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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the parts of the circulatory system?
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Heart
Blood Arteries Veins Capillaries |
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What is the function of the heart?
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Heart-pumps blood throughout the body
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What are the parts of the heart?
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Left and right atrium
Left and right ventricle |
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Name the valves of the heart and where they are located
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Tricuspid valve-between right atrium and right ventricle
Pulmonary valve-exits the right ventricle Mitral valve-between left atrium and left ventricle Aortic valve-exits the left ventricle |
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What is the function of the valves of the heart?
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The valves prevent blood from backing up into the heart.
Mitral and Tricuspid keep blood from backing up into the atria and the pulmonary and aortic keep blood from backing up into the ventricles. |
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The heart pumps and is a __________?
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The heart is a powerful muscle that contracts and relaxes causing the blood to pump through it
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How does the blood get from the lungs to the heart?
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The blood travels from the lungs to the heart by the pulmonary vein
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How does the blood get back to the lungs from the heart?
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The blood travels from the heart to the lungs through the pulumonary arteries
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What does the blood (carrying oxygen) flow through as it goes from the heart to the rest of the body?
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Blood leaves the heart and travels through the body via the aorta (the body's largest artery).
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What does the blood (without oxygen) flow through
as it returns to the heart? |
The superior and inferior vena cava (largest vein in body)
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The blood picks up what in the lungs?
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Oxygen
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The blood gets rid of what waste in the lungs?
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Carbon dioxide
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What are the components of blood?
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Plasma
White Blood Cells Red Blood Cells with Hemoglobin Platlets |
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What is the function of blood?
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Transport oxygen and nutrients to every body cell and to take carbon dioxide and other waste from every body cell.
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What is plasma?
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Plasma is the fluid which other parts of blood are suspended in.
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What is the composition of plasma?
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This fluid is 92% water with important nutrients
proteins salts hormones chemicals blood cells |
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What are the functions of red blood cells?
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Carry oxygen from the lungs to body cells
Contains hemoglobin |
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What is hemoglobin and its function?
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Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells
the oxygen carrying part of blood gives blood the red color |
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What are the functions of white blood cells?
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White blood cells are larger than red blood cells, but are fewer in number.
1) protect the body against infection 2) fight infection when it occurs |
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How do white blood cells fight infections?
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There are two ways WBC fight infection
1) They surround pathogens and ingest (eat them) 2) They produce antibodies that make you immune to the disease after the first attack |
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What are platelets and their function?
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Platelets are the smallest type of blood cell
They prevent loss of blood They cause the blood to clot by producing chemicals that form small fibers called fibrin. |
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How many miles of blood vessels are in your body?
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60,000 miles
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Name the three major types of blood vessels?
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Arteries
Veins Capillaries |
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What is the function and description of arteries?
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Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
Flexible tubes smooth inner lining thick muscular wall in middle high blood pressure in arteries |
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What is the function and description of veins?
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Veins return deoxygenated blood toward the heart from the body.
smooth inner lining muscular middle layer walls of veins are thinner and less flexible than arteries. inner lining forms valves to keep blood from backing up into the capillaries. lower blood pressure in veins |
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What are capillaries and their function?
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Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body.
Carry blood between the arerioles and venules. Very thin. Capillaries are not always open for blood to flow |
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What controls the opening and closing of capillaries
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The body's need for oxygen and nutrients
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What can the capillaries in the skin affect?
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The body's temperature (depending if the capillaries are open or closed)
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What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
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Functions of the lymphatic system are:
1) it drains tissue fluid back into the blood from the body 2) it fights infection in the body |
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What are the parts of the lymphatic system?
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Lymph
Lymph vessels Lymph nodes Lymph ducts Tonsils Spleen |
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Describe lymph and its function
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Lymph-
clear yellow fluid fills spaces around body cells made of proteins, fats, lymphocytes |
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What is a lymphocyte?
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A special white blood cell that protects the body against pathogens
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What is a pathogen?
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A pathogen is a disease carrying agent
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What are the two main types of lymphocytes?
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T cells
B cells |
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How do B-cells work when they meet a pathogen?
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B cells
enlarge and multiply turn into PLASMA cells produce antibodies that destroy or neutralize invader |
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How do T cells work with an infection and what are the different types?
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T cells are
Killer cells-multiply attach to invader cells release toxin to destroy them Helper cells-help B and T cells control other aspects of immune system |
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What are and what is the purpose of lymph nodes?
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Lymph nodes are masses of tissue that filter lymph fluid before it returns to the blood.
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How many and what is the purpose of lymph ducts?
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2 lymph ducts -one in neck and one in chest area
Empty lymph fluid into veins to fight infection |
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Why is smoking bad for your circulatory system?
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It increases blood pressure and heart rate by
narrowing the arteries. |
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What is blood pressure?
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Blood pressure is the force of blood in the main arteries
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What is systolic pressure
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When ventricles contract, blood is forced into arteries causing the artery walls to bulge out.
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What is diastolic pressure
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When the ventricles relax and fill with blood, arterial pressure is the lowest.
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How is blood pressure determined?
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Use a cuff tightened around arm to stop blood flow.
Release air to let blood begin to flow in artery again Listen to blood entering arteries (systolic pressure) Loosen cuff and listen to blood flows evenly through arteries (diastolic pressure) |
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How to you read blood pressure and what are the
normal ranges? |
Top- systolic pressure 110-140
Bottom- diastolic pressure 70-90 |
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What is congenital heart disease?
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A heart defect occurring at birth
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What are some types of congenital heart disease?
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Valves not functioning properly
Hole between chambers of heart blockage of blood flow through heart |
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What is a heart murmur?
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An abnormal sound of the heart beat caused by:
1) A valve that is too narrow causing blood to be pushed through a restricted opening with more force than normal 2Z) A valve that doesn't close properly letting blood leak back through it. |
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What are varicose veins?
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Swollen and enlarged veins (usually in legs) caused when valves in veins are weakened and cannot prevent a backflow of blood. This allows blood to collect in veins.
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What is anemia?
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Anemia is when the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is less than normal. It limits the amount of oxygen that body cells get.
Usually caused by a deficiency of iron in the diet. |
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What is leukemia?
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Leukemia is a type of cancer caused by abnormal production of white blood cells in the bone marrow.
Abnormal cells spill into blood Enter other organs Interfere with organ function Prevent bone marrow from making blood cells and platelets and can be deadly. |
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What is hemophilia?
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Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder caused by a defective blood protein (factor VIII) which is necessary for blood clotting.
Blood clots very slowly or not at all. People could bleed to death internally |
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What is immune deficiency?
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Can be congenital (from birth) or acquired defect
HIV destroys T cells which fight pathogens and causes immune deficiency |
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What is Hodgkins disease?
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Cancer of the lymph tissue which is found in the lymph nodes and spleen.
Cancer cells spread quickly through the lymph system. |
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What is tonsillitis?
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Tonsillitis is an infection caused by organisms.
Tonsils become inflamed and tender. Treated with antibiotic |
