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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Circulatory system |
Delivers oxygen and nutriets to the body's tissues and removes waste products. Consists of the heart, blood vessesl, and blood |
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What are the four chambers that make up the heart |
Left and right atria (upper chambers) and the left and right ventricles (lower chambers) |
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What are blood vessels |
Closed system of tubes through which blood flows. Arteries and arterioles take blood away from the heart to the capillaries. The venules and veins carry blood back to the heart fo the rest of the body |
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What are the functions of the cardiovascular system |
Transports nutrients (such as oxygen, chemicals and sugars) to the body's tissues. Transports wastes (such as carbon dioxide and metabolic byproducts) to organs that can excrete them out of the body. Acts as a major body defense housing many of the cells that are a part of your immune system. Has a second protective role as your blood contains components that help to prevent bleeding. Has a regulatory function in the body. The circulatory system transports hormones around the body so that they may act on the tissues they are responsible for. Has a regulatory role in helping to control body temperature |
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What are the functions of the heart |
Hollow organ located in the center of the chest. Must continuously beat, receiving blood poor in oxygen and nutrients, pumping it to the lungs and then receiving that blood back rich in oxygen and nutrients and pumping it throughout the body. The contraction of the heart is an automatic, involuntary process. The human heart has its own “pacemaker” and a system of specialized muscle tissue that conduct electrical impulses to stimulate the heart to beat. This group of cells is called the cardiac conduction system |
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What are the functions of the arteries and arterioles |
Arteries transport oxygenated blood away from the heart except in the case of the pulmonary artery. Arterioles transport blood to the capillaries and are the main regulator of blood pressure and blood flow. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs. The aorta is the largest artery in the body. The aorta arises from the left ventricle and supplies the body with oxygenated blood |
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What is the function of the capillaries |
The smallest blood vessels in the body. They supply nearly every cell of the human body with blood rich in oxygen and nutrients and remove waste from the surrounding cells. |
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What are the functions of the veins and venules |
The venules drain blood from the capillaries into the vein for return to the heart.
All veins transport deoxygenated blood to the heart except in the case of the pulmonary vein. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The superior and inferior vena cava is a large vein that brings deoxygenated blood from the upper body and lower body back to the heart. |
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What is function of the blood |
Functions as a transport medium. It brings a continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients to the cells and removes carbon dioxide and waste products.
Also plays a role in fluid and electrolyte balance, temperature regulation, pH regulation, prevention of fluid loss, and disease prevention. Average person has four to six litres of blood circulating through their body. Blood is composed of 38% to 48% various blood cells, also called “formed elements.” The other 52% to 62% of the blood volume is composed of plasma, the liquid portion of the blood. |
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Define Plasma
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A watery, salty fluid that makes up over half of the volume of blood. The red and white blood cells are platelets are carried in the plasma. |
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Define Red Blood Cells |
Carry oxygen to the tissues and carbon dioxide away from the tissues. These cells also provide the red colour to the blood. |
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Define White Blood Cells |
Involved in destroying germs and producing substances called antibodies, which help the body resist infection. |
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Define Platelets |
Irregularly shaped specialized cells that, when activated along with other substances, form clots to help stop bleeding. |
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Three layers that make up the heart wall |
Epicardium: is the outer layer of the heart, also called the visceral layer. Myocarduim: is the middle layer of the heart, made up of strong cardiac muscle fibres responsible for the pumping action. Endocardium: is the smooth inner layer of the heart lining the heart chambers. It covers the fibrous skeleton of the valves |
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Define the functions of each heart chamber |
Right Atrium: the upper chamber of the heart that receives oxygen depleted blood from the body through the superior vena cava. Left Atrium: the upper chamber of the heart that receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins. Right Ventricle: the lower chamber of the heart that receives oxygen depleted blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs. Left Ventricle: the lower chamber of the heart that receives oxygen rich blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body |
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Heart Valves |
There are two atrioventricular (AV) valves at each atrial-ventricular junction which prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles are contracting. The right AV valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle and is called the tricuspid valve. It is composed of three cusps (flaps). The left AV valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle and is called the mitral (bicuspid) valve. It is composed of two cusps. There are two semilunar (SL) valves guarding the bases of the large arteries (aorta and pulmonary) preventing backflow into the ventricles. The pulmonary semilunar valve is located between the pulmonary trunk and right ventricle. The aortic semilunar valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta. |
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Define Chordae Tendineae |
Tiny white collagen cords (heart strings) which anchor the cusps to the papillary muscles, preventing blood from re-entering the atria when the ventricles are contracting. |
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What are the three types of circulation in the human body |
Coronary Circulation: Coronary circulation refers to the movement of blood through the tissue of the heart. It is composed of the veins and arteries which are part of the heart that deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart tissue and also remove waste products. Pulmonary Circulation: Pulmonary circulation involves movement of blood from the heart to the lungs then back to the heart again. Systemic Circulation: Systemic circulation supplies blood rich in oxygen and nutrients to all of the tissue located throughout the body |
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What are the bodies proccesses for preventing blood |
Vascular Spasm - Smooth muscle in the blood vessels walls contracts immediately, as soon as the blood vessel is broken. This response reduces blood loss for some time while the other mechanisms become active. Platelet Plug Formation - When blood platelets come into contact with a damaged blood vessel, they form a platelet plug to help close the gap in the broken blood vessel. Blood Clotting – Clotting is the process by which liquid blood is transformed into a solid state. This complex process involves many factors that activate each other |
