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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blood circulation is initiated by the...
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heart.
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Blood leaves the heart in ...
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arteries.
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Arteries branch repeatedly until they become...
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capillaries.
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By diffusing across capillary walls, oxygen and nutrients leave the blood and enter...
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body tissues.
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Oxygen deficient blood flows into the...
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veins.
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Veins return blood to the...
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heart.
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Blood transfers messenger molecules called...
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hormones.
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Blood accounts for ... of body mass.
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8%
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Blood helps to regulate...
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body temperature.
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Blood has ... and ... components.
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cellular and liquid
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Blood is a specialized ...
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connective tissue.
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Suspended in the fluid plasma of blood are...
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blood cells.
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Red blood cells that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide are called...
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erythrocytes.
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Erythrocytes =
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red blood cells
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Erythrocytes are produced in the...
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bone marrow.
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Erythrocytes live about...
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120 days.
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Erythrocytes contain most of the ... in blood.
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hemoglobin
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Erythrocytes number about ... million / cubic mm.
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4.5 to 5.5
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About ... erythrocytes are present in the blood stream of a healthy adult.
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25 trillion
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Red blood cells are relatively ... in size.
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uniform
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Erythrocytes are ... in shape.
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biconcave
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Erythrocytes are about ... in diameter.
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7.6 mm
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The biconcave shape of red erythrocytes are maintained by a net of peripheral ... on the inner surface of the plasma membranes.
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proteins
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Erythrocytes lose their ... and cellular ... as they mature.
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nuclei and cellular organelles
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The cytoplasm of erythrocytes are packed with...
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hemoglobin.
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Hemoglobin is an oxygen carrying...
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protein.
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Each hemoglobin molecule consists of four chains of ...
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amino acids.
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Erythrocytes pick up oxygen at the lung...
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capillaries.
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The biconcave shape of erythrocytes allows for 30% more...
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surface area.
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Erythrocytes are 97% ...
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hemoglobin.
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Erythrocytes generate energy by ... mechanisms.
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anaerobic
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Erythrocytes expel their ... and... before entering the bloodstream.
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nuclei and organelles
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Leukocytes are...
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white blood cells.
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WBC =
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white blood cell
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White blood cells are far less numerous than...
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red blood cells.
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White blood cells are crucial to the body's defenses against...
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diseases.
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WBCs are ... in shape.
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spherical
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Unlike erythrocytes, leukocytes have a ... and...
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nuclei and organelles.
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Leukocytes function outside the...
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bloodstream
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Leukocytes functions in ... where ... occurs.
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loose connective tissue/infection
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Chemicals produced or released at infection sites attract circulating...
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leukocytes.
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Leukocytes leave capillaries by squeezing through...
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epithelial cells.
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diapedesis =
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leaping through.
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The process by which WBCs squeeze through epithelial cells to to fight infection in connective tissues is called...
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diapedesis.
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Outside the capillaries leukocytes travel by ... motion.
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amoeboid
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Leukocytes and erythrocytes originate in the ...
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bone marrow.
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A high leukocyte count, over 11,000/ci., indicates...
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leukocytosis.
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There are ... types of leukocytes.
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5
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The five types of leukocytes are divided into 2 groups, based on the presence or absence of membrane bound cytoplasmic...
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granules.
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Granulocytes contain...
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granules.
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Argranulocytes do not contain...
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granules.
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(N)ever (L)et (M)onkeys (E)at (B)ananas.
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neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinphils, basophils.
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Neutrophils, eosinphils, and basophils are...
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granulocytes.
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Lymphocytes and monocytes are...
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agranulocytes.
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Granulocytes are larger and shorter lived than...
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erythrocytes.
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Granulocytes have non spherical ...
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nuclei.
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The nuclei of granulocytes have purple-staining...
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lobes.
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polymorphonuclear=
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many shaped nuclei
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Granulocytes are polymorphonuclear. True or false?
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True
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Functionally, all granulocytes are...
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phagocytic.
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Neutrophils destroy..
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bacteria.
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Neutrophils are the most abundant...
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leukocyte.
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Neutrophils are granulocytes/agranulocytes?
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granulocytes
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Functionally, neutrophils are ...
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phagocytic.
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Neutrophils contain two kinds of cytoplasmic...
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granules.
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Neutrophils function to consume and destroy ...
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bacteria.
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Neutrophils destroy bacteria by ...
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phagocytosis.
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.. is formed from from dead neutrophils and bacteria.
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Pus
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Neutrophils have ... lobes.
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2-6
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Eosinophils are ...
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granulocytes.
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Eosinophils stain red with the ... die eosin.
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acidic
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Eosinophil=
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eosin-loving
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Eosinphil plays a role in ending...
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allergic reactions.
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Eosinphils secrete an enzyme that degrades...
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histamine.
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Fighting parasites is the most important function of ...
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eosinphil.
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Which blood cell is classed as a granular leukocyte and specializes in attacking certain parasites and phagocytizing antigen-antibody complexes ?
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eosinphil
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The rarest white blood cells are ...
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basophils.
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Basophils contain...
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histamine.
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basophil =
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base-loving
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The cytoplasm of basophil dyes dark purple with ... dyes.
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basic
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Basophils mediate ... during allergic responses.
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inflammation
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Basophilic leukocytes contain heparin and histamine. True or false?
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true
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Granular leukocytes have lobed...
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nuclei.
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Granular leukocytes contain specific...
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cytoplasmic granules.
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Granular leukocytes are distinguished by their affinity for ...
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neutral, acidic, or basic dyes.
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Granular leukocytes are produced in the ...
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bone marrow.
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Neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil are ...
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granular leukocytes (granulocytes)
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The most important cells of the immune system are...
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lymphocytes.
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Lymphocytes are...
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agranulocytes.
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Lymphocytes represent 20-45% of all...
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leukocytes.
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Lymphocytes, like all other leukocytes do not function in the...
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bloodstream.
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Lymphocytes are effective in fighting ..
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infectious organisms.
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Any molecule that induces a response from a lymphocyte is called an...
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antigen.
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antigen=
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induce against
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Two main classes of lymphocytes are ... and ...
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T cells and B cells.
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T cells attack foreign ... directly.
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cells
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B cells attack foreign cells by producing ...
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antibodies.
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Proteins that bind to and mark foreign cells for destruction are called...
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antibodies.
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The largest leukocytes are ...
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monocytes.
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Monocytes, like all leukocytes use the ... to reach connective tissues.
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bloodstream
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Once they reach connective tissues, monocytes transform into...
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macrophages.
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Which blood cell is classed as an agranular leukocyte and converts into antibody-producing plasma cells ?
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B cell lymphocyte
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Platelets are also called..
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thrombocytes.
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thrombocyte=
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clotting cells
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Platelets are disc shaped plasma membrane enclosed...
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fragments of cytoplasm.
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Platelets break off from larger cells called...
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megakaryocytes.
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Platelets plug small tears in the walls of...
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blood vessels.
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Platelets release thromboplastin which helps initiate...
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clotting.
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Platelets do not adhere to the interior of ...
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healthy vessels.
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The process by which blood cells are formed is called...
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hematopoiesis.
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After birth, all blood cells originate in the...
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bone marrow.
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In the adult, granular leucocytes, erythrocytes, monocytes, and platelets
are produced from stem cells located in the... |
bone marrow.
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