Cis 201 Chp1-2

Front 1

the equipment of a computer system

Back 1

hardware

Front 2

programs that are written by programmers and tell a computer what to do

Back 2

software

Front 3

devices that include keyboards and mice; through these devices, data can enter the computer system

Back 3

input

Front 4

organizing data, checking them for accuracy, or performing mathematical operations on them

Back 4

processing

Front 5

the piece of hardware that processes data

Back 5

central processing unit

Front 6

languages such as visual basic, pascal cobol, java, etc. that are used to write programs

Back 6

programming laguages

Front 7

consists of the rules of a language

Back 7

syntax

Front 8

a computer's on-off circuitry language

Back 8

machine language

Front 9

translates high-level language into machine language and tells you if have used a programming laguage correctly

Back 9

compiler or interpreter

Front 10

when you give instructions to a computer in a specific sequence,without leaving any instructions out or adding extraneous instructions

Back 10

develop the logic

Front 11

occurs when the computer actually uses the written or compiled program

Back 11

running or executing

Front 12

memory, main memory, or primary memory

Back 12

internal storage

Front 13

permanent storage outside the main memory of the machine, on a device such as a floppy disk, hard disk, or magnetic tape

Back 13

external storage

Front 14

when you store a program on some nonvolatile medium

Back 14

save

Front 15

the sequnce of steps necessary to solve any problem

Back 15

algorithm

Front 16

writing the statements in a programming language

Back 16

coding

Front 17

programming languages that are english-like are

Back 17

high-level programming languages

Front 18

an error in language or grammar

Back 18

syntax error

Front 19

errors that occur when incorrect instructions are performed, or when instructions are performed in the wrong order

Back 19

logical errors

Front 20

the entire set of actions an organization must take to switch over to using a new program or set of programs

Back 20

conversion

Front 21

represents the relationship of databases, files, records, fields, and characters

Back 21

data hierarchy

Front 22

letters, numbers, and special symbols such as 'a' '7' '$'

Back 22

characters

Front 23

a single data item, such as lastname, streetaddress, or annualsalary

Back 23

field

Front 24

groups of fields that go together for some logical reason

Back 24

records

Front 25

groups of records that go together for some logical reason

Back 25

files

Front 26

holds a group of files, often called TABLES, which together serve the information needs of an organization

Back 26

database

Front 27

questions that pull related data items together from a database in a format that enhances efficient mangement decision making

Back 27

queries

Front 28

a pictorial representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem

Back 28

flowchart

Front 29

an english-like representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem

Back 29

pseudocode

Front 30

represented as parallelograms in flowcharts

Back 30

input and output symbols

Front 31

represented as rectangles in flowcharts

Back 31

processing symbols

Front 32

arrows that connect the steps in a flowchart

Back 32

flowlines

Front 33

a memory device used for hard to remember things

Back 33

mnemonic

Front 34

the format for naming variables in which multiple-word variable names are run together, and each new word within the variable name begins with an uppercase letter

Back 34

camel casing

Front 35

a repeating flow of logic without an ending

Back 35

infinite loop

Front 36

testing a value is called

Back 36

making a decision

Front 37

diamond shaped symbol in a flowchart that represents a decision

Back 37

decision symbol

Front 38

a yes-or-no decision, with 2 possible outcomes

Back 38

binary decision

Front 39

a preselected value that stops the execution of a program

Back 39

dummy value or sentinel value

Front 40

many programming languages use this term when talking about an end-of-data file marker

Back 40

"EOF"

Front 41

a flowchart symbol used when limited page size forces you to continue the flowchart on the same or following page

Back 41

connector

Front 42

stores the result of any calculation performed on its right side to the named location on its left side

Back 42

assignment statement

Front 43

the = sign is the________, it always requires the name of a memory location to the left side

Back 43

assignment operator

Front 44

a specific numeric value

Back 44

numeric constant

Front 45

these hold numeric values

Back 45

numeric variables

Front 46

____, _____, or_____ hold character values

Back 46

character, text, or string variables

Front 47

a statement that names a variable and tells the computer which type of data to expect

Back 47

a declaration

Front 48

values that are whole number, numeric variables

Back 48

integer values

Front 49

values that are fractional, numeric variables that contain a decimal point

Back 49

floating-point values

Front 50

the process of naming program variables and assigning a type to them is called

Back 50

making declarations or declaring variables

Front 51

the technique that focuses on the procedures that programming create

Back 51

procedural programming

Front 52

a technique that focuses on objects, or things, and desribes their features or attributes, and their behaviors

Back 52

object-oriented programming

Front 53

snarled, unstructured program logic

Back 53

spaghetti code

Front 54

a basic unit of programming logic; each is a sequence, selection, or loop

Back 54

a structure

Front 55

with a ____ _____, you perform an action or event, and then you perform the next action in order.

Back 55

sequence structure

Front 56

with a ____, or ____ _____, you ask a question, and depending on the answer you take one of two courses of action

Back 56

selection, or decision structure

Front 57

another name for a selection structure

Back 57

if-then-else

Front 58

define one action to be taken when the tested condition is true, and another action when it is false

Back 58

dual-alternative ifs

Front 59

take action on just one branch of the decision

Back 59

single-alternative ifs

Front 60

the branch of a decision in which no action is taken

Back 60

the null case

Front 61

with a ____ _____, you ask a question; if the answer requires an action, you perform the action and ask the original question again

Back 61

loop structure

Front 62

_____ and _____ are alternate names for a loop structure

Back 62

repition and iteration

Front 63

a loop in which a process continues while some condition continues to be true

Back 63

a do while loop

Front 64

attaching structures end-to-end is called

Back 64

stacking structures

Front 65

placing a structure within another structure is called

Back 65

nesting the structures

Front 66

a group of statements that execute as a single statement

Back 66

a block

Front 67

a _______ OR ______ is the first read or data input statemnt in a program

Back 67

priming read or priming input

Front 68

you can use ______ _____ when there are several distinct possible values for a single variable you are testing, and each requires a different course of action

Back 68

case structure

Front 69

in a ___ ____ ____, you ensure that a procedure executes at least once; then, depending on the answer to the controlling question, the loop may or may not execute additional times

Back 69

do until loop

Front 70

m

Back 70

l

Front 71

i

Back 71

a

Front 72

c

Back 72

r

Front 73

h

Back 73

d

Front 74

e

Back 74

o

Front 75

a

Back 75

i