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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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home, educational, workplace, miscellaneous
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uses of computers
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a programmable electronic device that accepts data (input), performs operations on the data (processing), presents the results (output), stores the data and results (storage).
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computer
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sometimes considered the 5th primary computer operation
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communications
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-1945
-abacus, slide rule, mechanical calculator and Hollerith's Punch Card Tabulating Machine and Sorter. |
precomputers or early computers
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-1946-1957
-powered by vacuum tubes -one program run at a time -not fast and powerful as today's computers -input was punch cards -output was printed on paper -Ex: ENIAC and UNIVAC |
1st generation computer
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-1958-1963
-used transistors -smaller, faster, and powerful than 1st gen. -input was punch cards -output was printed on magnetic tapes |
2nd generation computers
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a device that is made out of semiconductor material that can act as a switch to open or close an electronic unit.
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transistor
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-1964-1970
-used integrated circuits -smaller, powerful and faster than pervious gene. -inputs were keyboards -output was monitors -used operating systems |
3rd generation computers
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many transistors and electronic circuits were incorporated on single silicon chip
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integrated circuits
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-1971-present
-used microprocessors -smaller, faster and powerful than past gen. computers -input was keyboard and mouse -output was printers and monitor -storage devices floppys disks CDs |
4th generation computers
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cpu made on single chip. that means entire core processing capabilities are put on a single chip
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microprocessor
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-now and in future
-based on artificial intelligence and voice recognition -take a different form like optical computer -make smaller -more powerful and faster |
5th generation computers
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refers to all the physical components of computers such as keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, floppy, etc.
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hardware
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any piece of equipment that is used to input data into the computer
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input device
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the main device is central processing unit (CPU)
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processing device
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accepts processed data from the computer and presents it to the user
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output device
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a variety of drives and storage media used to store data
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storage device
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modems and network adapters, allow users to communicate electronically with others.
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communications device
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the programs or instructions used to tell hardware in a computer system what to do
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software
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the collection of software that allows a computer to operate. The main system software program is the operating system.
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system software
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programs designed to allow people to perform specific tasks using a computer
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application software
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a set of rules used to write computer programs Ex: C, C++, JAVA, etc.
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programming language
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small devices with some type of built in computing or Internet capability
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mobile devices
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designed to be used by one person at a time
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personal computers
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designed to be used in conjuction with a company network, typically use a network server for storage and processing, also called network computers
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thin clients
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a medium sized computer used to host programs and data for a small network
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midrange server
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the standard choice for organizations, larger, more expensive, and more powerful than midrange server, runs multiple programs at one time
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mainframe computer
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the most powerful and most expensive type of computer available, generally runs one program at a time very fast
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super computer
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ability to design and test buildings before construction and other virtual applications
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benefit of computer-oriented society
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earlier diagnois and more effective treatment of diseases
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benefit of computer-oriented society
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ability to shop, pay bills, research products, take online courses, and locate info 24 hours a day
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benefit of computer-oriented society
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faster communications and financial transactions
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benefit of computer-oriented society
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stress and health concerns
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risk of computer-oriented society
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personal security and privacy issues
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risk of computer-oriented society
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fear of "big brother" situations
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risk of computer-oriented society
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