related cells in the spreadsheet
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analytical graphs
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used to help visualize data in spreadsheets
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database management systems
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used to create and use databases
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relational database
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organizes data into related tables
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tables
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organized by records
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records
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rows in a database
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fields
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columns in a database
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locate
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find specific information by querying the database
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display
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present selected information on a computer monitor or printed in a report
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sort
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arrange records in alphabetical order
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analyze
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built-in math formulas to manipulate and analyze data
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program control languages
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SQL (Structured Query Language) are programing languages for advanced users to create sophisticated database applications
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presentation graphics
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combine a variety of visual objects to create attractive, interesting presentations
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layout files
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these files present sample text for many different types of presentations
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templates
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these design templates provide selected combinations of text layouts, bullet styles, background colors, patterns, boreders, and other enhancements
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animations
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include special visual and sound effects including moving graphics and transitions between topics
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software suite
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a collection of individual application packages sold together
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OLE (object linking abd embedding)
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allows sharing of information between applications
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source files
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these files provide the objects that can be linked or embedded
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destination files
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these files receive the objects from other sources
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object linking
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linked objects are automatically updated whenever a change occurs in the source file
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object embedding
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embedded objects become part of the destination file and can be run from the destination file
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integrated package
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a single program providing the functionality of a word processor, spreadsheet, database manager, and more. Less expensive, but not as powerful compared to suites
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system software
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consists of operating systems, untilities, device drivers, and language translators
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operating systems
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perform three basic fucntions: manage resources, provide, user interface, and run applications
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operating systems (3 basic categories)
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embedded, network, stand-alone
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windows
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the most widely used operating system
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Mac OS
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Aqua - an intuitive user interface
Dock - a flexible tool for organizing files Sherlock - a search tool |
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UNIX system
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Linux a free operating system
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untilites
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specialized programs designed to make computing easier
ex. troubleshooting, antivirus, uninstall, backup, and file compression |
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utility suites
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combine several programs into one package
ex. norton utilities, norton antivirus, norton, cleansweep, extra features |
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device drivers
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specialized programs that work with the operating system to allow communication between hardware devices and the rest of the computer system
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byte
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consists of eight bits
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chip
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silicon chip, semiconductor, integrated circut
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microprocessor
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chips mounted onto carrier packages
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control units
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executes programs by directing electronic signals between memory, the arithmetic-logic unit, and input/output devices
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RAM (random access memory)
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volatile storage, because their contents are lost if power is disrupted
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flash ram
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a special type of Ram that does not lose it's content if power is disrupted
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cache memory (RAM cache)
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high-speed holding area for frequently used data and information
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ROM (read only memory)
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firmware, nonvolative storage and control essential system opperations
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system clock
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clock speed and clock rate is measured in gigahertz
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bus lines
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data buses, buses, provide data pathways that connect various system components
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ports
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connecting sockets on the outside of the system unit, used to connect keyboards, mouse, monitors, modems, printers, and video cameras
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input devices
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translate words, images, and actions that people understand into a form a computer can process
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digitizing devices
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convert sketch or a figure into a form that cna be processed by a computer
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cathode ray tubes
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placed on a system unit or directly on a desk, low cost, high resolution
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flat pannel monitors
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used for portable computers and desktops, aka liquid crsytal display monitors
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soft copy
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images displayed on a monitor
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hard copy
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information output on paper
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ink-jet printer
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sprays small droplets of ink onto paper, most common photo printer
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laster printer
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uses a laser beam to produce images
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thermal printers
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uses heat elements to produce images on heat-sensative papaer
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