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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an information system?
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A group of components that interact to produce information. The five components of an IS are computer hardware, software, data, procedures, and people.
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What is MIS?
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MIS is the development and use of information systems that help businesses achieve their goals and objectives.
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How does IS differ from IT?
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IT refers to methods, inventions, standards, and products. It refers to the raw technology and it concerns only the hardware, software, and data components of an IS. IT by itself will not help an organization reach its goals.
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How do successful business professionals use IS?
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They use IS to complete tasks and give their company a competitive advantage over the competition. They use IS to create innovative technology that becomes cost savings for the company or helps the company gain more revenue.
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What new opportunities for IS are developing today?
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Free data storage is so cheap right now that it is essentially free when compared to other business expenses. Getty images has taken advantage of this opportunity and almost all revenue they make goes straight to the bottom line. Media partners- automated training program with exams and videos on customer service. / Moores Law- processing speed doubles every 18 months/ the price to performance ratio of computers has dropped dramatically as a result of moores law.
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What is collaboration?
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When two or more people work together toward a common goal, result, or product.
I.E. 2 people working together to set up a computer or all of the thousands of employees at microsoft working together worldwide to increase the share price of their stock. people working on projects with one or a few skills or many skills |
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How do teams use IS to communicate?
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Written communication- email/im, blogs, wikis, team portals(sharepoint) verbal communication- Phone/VOIP, Podcasts, IS that supports meetings- conference calls, video conferencing, webex, webcasts
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How do teams use IS to share resources?
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Configuration Management systems- controls and tracks changes to a shared work product
WorkFlow control systems- monitor the execution of a teams processes. Ensure that appropriate actions are taken at appropriate times and prohibit the skipping of steps or tasks. Knowledge Management System- store and facilitate the sharing of knowledge between employees |
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How do teams use IS to manage projects?
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Team portals to share plans, calendars, and schedules, project management systems(microsoft project), issues/results databases (failure tracking databases)
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How do the different types of IS relate to different kinds of collaboration?
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For teams with employees with few skills, the focus of the IS is on knowlege. Many skills- focus on websites, team portals. single work product- focus on systems for project management. many work products- focus on results, quotas, blogs, and systems to support competitive contests.
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What is a business process?
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A business process is a network of activities, resources, facilities, and information that interact to achieve some business funcion. I.E. Inventory Management processes. Microsoft Visio.
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What are the components of a business process?
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Activities- transform resources and information of one type into resources and information of another type.
Resources- items that are valuable to a process. Facilities- structures used within the business process. I.E. Inventories and Databases Information- used by activities to determine how to transform the inputs they receive into the outputs they produce |
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What is information?
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knowledge derived from data. I.E. The fact that James earns $5/hr is data. The statement that the average wage of the garden department is $4.50 is information. Data represented in a meaningful context. Good information is accurate, timely, relevant, just barely sufficient, and worth its cost.
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What is the role of information in business processes?
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A business process generates information by bringing together important items of data in context. A business process will generate information that will be useful to management and strategy decisions.
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How do information systems support business processes?
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They are used by the activities in a business process. In some processes several activities use one IS. In others each activity has its own information system.
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What is the difference between structured and unstructured decisions?
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Structured decision- There is an understood and accepted method for making the decision. I.E. A formula for computing the reorder quantity of an item in inventory.
Unstructured decision- There is no agreed on decision making method. I.E. Predicting the future direction of the economy. |
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What is the difference between augmentation and automation?
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Automated- hardware and software components do most of the work. I.E. An IS that computes the quantity of items to order for inventory.
Augmented- humans do most of the work. I.E. IS supplements or supports work of people like email, im, videoconferencing. |
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How does organizational strategy determine information system structure?
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Organizations examine the structure of their industry and determine a competitive strategy. That strategy determines value chains, which in turn determine business processes. The nature of business processes determines the structure of an IS.
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What five forces determine industry structure?
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Five forces determine industry profitability: Bargaining power of customers, threat of substitutions, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of new entrants, rivalry among existing firms.
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What is competitive strategy?
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A response to the structure of a firms industry. Four fundamental strategies- 1. focus on being cost leader across the industry. 2. focus on being cost leader withing a specific industry segment. 3. Focus on providing a differentiated product across the industry. 4. Focus on focus on providing a differentiated product within an industry segment.
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What is a value chain?
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A network of value creating activities. Five primary activities and four support activities. Primary- 1. Inbound logistics. 2. Operations. 3. Outbound logistics. 4. Marketing and Sales. 5. Service Support- 1. Firm infrastructure 2. Human Resources 3. Technology development 4. Procurement
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How do value chains determine business processes and information systems?
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Value chains contain one or more business processes for every part of the chain. Depending on competitive strategy, Information systems may be used to support business processes. I.E. to provide better service to the customer by storing customer data. a form of differentiation.
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How do information systems provide competitive advantages?
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They can provide a competitive advantage through providing support or service for products. I.E. IS can store customer data to provide more efficient service by storing shipping adresses and names and data in a database.
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What are the benefits of knowledge management?
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knowledge management fosters innovation by encouraging the free flow of ideas, improves customer service by streamlining response time, boosts revenues by getting products and services to market faster, enhances employee retention rates by recognizing the value of employees' knowledge and rewarding them for it, streamlines operations and reduces costs by elminating redundant or unneccessary processes
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What are content management systems?
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IS's that track organizational documents, webpages, graphics, and related materials. KM cotent management systems are concerned withthe creation, management, and delivery of documents that exist for the purpoe of imparting knowledge. I.E. Google
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What are the challenges of content management?
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Changing information- roughly 5% of content on microsoft.com changes every day. Documents do not exist in isolation from eachother, some documents refer to other documents as well. Document contents are perishable and sometimes become obsolete. Every document must be translated into all languages that might be using the documents.
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What does a manager need to know about computer hardware?
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They need to know the basic functions of each component of hardware and they have to decide what hardware will best suit their firm. Needs to know about input and output devices, processing, and storage hardware. Needs to know how a computer works.
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What is the difference between a client and a server?
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Users employ client computers for word processing, spreadsheets, database access, and so forth, Client computers usually supply a way to connect to a network as well. Servers provide a service. Host databases, run a blog, publish a web site, or sell goods. Servers are larger, faster, and more powerful than client computers.
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What does a manager need to know about software?
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Needs to know about the four main operating systems and which ones they shoud employ for their organization. They need to know what kinds of applications exist and how they can obtain them. Difference between thick and thin client- thin- application that requires nothing more than a browser. thick- require programs other than a browser
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What buying decisions do managers make?
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They have to determine what operating system the copany will purchase. They have to decide what horizontal software they need to purchase i.e. microsoft office. Decide what vertical and custom server software to purchase as well as test it.
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What process should a manager use for establishing a budget?
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Determine the base requirements(types of work performed, hardware and software requirements for each task), Forecast requirement changes during the budget period(Changes in # of employees,workload, mandatory changes in hardaware or software), Prepare the budget(Using guidance from IT dpt price hardware and software)
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What is the role of the IT department?
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Maintain networks, administer databases, developing and installing new sytems. Set standards on hardware and software users can employ. Decide on OS.
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What is the purpose of a database?
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The purpose of a database is to keep track of things. It differs from a spreadsheet in that it is multi dimensional. it is for lists with many themes
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What does a database contain?
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A collection of integrated records. contains data sorted into fields and records. contains relationships among data. contains metadata or data that describes data.
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What is a dbms and what does it do?
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A program used to create, process, and administer a database. I.E. DB2, Access, SQL Server, Oracle. A software program.
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What is a database application?
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A collection of forms, reports, queries, and applications that process a database. A db may have more than one application, and each application may have more than one user.
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What is the difference between an enterprise and a personal DBMS?
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Enterprise- process large organizational and workgroup databases. These products support many users and database apps.Personal are designed for smaller simpler db apps. Used by less than 100 people often just 1.
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How are database application systems developed?
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Developers interview users and develop requirements for the new system, examine existing forms, reports, and queries. then requirements for the database are summarized in something called a data model. once users have validated dada model it is transformed into a db design. After that the design is implemented in a db and that database is then filled with user dataa.
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What are the components of the entity-relationship data model?
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Entities, relationships, attributes, and identifiers. entity is something users want to track. relationships are similarities between entities. attributes describe characteristics of the entity. identifier is an attribute or group of attributes whose value is associated with one and only one entity instance.
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How is a data model transformed into a database design?
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By converting tables, relationships, and data constraints. Normalization- converting poorly structured tables into two more well structured tables. Representing relationships.
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