Circulatory System Unit 4, Ch. 11 Definitions

Front 1

3 types of blood vessels

Back 1

arteries, veins and capillaries

Front 2

artery

Back 2

large blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

Front 3

lining of artery walls (4)

Back 3

connective tissue, muscle tissue, elastic fibers, endothelium

Front 4

endothelium

Back 4

line a blood vessels, secrete factors that affect the size of blood vessels, reduce blood clotting and promote the growth of blood vessels

Front 5

arterioles

Back 5

smaller branches of arteries, thinner walled, lead to capillaries

Front 6

capillaries

Back 6

Walls are only one endothelial cell thick, and allow passage of oxygen and nutrients out of the bloodstream and into cells, and wastes pass into the bloodstream.

Front 7

veins

Back 7

carry blood from cells back to heart, thinner than arteries, as blood pressure is lower, with valves to prevent backflow of blood

Front 8

venules

Back 8

smaller than veins, lead from capillaries to the veins

Front 9

valves (in veins)

Back 9

prevent backflow of blood in veins where blood pressure is lower

Front 10

2 systems of circulation

Back 10

pulmonary
systemic

Front 11

pulmonary circulation

Back 11

blood flow from the heart to the lung capillaries and back again

Front 12

systemic circulation

Back 12

blood flow from the heart to tissue capillaries and back to the heart

Front 13

venae cavae

Back 13

two large veins that carry oxygen poor blood into the heart on its way back from tissue capillaries

Front 14

right side of heart

Back 14

side of heart that pumps oxygen poor blood to the lungs

Front 15

pulmonary artery

Back 15

vessel that branches in to two, leading to left and right lungs, from the heart

Front 16

pulmonary veins

Back 16

carry oxygenated blood from lungs back to heart

Front 17

left side of heart

Back 17

side of heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the body

Front 18

aorta

Back 18

largest artery in the body, leads out of the left side of the heart

Front 19

arteries

Back 19

aorta splits into branches called _____

Front 20

carotid arteries

Back 20

supply blood to head and neck

Front 21

arterioles

Back 21

arteries split into smaller vessels called ______________

Front 22

Tissue capillaries

Back 22

branch off from arterioles, allow oxygen to pass through vessel walls into cells

Front 23

carbon dioxide

Back 23

waste product basses out from cells into tissue capillaries to be carried to lungs and removed from body

Front 24

superior vena cava

Back 24

drains blood from the upper portion of the body into the heart

Front 25

inferior vena cava

Back 25

carries blood from the lower part of the body into the heart

Front 26

right atrium

Back 26

thin walled upper right chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from venae cavae

Front 27

tricuspid valve

Back 27

one way valve that passes deoxygenated blood from right atrium into right ventricle when atrium contracts

Front 28

right ventricle

Back 28

lower right chamber of the heart, thick muscled walls, pump blood through pulmonary valve into pulmonary artery

Front 29

pulmonary valve

Back 29

opens to allow blood into pulmonary artery, while tricuspid valve closes to prevent backflow into atrium

Front 30

left atrium

Back 30

upper left chamber of the heart into which oxygenated blood passes from the pulmonary vein

Front 31

mitral valve

Back 31

blood passes through this from the left atrium to left ventricle

Front 32

left ventricle

Back 32

thickest walled chamber of the heart, pumps oxygenated blood out of heart and through the body.

Front 33

aortic valve

Back 33

opening in the left ventricle through which blood passes out of the heart.

Front 34

septum/septa

Back 34

singl./pl. walls dividing the chambers of the heart

Front 35

names of 2 septa of the heart

Back 35

interatrial septum
interventricular septum

Front 36

endocardium

Back 36

smooth layer of endothelial cells, lines the interior of the heart chambers and valves

Front 37

myocardium

Back 37

middle muscular layer of the heart wall

Front 38

pericardium

Back 38

fibrous and membranous sac surrounding the heart

Front 39

2 layers of the pericardium, with locations

Back 39

visceral pericardium - adheres to wall of heart

parietal pericardium - outer fibrous coat of heart

Front 40

pericardial cavity

Back 40

space between visceral and parietal pericardial layers

Front 41

phases of heart beat
name of phases together

Back 41

diastole, systole
diastole-systole cardiac cycle

Front 42

diastole

Back 42

relaxation - ventricle walls relax, and blood flows into the heart from the venae cavae and pulmonary veins. Tricuspid and mitral valves open, pulmonary and aortic valves close.

Front 43

systole

Back 43

walls of ventricles contract to pump blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta. Tricuspid valve and mitral valve close, aortic and pulmonary valves open.

Front 44

murmur

Back 44

abnormal swishing sound of blood flowing through valves

Front 45

SA node

Back 45

sinoatrial node

Front 46

sinoatrial node

Back 46

pace maker of the heart, located posterior to the right atrium, generates electrical currents that cause atrial contractions

Front 47

AV node

Back 47

atrioventricular node

Front 48

atricoventricular node

Back 48

region within the interatrial septum which responds to SA node pulses by sending electrical excitation waves to atrioventricular bundle

Front 49

sphygmomanometer

Back 49

blood pressure measuring device

Front 50

measurements taken by sphygmomanometer

Back 50

systolic and diastolic pressure - upper and lower number given in fraction form, ie 120/80 mm Hg

Front 51

atrioventricular bundle
bundle of His

Back 51

specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them.

Front 52

atrium, atria

Back 52

upper chamber(s) of the heart

Front 53

coronary arteries

Back 53

blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle