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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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telecommunications medium
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Anything that carries an electronic signal and interfaces between a sending device and a receiving device.
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local exchange carrier (LEC)
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A public telephone company in the United States that provides service to homes and businesses within its defined geographical area called its local access and transport area (LATA).
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competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC)
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A company that is allowed to compete with the LECs, such as a wireless, satellite, or cable service provider.
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long-distance carrier
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A traditional long-distance phone provider, such as AT&T, Sprint, or MCI.
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computer network
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The communications media, devices, and software needed to connect two or more computer systems or devices.
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centralized processing
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The processing alternative in which all processing occurs in a single location or facility.
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decentralized processing
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The processing alternative in which processing devices are placed at various remote locations.
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distributed processing
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The processing alternative in which computers are placed at remote locations but connected to each other via a network.
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terminal-to-host
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An architecture in which the application and database reside on one host computer, and the user interacts with the application and data using a “dumb” terminal.
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file server
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An architecture in which the application and database reside on the one host computer, called the file server.
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client/server
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An architecture in which multiple computer platforms are dedicated to special functions, such as database management, printing, communications, and program execution.
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personal area network (PAN)
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A network that supports the interconnection of information technology within a range of 33 feet or so.
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local area network (LAN)
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A network that connects computer systems and devices within the same geographic area.
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metropolitan area network (MAN)
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A telecommunications network that connects users and their computers within a geographical area larger than that covered by a LAN, but smaller than the area covered by a WAN, such as a city or college campus.
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wide area network (WAN)
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A network that ties together large geographic regions.
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international network
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A network that links systems between countries.
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communications software
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The software that provides a number of important functions in a network, such as error checking and data security.
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communications protocol
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A standard set of rules that control a telecommunications connection.
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network operating system (NOS)
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The systems software that controls the computer systems and devices on a network and allows them to communicate with each other.
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network management software
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The software that enables a manager on a networked desktop to monitor the use of individual computers and shared hardware (like printers), scan for viruses, and ensure compliance with software licenses.
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Internet
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A collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information.
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ARPANET
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A project started by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) in 1969 as both an experiment in reliable networking and a means to link DoD and military research contractors, including a large number of universities doing military-funded research.
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Internet Protocol (IP)
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The communications standard that enables traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed.
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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
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A widely used transport-layer protocol that is used in combination with IP by most Internet applications.
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backbone
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One of the Internet's high-speed, long-distance communications links.
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Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
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An assigned address on the Internet for each computer.
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Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
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A communications protocol that transmits packets over telephone lines.
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Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
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A communications protocol that transmits packets over telephone lines.
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Internet service provider (ISP)
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Any company that provides individuals or organizations with access to the Internet.
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World Wide Web (WWW, or W3)
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A collection of tens of thousands of independently owned computers that work together as one in an Internet service.
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home page
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A cover page for a Web site that has graphics, titles, and text.
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hypermedia
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The tools that connect the data on Web pages, allowing users to access topics in whatever order they want.
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Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
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The standard page description language for Web pages.
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HTML tags
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The codes that let the Web browser know how to format text–as a heading, as a list, or as body text–and whether images, sound, and other elements should be inserted.
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Web browser
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The software that creates a unique, hypermedia-based menu on a computer screen, providing a graphical interface to the Web.
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search engine
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A Web search tool.
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Java
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An object-oriented programming language from Sun Microsystems based on C++ that allows small programs (applets) to be embedded within an HTML document.
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Web services
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The standards and tools that streamline and simplify communication among Web sites for business and personal purposes.
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instant messaging
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A method that allows two or more individuals to communicate online using the Internet.
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Web log (blog)
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A Web site that people can create and use to write about their observations, experiences, and feelings on a wide range of topics.
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chat room
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A facility that enables two or more people to engage in interactive “conversations” over the Internet.
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content streaming
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A method for transferring multimedia files over the Internet so that the data stream of voice and pictures plays more or less continuously without a break, or very few of them; enables users to browse large files in real time.
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bot
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A software tool that searches the Web for information, products, prices, and so forth.
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Web auction
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An Internet site that matches people who want to sell products and services with people who want to purchase those products and services.
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intranet
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An internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and products; used by employees to gain access to corporate information.
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extranet
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A network based on Web technologies that links selected resources of a company's intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners.
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virtual private network (VPN)
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A secure connection between two points across the Internet.
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tunneling
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The process by which VPNs transfer information by encapsulating traffic in IP packets over the Internet.
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cookie
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A text file that an Internet company can place on the hard disk of a computer system to track user movements.
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cryptography
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The process of converting a message into a secret code and changing the encoded message back to regular text.
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encryption
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The conversion of a message into a secret code.
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digital signature
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The encryption technique used to verify the identity of a message sender for processing online financial transactions.
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firewall
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A device that sits between an internal network and the Internet, limiting access into and out of a network based on access policies.
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