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193 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Are those that follow a specific set of rules for their logical design; including containing a single entry and exit point.
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Structured Methods
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When a rule is specific it is...
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A racetrack-shaped symbol that marks the beginning or end of a method in a flowchart.
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Lozenge
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A three-sided box attached to a flowchart by dashed line. It is used when you want to provide details for a step, though the details take a lot of room, not easily fitting within a flowchart symbol.
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Annotation Symbol
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Work with and alter objects. In a flowchart,they appear in a rectangle.
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Processing Statements
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Read data in from an input device such as a keyboard or file on disk. By convention, those whocreate flowcharts use a parallelogram to display input statements.
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Input Statements
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Send information to an output device such as a monitor or printer. By convention, those who create flowcharts use a parallelogram to display output statments.
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Output Statements
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Is snarled, unstructured program logic.
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Spaghetti Code
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A basic unit of programming logic;each structure is a sequence, se;ection, or loop.
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Structure
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When you preform an action or event, and then you preform the next action, in order. A sequence can contain anynumber of events, but there is no chance to branch off andskip any of the events
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Sequence Structure
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When you ask a question, and depending on the answer, you take one of two courses of action. Then no matter which path you follow, you continue with the next event.
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Decision Structure
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When you are making choices your are also making ....
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Another name for a selection structure
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If-then-else
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Defines one action to be taken when the tested condition is true, and another action to be taken when it is false
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Dual-Alternative Ifs
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You have two choices
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Take action on just one branch of the decsion.
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Single-alternative ifs
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One branch
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The branch of a decision, in which no action is taken
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Null Case
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No Action Case
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When you ask a question; if the answer requires an action, you preform the action and ask the original question again.
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Loop Structure
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Are alternative names for a loop structure.
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Repetition & Iteration
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A loop in which a process continues while some condition continues to be true
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While Loop/Whilie-Do-Loop
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Attaching Structures end-to-end
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Stacking Structures
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Placing a structure whithin another structure,
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Nesting
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A group of statements that execute as a single unit.
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A Block
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The first read or data input statment that occurs before and outside of the loop that preforms the rest of the input statments.
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Primary Read/Prmary Input
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Think first
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You can use _________ when there are several distinct possible values for a single variable you are testing, and each requires a different course of action
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Case Structure
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When you use different just in ...
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You ensure that a procedure executes at least once; then depending on the answer to the controlling question the loop may or may not execute addtional times
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Do Until Loop
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A procedue that doesn't stop until it run out of choices
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Offers two actions, each associated with one of two possible outcomes it is also called an if-then-else structure
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Dual-Alternative, Binary Selection
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Action is required for only one outcome of the question. You call this form of the selection structurean if-then, because no "else" action is necessary.
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Single-Alternative or Unary Selection
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Only one outcome
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An_______of a decision holds the action that results when a Boolean expression in a decision is true.
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If Clause
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When a Boolean Expression is true
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The_____of a decsion holds the action that executes only when Boolean expression in the decsion is false
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Else Clause
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If its not false it's something...
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A ________in one that represents only one of the two states, usually expressed as true or false.
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Boolean Expression
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Created by
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A_____Boolean expression is one that always evaluates to the same results.
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Trivial
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A bigger word for "same"
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Are the symbols that express Boolean comparisons. (i.e. =,>,<,<=,>=,<>
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Relational Comparisons Operators
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2+3 is >= 2+4 what am I doing here
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When you declare an object,each object name is a _____or memory address.
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Refrence
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With a ____decision two conditions must be true for an action to take place.
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AND Decision
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this and that must be true
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AN And decision requires a ____ a decision "inside of" another decision.
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Nested Decsion or Nested IF
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A series of nested statments can also be called a
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Cascading If Statements
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A symbol that you use to combine decisons so that two or more conditions must be true for an action to occur.
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Logiacal AND Operator
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Encompasses every value between a high and low limit.
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Range of Values
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Contains two or more decisions; if at least one condition is met, the resulting action takes place.
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OR Decision
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more than 1 decision
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A symbol that you use to combine decisions when any one conditon can be true for an action to occur.
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Logical OR Operator
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Either
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A symbol that reverses the meaning of a Boolean expression.
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Logical NOT Operator
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What does a boolean expression do?
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When you use a ______you compare a variable to series of values between limits.
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Range Check
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Comparing variables-to-Values
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This value is one that is assigned after all test conditions are found to be false.
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Default Value
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A logical path that can never be traveled
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Dead or Unreachable Path
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You have reached the end of a road
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When an opertor has______,it is evaluated before others.
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Precedence
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This Structure provides a conveniant alternative to using a series of decisions when you must make choices based on the value stored in a single variable.
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Case Structure
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A problem-analysis tool that lists conditions and combinations of outcomes when those conditions are tested, and possible actions based on the outcomes.
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Decision Table
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When you are listing choices these are your...
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Rules of programming languages are.
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Syntax
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A computers on-off circuitry language.
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Machine Language
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This translates a high-level into machine language and tells you if you if you have used a programming language incorrectly.
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Compiler or Interpreter
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This is developed when you give instructions to the computer in a specific squence, without leaving any instructions out or adding extraneous instructions
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Logic
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Logical erros are also called___by programmers
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Semantic Erros
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When a computer actually uses the written and compiled program it is____
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Run or Executed
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What a computer does after instructions
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Internal Storage is also called.
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Memory, Main Memory, Primary Memory
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A permanent storage outside the main memory of the machine, on a device such as a floppy disk, hard disk, or magnetic tape.
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External Storage
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When internal memory is lost every time the computer loses power it is...
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Volatile
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This type of programming focuses on the procedures that programmers create to manipulate data.
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Procedual Programming
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This type of programming focuses on objects or things and describes their features, or attributes and their behaviors
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Object-Oriented Programming
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The____of an object are the featuresit "has"
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Attributes
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The values of an object's attributes consitute the objects____
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State
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The _____of an object are the things it does
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Behaviors
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Defining the objects needed to accomplish a task and developing the objects so that each object maintains its own data and carries out tasks when another object requests them.
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Object-Oriented Approach
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Object
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Rules of programming languages are.
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Syntax
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A computers on-off circuitry language.
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Machine Language
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This translates a high-level into machine language and tells you if you if you have used a programming language incorrectly.
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Compiler or Interpreter
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This is developed when you give instructions to the computer in a specific sequence, without leaving any instructions out or adding extraneous instructions
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Logic
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Final result with a sequence
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Logical erros are also called___by programmers
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Semantic Erros
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When a computer actually uses the written and compiled program it is____
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Run or Executed
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Internal Storage is also called.
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Memory, Main Memory, Primary Memory
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A permanent storage outside the main memory of the machine, on a device such as a floppy disk, hard disk, or magnetic tape.
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External Storage
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When internal memory is lost every time the computer loses power it is...
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Volatile
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This type of programming focuses on the procedures that programmers create to manipulate data.
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Procedual Programming
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This type of programming focuses on objects or things and describes their features, or attributes and their behaviors
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Object-Oriented Programming
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The____of an object are the featuresit "has"
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Attributes
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The values of an object's attributes consitute the objects____
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State
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The _____of an object are the things it does
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Behaviors
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Defining the objects needed to accomplish a task and devloping the objects so thateach objects so that each maintain its own data and carries out tasks when another object requests them.
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Object-Oriented Approach
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Analyzing a system using an object-oriented approach
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Object-Oriented Analysis
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Desiging a system using an object-oriented approach.
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Object-Oriented Design
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The act of identifying all the objects you want to manipulate and how they relate to each other.
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Data Modeling
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Objects are...And relate means
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A general category of objects
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Class
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This means writing the statements in a programming language.
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Coding
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These type of programs are english like
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High-level programming languages
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Statements made up of 1's and 0's that the computer understands.
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Low-level Machine Language
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An error in language or grammer
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Syntax Error
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These types of errors occur when incorrect instructions are preformed, or when instructions are preformed in the wrong order.
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Logical Errors
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The entire set of actions an organization must take to switch over to using a new program or set of programs.
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Conversion
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Another word for switch
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A pictorial representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem
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Flowchart
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English-like representaion of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem
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Pseudocode
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English language is False
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The arrows in a flowchart that show the sequence of steps carried out
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Flowlines
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A program that accomplishes some task.
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Application
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A set of statements that preforms some tasks or group of tasks.
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Method
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The name of a programming object-a class, method,or variable.
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Identifier
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A memory device
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Mnemonic
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These act as mnemonics for hard-to-remember memory addresses
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Variable Identifiers
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How am I suppose to ____the memory addresses
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The format fo naming variables in which multiple-word variable names are run together, and each new word within the variable name begins with an uppercase letter.
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Camel Casing
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This contains the word class and the class identifier;it is the first line written in a class defintion.
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Class Header
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The First Line in a method
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Method Header
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Memory locations whose contents can vary, or differ over time
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Variables or fields
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Where memory is located
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This stores the results of any calculation preformed on its right side to the named location on its left side.
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Assignment Statement
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Another name for Stores is...
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The equal sign is the _____it always requires the name of a memory location on its side.
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Assignment Operator
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A specific numeric value
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Numeric Constant
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Another word for specific
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A literal set of characters enclosed within qutation marks.
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String Constant
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Regisrty and literal
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A single character enclosed in single quotation marks.
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Character Constant
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He is ____smoking
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This hold numeric values
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Numeric Variables
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These hold single character values.
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Character Variables
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These hold a series of characters
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String Variables
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Registry
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A statement that names a variable and tells the computer which type of data to expect.
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Variable Declaration
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Another word for naming something.
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This declares a variable and provides an intial value.
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Initializing
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Think Intial
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These type of values are whole number numeric values.
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Integer Values
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These type of values are fractional numeric variables that contain a decimal point.
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Floating-Point
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Automatically supplied values
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Default Values
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The automatic settings in a computer bios
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An unknown value in an uninitalized variable.
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Garbage Value
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An unprepared paper is ...
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These types of variables have not been provided with a value before you attempt to use them.
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Undefined Variables
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These types of variables have not been provided with a data type or identifier.
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Undeclared Variables
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A series of steps, or phases
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Development Cycle
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A__________breaks the development cycle into series of tasks.
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Methodology
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Verifies that the requirements are complete and translate user requirements into technical requirements, including decriptions of the program's inputs, processing, outputs an interface.
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Analyze Requirements
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To develop a detailed, logical plan using a tool such as a flowchart or pseudocode. Design the user interface for the application, including, input areas, and other necessary elements.
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Design Solution
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Step through the solution design with test data. Receive confirmation from the user that the esign solves the problem in a satisfactory manner.
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Validate Design
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Translate the design into a program using a pogramming language or programming environment; include internal documentation, or comments which are notes within the code that explain the purpose of code statements.
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Implment Design
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Test the program, finding and correcting errors until it is error free and contains enough safeguards to ensure the desired results.
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Test Solution/Debugging
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Review and, if necessary, revise internal documentation. Formalize and complete end-user (external) documentation
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Document Solution
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Lists the functions and features that the program must provide for its end user.
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Requirements Document
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When a program is loades into the memory and the program is executed, you are doing this..
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Running or Executing the program
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This has a text-based interface that allows users to enter input using the keyboard and display output as text.
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Console Window
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This graphically represents the logic used to develop an algorithm.
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Flowchart
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The method or solution choses to solve a problem
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Algorithim
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Contains buttons or boxes that execute commonly used commands.
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Standard Toolbar
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A group of projects and related files.
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Solution
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Provides an area where you can edit and view code.
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Code Window
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Another name for code
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Module
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A section of code that performs a specific task, such as a calculation
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Procedure
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This anticapates your needs during coding and diplays prompts to assit you.
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Intelli Sense
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an error caused by code statments that violate ont of the structure or syntax rules of Visual Basic
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Syntax Error
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225,0.05,78.28,"yes","no" are ....
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Values
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Represents a names location in a computer memory that can change values as the code executes.
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Variable
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Represents a names location in computer memory, but its value cannot change during execution of code.
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Constant
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When you_________ a variable you tell Visual Basic the name and data type of the variable or constant you want to use.
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Declare
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Determines what kind of data the variable or constant can store.
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Data Type
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A type of instuction that tells the program to manipulate values, generates outouts, or performs actions.
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Method
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This method exectutes, the text in qutoes within the parenteses is displayed in the Console window and the insertion point is positioned at the end of the text.
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Consol.Write()method
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Used to assign the desired value to a variable
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Assignment Statement
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A statement that performs a calculation, manipulates characters, or tests data.
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Expression
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Reads all of the data input by the user until the user presses the ENTER key.
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Console.ReadLine() method
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Any expression that can be evaluated as a number
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Numeric Expression
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Used to manipulate two or more numeric values.
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Arithmetic Operator
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A predetermined order that defines the sequence in which operators are evaluated and resolved when several operation occur in an expression.
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Order of operator precedence
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Used to divide two numbers and then return the remainder of the division operationn as an integer.
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Mod operator/Modulo operator
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This method addtionally starts a new line after writing information to the Consol window
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Console.Write line() method
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This joins two pieces of informatin
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String concatenation (&) operator
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This method waits for the user to press a key before the program exits.
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Console.Read()method
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Problems that arise during the coding phase
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Bugs
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When a project is ran the IDE enters a mode called
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Run Time
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A printed record is also called.
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Hard Copy Output
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This indicates that a line of code wwas too lng to print on one line and is continued on the next line.
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Continuation Marker
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Contains documents, examples, articles, and other information about the Visual Basic language and environment.
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Visual Basic.NET Help
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Displays information for whatener task or window you are working with in the IDE.
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Dynamic Help
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An extension of the If...Then...Else structure in which more than two alternatives exist
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Select Case Structure
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Used to implement the If...then...Else structure
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If...Then...Else statment
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Used to implement the Select Case Structure
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Select Case Statement
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This condition specifies a relationship between expression that either is true or false.
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Relational Expression
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This is used to preform a single task when the condition in the statment is true
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Single-line If...Then...Else statement
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Used to execute more than one statment in a response to a condition
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block If...Then...Else statement
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Describes where a variable is valid within code.
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Block-Level Scoping
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Variables that are used to keep a tally of how many times a specific activity occurs in a code.
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Counter
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A structure in which the action to be taken for the true or false case includdes yest another structure.
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Nested If...Then...Else structure
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An expression is called a ___________When two or more conditions are combined with these or other logical operators.
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Compound Condition
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This operator allows you to write a condition in which the true value is complemented or reversed.
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Not logical operator
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This operator is used to combine two or more relational expressions in a condition.
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The And Logical Operator
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This operator requires only one of two or more conditions to be true for the compound condition to be true.
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Or Logical Operator
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This operator requires one of the two conditions to be true for the compound condition to be true.
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Xor logical operator
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These operators are similar to the "And" and "Or" logical operators but includes a feature called short-circuting.
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AndAlso logical operator and the ORElse logical operator
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This feature evaluates only one side of either the 'AndAlso' and 'OrElse' logical operators. If the left side of the AndAlso operator evaluates False the right side is not evaluated. if the OrElse operator evaluates True, the right side is not evaluated.
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Short-Circuting
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The order in which a series of logical operators are evaluated is called.
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Rules of Precedence
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This allows a, is identified by th programmer to represent many values of the same type with one variable name.
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Array
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The variable name assigned to represent an array is ...
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Array Name
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Each variable, or element, stored in the array is identified by the array name and distinguished form one another by an ___or___
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Index or Subscript
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The main function of this is to declare to Visual basic the necessary information about the allocation of storage locations in memory for array use in a program.
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Dim statement for arrays
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The value used to start addressing the elements in the array.
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Lower-bound value of 0
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Defines the highest value in the range of permissable values for the index of an element.
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Upper-bound Value
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An array with oly on dimension
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One-dimensionl array
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An array with more than one dimension is called a
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Multidimensional Array
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This indicates that the line of code continues on the next line and is used to increase the readibility of code.
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Line-Continuation Character
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These can be used in coding a program, two of which contain the decision to terminate the looping at the top of the control structure and two of which contain the decision to terminate the looping at the bottom of the control structure.
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Do...Loop structures
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Can be used to implement the four types of control structures
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Do Statement
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When statements execute until a condition is met or while a condition is true. Statments can execute infinitely which is called_____
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Infinite Loop
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This statement is used to create a Do While structure.
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Do While statement
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This statement repeatedly executes the series of statments in the loop as, or while, the condition is true.
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Do While structure
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This statment is used to createa Do Until structure.
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Do Until statment
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This structure repeatedly executes a series of instructions until the condition is true.
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Do Until structure
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This method returns the upper-bound value of a dimension of an array.
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GetUpperbound()method
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The set of statments beginning with the For statment and continuing up to and including the Next statment that has the same loop variable.
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Range
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The number of iterations or repetions, specified by a For statment can be computed what formula.
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LimitValue-IntialValue/IncrementValue + 1
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This statment is used when looping situations require a premature exit from the loop.
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Exit Statement
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