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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what was the ENIAC and who created it?
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-first electronic computer, which was much faster
-Eckert and Mochley |
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what was the UNIVAC and who created it?
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-first business computer, first non- militant computer,predicted election in 1952, first to be able to store programs
-created by eckert and mochley |
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the case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data and keeps everything together is called what?
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system unit
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what are components within the system unit?
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processor, memory, adapter cards(sound and video), ports, drive bays, power supply
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what is a motherboard?
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-main circuit in system unit where everything goes thru.-also known as the system board
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what is a chip?
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small piece of semi- conducting material on which integrated circuits are etched
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what is a CPU?
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Central Processing Unit
-interprets and carries out basic instructions that operate a computer |
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what are some names of processors and biggest companies?
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Processors
-Celeron, Pentium, Athlon,Centino Companies -INTEL, AMD |
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what are the 2 parts within the CPU and what do they do?
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1. Control Unit- directs and coordinates operations in computer
2.Arithmatic Logic Unit (ALU)- performs arithmatic, comparison, and logical operations |
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what is the machine cycle that the CPU goes thru?
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1. Fetch
2. Translates (decodes) 3. Execute 4. Store |
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what is pipelining?
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as it works on one thing it goes on to another task (multi- tasking)
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what is a sytem clock and at what speed does it operate?
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-an internal monitering system that controls timing of all computer operations
-speeds are in gigabytes |
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what is paralell prcocessing?
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using multiple processors simultaneously
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how do computers represent data?
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1.most are digital
2.recognize only 2 discret staus: on/off 3.use binary system to recognize 2 states 4. use number system w/ 2 unique digits 0&1 called bits and bytes |
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what is a bit and byte?
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bit- short for binary digits
byte- series of 8 bits and provides enough combonations to have 256 different combos |
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what is memory?
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-electronic component that stores instructions,data, and results
-consists of one or more chips on motherboard |
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how is memory measured from smallest to the most bytes?
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kilbyte(thousand), Megabyte(million), gigabyte(billion), terabyte(trillion)
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what is RAM?
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-considered the main memory
-volatile (goes away when computer turns off) |
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what are the 2 basic types of RAM chips?
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-Static RAM(SRAM): faster, more expensive, and reliable (doesn't have to be re-energized as much as DRAM)
-Dynamic RAM(DRAM):you get more of this(must re- energized often) |
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what is ROM?
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read only memory
-memory chips that store permanent data and instructions -non-volatile(it is not lost when computers power is turned off) |
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what are the 5 types of memories?
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-RAM
-ROM -Cache -flash memory -CMOS |
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What is flash memory?
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-used for things like digital cameras
-nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten -used for smaller devies |
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what is cache memory?
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-helps speed computer processes by storing frequently used intructions and data
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this is said to be part on static...?
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cache memory
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what is CMOS?
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-Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor memory
-battery back up for computer (date, time, computer start up info) |
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what is access time?
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measured in nano seconds (1billionth of a second..faster than blinking of eye)
-amount of time it takes processes to read data from memory |
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what is an adapter card?
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small circuit board in motherboard
-enhances system unit/ provides connections to external devices called peripherals |
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what is an expansion slot?
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-opening or socket for extra adapter cards/ devices
-plug and play (printers) |
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what is a flash memory card?
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allows data to transfer data from mobile devices to desktop (USB flash drive)
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what are ports and connectors?
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-connects external devices to system unit
-joins cable to peripheral (comes in two genders..male/female) |
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what are the 2 types of ports?
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*serial: first and slowest port we've had
-connects slow speed devices such as mouse and keyboard **only one bit at a time..0 or 1 *parallel: connects devices that can transfer more than one bit at a time, such as printer |
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what what is a USB?
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Universal Serial Bus
can connect up to 127 different peripherals together w/ a single connector type |
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what are fire wire ports?
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-connects multiple types of devices that require faster transmission device
-faster than USB, connects 63 devices |
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what is a Bus and Bay?
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-transportation channek that allows devices inside computer to communicate w/ each other
-can add new internal features/ used to install additional equipment |
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what is an example of a Bay and what does it do?
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drive bay: typically hold disk drives
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what type of memory would you add to your computer if you wanted it to be faster?
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RAM
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what is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?...what does it stand for?
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*Hyper Text Transfer Protocol-standard way to transfer text/ data
*HTTPS- adds security (when giving personal info.) |
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this is said to give you extra security when it comes to storage?
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it stands for secure, socknet, layers (SSL)
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what is storage?
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holds instructions, data, and information for later use
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what is storage capacity measured in?
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in bytes:
-kilo~thousand -MB~million -TB~trillion |
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what is a storage medium?
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-non-volatile
-is physical material used for storage |
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where are the six places you can back up files?
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Hard drive, USB drive, CD/DVD, My backpack, upload to website, email attachment
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what is a floppy disk and how much memory can it hold?
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portable and in expensive
-can hold 1.44MB |
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how mauch can a zip disk store?
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100MB to 750 MB of data
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what is a hard disk and how many bytes can it store?
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-High capacity storage
-components enclosed in air tight, sealed for protection (internal to computer) *40-160 gigabytes |
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what is a miniture hard disk?
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provide users w/ greater capacities than flash memory
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what are optical dics?
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CDs/ DVDs
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what is a CD-ROM and how much can it store?
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compact disc read-only memory
-can't erase or modify contents -650MB to 1GB |
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what is the difference between a CD-R and a CD-RW?
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-compact disc recordable
~disc u can write on once -compact disc re-writable ~erasable disc you can write on multiple times |
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what is a DVD-ROM?
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digital versatile disc-ROM/ video disc -ROM
-high capacity disc capable of storing 4.7GB to 17GB -stores databases, music, complex software |
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this is said to have the longest life expectancy?
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micofilm- microfiche
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what is a tape and how does it store data?
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-magnetically coated plastic ribbon capable of storing large amounts of data @ low cost
-used for backup...stores data by sequential access(go thru whole tape, can't go directly to certain section like DVD..direct access) |
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what does the U in USB Flash drive stand for...what is its storage capacity?
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-U stands for Universal
stores up to 4GB |
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what is a smart card and where does it store its data?
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-credit cards that can provide functions
-stores data on microprocessor embedded in small card |
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what type of byte is RAM measured in ...how much can it store?
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measured in MB
stores up to 256-1024MB (1GB) |
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when it comes to processors, the higher the gigahertz the what?
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the faster
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harddrive is measured in what type of byte...how much canit store?
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GB 60-250
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in recitation, what were the most common processers?
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Athlon and Sempron
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what are some things that you should look for when buying a computer?
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-desktop/ laptop
-budget -software programs -warranty -weight/battery life/ size -rebates |
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what is another name for system unit?
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chassis
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this contains adapter cards, memory chips, and processor chips...?
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motherboard
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what is a register?
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temporary high speed storage area that holds instructions and data
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what are heat sinks, heat pipes, and liquid cooling?
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*heat sinks- components w/ fins that cools processor
*heat pipe-smaller device for notebook computers *liquid cooling-uses a continous flow of fluids to transfer heat away |
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each byte in memory is stored in a unique location called what?
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address
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what does RAM stand for?
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Random Access Memory
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where does memory reside?
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on small circuit board called memory module
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what are the 4 types of cache memories?
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-L1: cache built into processor
-L2:cache slower but has larger capacity -L2 advanced transfer cache: is faster, built directly on processor chip -L3:is seperat from processor chip on motherboard(is only on computers that use L2 advanced transfer cache) |
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what are some example of connectors?
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USB drive, telephone line in, printer, mouse, headphone
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this allows users to attach specialized peripherals or transmit data to wireless devices...?
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special -purpose ports
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how does volatility compare between memory and storage medium?
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~memory- is volatile, holds data & instructions temporarily
~storage medium- is non-volatile, contents retained when power is off |
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what is considered primary storage and secondary storage?
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~primary- memory (RAM)
~secondary- hard disk, USB, floppy, tape, cds/dvd |
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what are the two options when it comes to optical discs?
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-read only
-read/write only |
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what are the 4 types of optical devices?
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CD-ROM,CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-ROM
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what are common types of flash cards?
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compact flash, smart media, secure digital, xD picture card, Memory stick
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