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132 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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value change
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a series of activities that includes inbound logistics, warehouse and storage, production, finished product storage, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and customer service
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Technology acceptmance model
(TAM) |
describes factors that lead to higher levels of acceptance and usage of technology
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technology diffusion
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measure of how widely technology is spread throughout the organization
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technology infusion
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extent to which technology is deeply integrated into an area or dept
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5 forces model
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5 key factors that can lead to attainment of competitive adv.
1. rivalry 2. threat of new entrants 3. threat of subsittute poroducts/services 4. bargaining pwt of buyers 5. bargaining pwr of suppliers |
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productivity
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(output/input) x 100%
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IS organization responsibilities
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operations, systems development, support
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IS
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set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store, disseminate data and info and provide a feedback mech to meet an objective
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CBIS
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single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, process data into into
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hardware
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computer equipment used to perform input, precessing, output activities
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ERP
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set of integrated programs capable of managing a company's vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organization
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MIS
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an organized collection of ppl, procedures, software, databases, devices that provides routine info to managers/decision makers
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DSS
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organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, devices used to support problem-specific decision making
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value chain
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series of activities that includes inbound logistics, warehouse and storage, production, finished product storage, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and customer service
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TAM
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model that describes factors that lead to higher levels of acceptance and usage of technology
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valuable information
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accurate, complete, economical to produce, flexible, reliable, simple to understand, timely, verifiable, accessible, secure
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4 basic groups of systems
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1. e-commerce/m-commerce
2. TPS, ERP 3. MIS, DSS |
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value chain
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inbound lgoistics
warehouse/storage production finished product storage outbound logistics marketing and sales customer service |
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multiprocessing
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simultaneous execution of 2 or more instructions at the same time
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multicore microprocessor
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combines 2 or more independent processors into a single computer so they can share the workload and deliver a big boost in processing capacity
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parallel processing
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simultaneous execution of same task on multiple processors in order to obtain results faster
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grid computing
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use of collection of computers often owned by multiple individuals or organizations, to work in a coordinated manner to solve a common problem
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CPU
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part of computer that consists of three associated elements: ALU, control unit, register areas
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ALU
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part of CPU that performs math calcs and makes logical comparisons
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ALU
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part of CPU that performs mathematical calculations and makes logical comparisons
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control unit
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part of CPU that sequentially accesses program instructions, decodes them, and coordinates the flow of data in and out of ALU, the registers, primary storage, and even 2ndary storage, various output devices
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clock speed
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series of electronic pulses produced at a predetermined rate that affects machine cycle time
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RAM
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form of memory in which instructions or data can be temp stored
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ROM
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nonvolatile form of memory
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sequential access
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retrieval method in which data must be accessed in order in which it is stored
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direct access
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data can be retrieved w/o need to read and discard other data
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magnetic tape
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2ndary storage medium, mylar film coated w/ iron oxide w/ portions of tape magnetized tgo rep bits
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magnetic disk
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bits rep by magnetized areas
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RAID
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method of storing data that generates extra bits of data from existing data, allowing the system to create a "reconstruction map" so that if a hard drive fails, system can rebuild lost data
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SAN
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tech that provides high speed connections btw data-storage devices and computers over a network
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DBMS
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a group of programs that manipulate the database and provide an interface btw the database and the user of the database and other application programs
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DBA
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skilled IS professional who directs all activities related to database
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field
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typically a name, number, combo of characters that describes an aspect of a business/activity
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hierarchy of data
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bits
characters fields records files databases |
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entity
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generalized class of people, places, things for which data is collected, stored maintained
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attribute
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characteristic of an entity
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data item
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specific value of an attribute
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key
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field/set of fields in a record that is used to identify the record
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primary key
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field or set of fields that uniquely ID's record
-employee number |
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traditional approach to data management
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separate data files created/stored for each application program
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database approach to data management
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pool of related data is shared by multiple application programs
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planned data redundancy
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way of organizing data in which the logical database design is altered so that certain data entities are combined, summary totals are carried in the data records rather than calculated from elemental data, some data attributes are repeated in more than one data entity to improve database performance
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enterprise data modeling
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data modeling done at the level of the entire enterprise
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entity-relationship diagrams
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data models that use basic graphical symbols to show the organization of and relationships btw data
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relational model
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describes data in which all data elements are placed in 2D tables(relations) that are logical equivalent of files
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selecting
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manipulating data to eliminate rows according to certain criteria
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projecting
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manipulating data to eliminate columns in a table
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joining
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manipulating data to combine 2+ tables
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linking
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manipulating 2+ tables that share at least one common data attribute to provide useful info and reports
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schema
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description of entire database
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DDL
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collection of instructions/commands used to define and describe data and relationships in specific database
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concurrency control
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method of dealing w/ a situation in which 2+ ppl need access the same record in database at the same time
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DML
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commands that are used to manipulate data in database
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data administrator
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nontech position responsible for defining and implementing consistent principles for a variety of data issues
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data warehouse
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database that collects business info from many sources in the enterprise, covering all aspects of the company's processes, products, customers
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data mart
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subset of data warehouse
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data mining
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info-analysis tool that involves the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in data warehouse
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predictive analysis
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form of data mining that combines historical data w/ assumptions about future conditions to predict outcomes of events such as future product sales
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business intelligence
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gather enough of right info in timely manner, usable form, analyze to have positive impact o business strategy
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competitive intelligence
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limited to info about competitors and ways that knowledge affects strategy
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counterintelligence
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steps org takes to protect info sought by hackers
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distributed databse
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database in which data can be spread across smaller databases connected via telecommunication devices
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replicated database
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holds duplicate set of frequently used data
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OLAP
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software that allows users to explore data from a number of prospectives
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object-oriented database
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stores both data and processing instructions
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OODBMS
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group of programs that manipulate an object-oriented database/provide user interface, connections to other application programs
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ORDBMS
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DBMS capable of manipulating audio, video, graphical data
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channel bandwidth
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rate at which data is exchanged over a comunication channel usually measured in bps
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broadband communications
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telecommunications system in which a very high rate of data exchange is possible
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DSL
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high-speed internet accessto homes over existing phone lines of local telephone network
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computer network
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communications media, devices, software needed to connect two or more computer systems and/or devices
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PAN
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network that supports interconnection of information technology within a range of 33 ft or so
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LAN
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network that connects computer systems and devices within a small area like an office, home, several floors of building
ex: google earth |
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MAN
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connects users and devices in geographical area that spans city/campus
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WAN
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network that ties together large geographic regions
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mesh networking
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a way to route communications btw network notes by allowing for continuous connections and reconfiguration around blocked paths by "hopping" from node to node until a connection can be established
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centralized processing
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processing occurs at a single location or facility
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distributed processing
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computers placed ta remote locations but are connected to each other via network
-can allocated data to locations that process it most efficiently |
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decentralized processing
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good for compnaies that have independent operating divisions: Valero Energy Corp
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switch
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`uses physical device address in each incoming message on the network to determine to which output port it should forward the message to reach another device on the same network
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bridge
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connects LAN to another LAN that uses same communications protocol
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router
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forwards data packets across two or more distinct networks toward their destinations
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gateway
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servces as entrace to another network
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NOS
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systems software that controls computer systems on a network and allows them to communicate w/ each other
ex: NetWare |
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network-management-software
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enables manager on a netwokrked desktop to monitor the use of individual computers/shared hardware, scan for viruses, ensure compliance w/ software licenses
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ARPANET
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project of DoD in 1969 as an experiment in reliable networking and means to link DoD and military research contractors
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IP
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communication standard that enables traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed
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TCP
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widely used Transport-layer protocol that most Internet apps use w/ IP
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backbone
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Internet's high-speed long-distance communications links
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SLIP
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communications protocol that transmits packets over telephone lines
like a PPP |
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XML
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markup language for Web documents containing structured information, including words, pictures, other elements
-no predefined tag sheet |
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applet
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small program embedded in Web pages
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meta-search engine
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submits keywords to several search engines/returns results from all search engies queried
-dogpile |
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push technology
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automatic transmission of information over the internet rather than making users search for it w/ their browers
-buddy lists/instant messaging? |
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bot
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searches Web for info, products, prices
ex: hotobot.com |
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tunneling
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process by which VPNs transfer info by encapuslating traffic in IP packets over the Internet.
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CA
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trusted 3rd party org that issues digital certificate
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SSL
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communications protocol used to secure sensitive data during e-commerce
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enterprise system
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central to org thta ensures info can be shared across all business functions and levels of management to support the running/managing of business
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OLTP
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for of data processing where each transaction is processed immediately w/o delay of accumulating transactions into a batch
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transaction processing cycle
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data collection, editing, correction , manipulation, storage, document production
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accounting systems
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budget, accounts receivable, payroll, asset management, general ledger
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problem solving
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intellignece, design, choice, implementation, monitoring
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programmed decision
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decision made using a rule, procedure, quantitative method
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heuristics
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commonly accepted guidelines or procedures that usually find a good solution
rules of thumb |
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EOQ
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the quantity that should be reordered to minimize total inventory costs
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ROP
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critical inventory quantity level
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MRP
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set of inventory-control techniques that help coordinate thousands of inventory intems when the demand of one item is dependent on the demand for another
goal: determine when finished products are needed |
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CAM
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system that directly controls manufacturing equip
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CIM
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computers link components of productino process into effective system
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FMS
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allows manufacturing facilities to rapidly change from making one product to another
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ad hoc DSS
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DSS concerned with situations or decisions that come up only a few times during the life of the organization
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institutional DSS
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DSS that handles situations or decisions that occur more than once
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delphi approach
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decision-making appraoch in which group decision makers are geographically disperced
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nominal group technique
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encourages feedback from individual group members, final decision by voting
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systems analyst
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professional who specializes in analyzing/designing business systems
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programmer
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responsible for modifying/developing programs to satisfy user requirements
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SDLC
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traditional, prototyping, rapid application development, end-use development
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traditional SDLC
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investigation, analysis, design, implementation, maintenance, review
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prototyping
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iterative approach, requirements/alternative solns to the problem are identified/analyzed, new solns designed, portion of system implemented
user review used |
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RAD
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employs tools, techniques, methods deigned to speed application development
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JAD
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process for data collection and requirements analysis in whihc users, stakeholders, IS professionals work together to analyze existing systems, propose possible solns, define requirements of a new/mod system
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end-user systems development
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any system development project in which business managers and users assume the primary effort
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CASE
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tools that automate many of the tasks required in a systems development effort and encourage adherence to SDLC
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OOSD
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combines logic of systems development life cycle with power of object-oriented modeling/programming
identify potential problems/opportunities w/in organization that would be appropriate for OO approach define what kind of system users require design system program/modify modules eval by users periodic review/modification |
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feasibility analysis
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asses technical, economic, legal, operational, schedule feasibility
-part of systems investigation |
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technical feasibility
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hardware, software, other system components can be acquired or developed to solve the problem.
-part of systems investigation |
