Circulatory System-Blood

Front 1

Vascular tissue or Blood

Back 1

Blood is connective tissue with formed elements (cellular components) and fluid matrix (plasma)

Housed within heart/blood vessels (circulatory vessels)

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Functions of blood

Back 2

Transportation of fluid, respiratory gases, nutrients, hormones, wastes, and heat

Carries out various immune activities: identifies antigens, produce antibodies, distribute antimicrobial components

Aids with fluid, electrolyte, and pH balances

Hemostasis and coagulation

Front 3

General properties of blood

Back 3

Average volume in adults

Hematocrit

Hemoglobin

pH

Erythrocytes

Leukocytes

Platelets

Front 4

Average volume in adults

Back 4

4-6 L

Front 5

Hematocrit

Back 5

37%-52%

Front 6

Hemoglobin

Back 6

12-18 g/dL

Front 7

pH

Back 7

7.35-7.45

Front 8

Leukocytes

Back 8

5,000 to 10,000 WBC's

Front 9

Platelets

Back 9

130,000 to 140,000 platelets

Front 10

Formed elements

Back 10

Erythrocytes, platelet, leukocytes (monocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil)

Front 11

Hematocrit

Back 11

(A blood test)

The percentage of formed elements found in whole blood.

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Components/Solutes found in plasma

Back 12

92% water / 8% solutes

Plasma proteins

Nutrient ( amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids)

Electrolytes (HPO4 -2

Nitrogen wastes (ammonia, creatine, uric acid)

Hormones

Respiratory gases (02, CO2, N2)

Front 13

Albumin

Back 13

60%

Contribute to blood pressure (osmolarity)

Transport many hydrophobic molecules

Act as buffers

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Globulin

Back 14

36%

Divided into 3 groups

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Alpha Globulin

Back 15

Transport molecules, except for prothrombin (clotting factor)

Front 16

Beta Globulins

Back 16

Transport and help with the immune response

Front 17

Gamma Globulins

Back 17

Aid with immune system defenses

Front 18

Fibrinogen

Back 18

4%

Precursors of fibrin (proteins that help form blood clots)

Front 19

Hemopoiesis

Back 19

The production of blood cells

Happens outside of the cardiovascular system

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Hemocytoblast or Stem Cell

Back 20

Pluripotent stem cells are immature cells that produce blood cells

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Tissues that produce blood cells

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Myeloid tissue (Red bone marrow) - produces all types of formed elements

Lymphoid tissue - produces only lymphocytes (lymph nodes/spleen)

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Hemopoiesis

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1. Stem cells are replicated by the myeloid/lymphoid tissues

2.Stem cells are chemically-induced to become committed cells or colony-forming units

3. Committed cells are chemically induced to become precursor cells

4. Precursor cells mature into specific formed elements

Front 23

Erythrocytes

Back 23

Flexible, bi-concave disc

Lack a nucleus in circulating blood

2/3 of volume is filled with hemoglobin

Hypoxia triggers the production of erthrocytes

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Functions of erythrocytes

Back 24

Transport hemoglobin with 02 and CO2

Front 25

Hemoglobin

Back 25

A pigment that bonds to O2 (oxygen) and CO2 (carbon dioxide)

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Heme with Fe (Iron)

Back 26

The pigment at bonds to O2

Recycled by liver and spleen releasing bile pigments, bile salt, and iron

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Globin

Back 27

The four protein strands that bond to CO2 and recycled into amino acids to produce other proteins

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Agglutinogen (antigen)

Back 28

Molecules attached to erythrocytes, considered an antigen

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Agglutinin (Antibody)

Back 29

Antibodies produced within the plasma that bond to specific agglutinogens

Front 30

Blood typing

Back 30

Identifies compounds within blood

Some are attached to erythrocytes and others are in plasma

Over a hundred different types - some genetically controlled and others are environmentally induced

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ABO Typing System

Back 31

Genetically controlled system that identifies agglutinogens A and B on the surface of erythrocytes

Involves agglutinins within the plasma

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Rh factor

Back 32

Genetically controlled typing system with only two possibilities (antigens C, D, and E)

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Rh positive

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indicates the presence of agglutinogen D on the surface of erythrocytes

More commonly found dominant trait

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Rh negative

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Only one has the potential to produce agglutinin D but only if exposed to the agglutinogen D