Circulatory System

Front 1

The circulatory system is also called the _____ system

Back 1

cardiovascular

Front 2

The three main parts of the circulatory system are

Back 2

the blood, heart, and blood vessels

Front 3

Main functions of the circulatory system

Back 3

to transport substances to and from the cells of the body, to transport cellular waste materials to the excretory organs, to help regulate the temperature of the body, to transport certain blood cells to help fight against germs that invade the body, and to form blood clots to keep the body from losing too much blood

Front 4

The "life is in the blood" from a physical standpoint because

Back 4

if too much blood is lost then there will be death

Front 5

The "life is in the blood" from a spiritual standpoint because

Back 5

God's plan of salvation is substitution by taking man's death penalty

Front 6

The average amount of blood in the body is _____ - _____ liters

Back 6

4 - 6

Front 7

The heart pumps _____ of blood through the body once every minute

Back 7

4 - 6 liters

Front 8

Amount of blood the heart pumps out with each beat

Back 8

stroke volume

Front 9

Thickness/stickiness of blood and affects blood pressure

Back 9

blood viscosity

Front 10

Blood is a type of _____ tissue

Back 10

connective

Front 11

The two main parts of the blood are

Back 11

the plasma and blood cells

Front 12

The liquid part of the blood (amber or yellow colored)

Back 12

plasma

Front 13

This contains many dissolved substances

Back 13

plasma

Front 14

This stores and releases water to surrounding tissues

Back 14

plasma

Front 15

This helps to maintain proper blood volume and pressure

Back 15

plasma

Front 16

This helps to distribute heat throughout the body

Back 16

plasma

Front 17

The formed elements or solid pieces that float in the liquid part

Back 17

blood cells

Front 18

These are also called corpuscles

Back 18

blood cells

Front 19

These make up 45% of the volume of the blood

Back 19

blood cells

Front 20

Plasma minus the clotting factors

Back 20

blood serum

Front 21

Percentage of blood cells in a sample of blood

Back 21

hematocrit

Front 22

Most blood cells are

Back 22

RBCs

Front 23

Most of blood plasma is made of this liquid

Back 23

water

Front 24

Allows the blood cells, etc. to float

Back 24

water

Front 25

Dissolves some substances into tiny-sized molecules and ions

Back 25

water

Front 26

Thicken blood, help regulate blood volume and pressure, affect water balance, transport fats and fat-soluble vitamins, fight germs and foreign substances, blood clotting, control chemical reactions

Back 26

proteins

Front 27

Technical name: erythrocytes

Back 27

RBCs

Front 28

Main function: transport oxygen to cells

Back 28

RBCs

Front 29

Production is stimulated by a lower oxygen level

Back 29

RBCs

Front 30

Technical name: leukocytes

Back 30

WBCs

Front 31

Main function: protect from germs

Back 31

WBCs

Front 32

Production is stimulated by germs

Back 32

WBCs

Front 33

Technical name: thrombocytes

Back 33

platelets

Front 34

Main function: clot blood

Back 34

platelets

Front 35

Production is stimulated by blood loss

Back 35

platelets

Front 36

Process of producing blood cells

Back 36

hematopoiesis

Front 37

All the different kinds of blood cells are produced from

Back 37

stem cells

Front 38

Some of these cells develop into reticulocytes that mature into

Back 38

RBCs

Front 39

Some of these cells develop into megakaryocytes that develop into

Back 39

platelets

Front 40

Process of producing red blood cells

Back 40

erythropoiesis

Front 41

Bone marrow depression

Back 41

myelosuppression

Front 42

Process of clotting the blood to stop the bleeding following an injury

Back 42

hemostasis

Front 43

Three main steps of hemostasis

Back 43

blood vessel spasm or vascular spasm, formation of a platelet plug, formation of a blood clot

Front 44

Ruptured platelets release chemicals through a series of complex chemicals reactions to form insoluble protein fibers called

Back 44

fibrin

Front 45

Fibrin forms a netlike structure called a

Back 45

fibrin net

Front 46

Platelets stick to each other and to the inner lining of the torn blood vessel in order to form the

Back 46

platelet plug

Front 47

The whole blood clotting process occurs in about _____ minutes

Back 47

4

Front 48

Process following the formation of a blood clot where the clot shrinks in size as water is squeezed out

Back 48

clot retraction

Front 49

Process that dissolves blood clots after injury is healed

Back 49

fibrinolysis

Front 50

Cells in the tissues surrounding the injury secrete _____ which activates plasmin in the blood to convert it to lyses which then dissolves the clot

Back 50

tissue plasminogen activator (tBA)

Front 51

Dissolve fibrin and bust up a clot

Back 51

thrombolytics

Front 52

Process of blood clot formation

Back 52

thrombosis

Front 53

Blood clot

Back 53

thrombus

Front 54

Traveling or floating blood clot

Back 54

embolus

Front 55

Prevents clotting from forming

Back 55

anticoagulants

Front 56

Chemically bind to specific clotting factors and remove them from the process

Back 56

anticoagulants

Front 57

Block the action of clotting factors and prevent the formation of fibrin

Back 57

anticoagulants

Front 58

These medications are commonly called blood thinners

Back 58

anticoagulants

Front 59

This chemical works by removing thrombin from the clotting process

Back 59

heparin

Front 60

Certain WBCs secrete _____ which is a kind of chemical called an anticoagulant

Back 60

heparin

Front 61

If levels of prothrombin are too low they may give the patient _____ to stimulate the liver to make more so they can clot their blood

Back 61

vitamin K

Front 62

Prevents clot formation by removing prothrombin from the clotting process

Back 62

heparin

Front 63

Work by keeping the platelets from sticking together

Back 63

aspirin

Front 64

Function: to carry oxygen to the cells

Back 64

RBCs

Front 65

These are the most numerous kind of blood cell

Back 65

RBCs

Front 66

Life span = 120 days

Back 66

RBCs

Front 67

Blood cells are produced in the

Back 67

red bone marrow

Front 68

Increased production is stimulated when the oxygen level is low

Back 68

RBCs

Front 69

Kind of blood cell that are biconcave, disc-shaped

Back 69

RBCs

Front 70

Kind of blood cell that do not have a nucleus (lose it as they develop)

Back 70

RBCs

Front 71

Are bright red when combined with oxygen

Back 71

RBCs

Front 72

Kind of blood cell that contains hemoglobin

Back 72

RBCs

Front 73

Function: to destroy germs, foreign substances, and dead tissue

Back 73

WBCs

Front 74

Life span= a few hours to 6+ months

Back 74

WBCs

Front 75

Increased production is stimulated by infection

Back 75

WBCs

Front 76

Kind of blood cell that do not have a nucleus their entire life

Back 76

WBCs

Front 77

Some of these blood cells leave blood vessels and can move around

Back 77

WBCs

Front 78

Granulocytes and agranulocytes are the two main types of these cells

Back 78

WBCs

Front 79

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Back 79

granulocytes

Front 80

Monocytes, lymphocytes

Back 80

agranulocytes

Front 81

Function: to clot the blood

Back 81

platelets

Front 82

Platelets are also called

Back 82

thrombocytes

Front 83

Increased production is stimulated by blood loss

Back 83

platelets

Front 84

Life span = 5 - 9 days

Back 84

platelets

Front 85

Kind of blood cell that does not have a nucleus

Back 85

platelets

Front 86

Are not really cells but cell fragments formed from a megakaryocyte

Back 86

platelets

Front 87

They contain chemicals for clotting inside them

Back 87

platelets

Front 88

The main WBCs that fight infection, have many different nicknames (phagocytosis)

Back 88

neutrophils

Front 89

There is an elevated number of these in people with allergies

Back 89

eosinophils

Front 90

Release histamine and heparin

Back 90

basophils

Front 91

Large phagocytes

Back 91

monocytes

Front 92

Often called phagocytes

Back 92

monocytes

Front 93

Two main kinds of lymphocytes

Back 93

B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes

Front 94

Blood is classified according to the specific kind of _____ on the surface of the RBC

Back 94

antigen

Front 95

A foreign substance that stimulates production of antibodies

Back 95

antigen

Front 96

Specific kinds of _____ are found in the plasma of a person's blood

Back 96

antibodies

Front 97

_____ chemically bond to specific substances to inactivate them

Back 97

antigens

Front 98

When the body comes in contact with a foreign antigen, the body responds with the

Back 98

antibody

Front 99

Blood types that mix without undergoing agglutination reactions

Back 99

compatible blood types

Front 100

Blood types whose mixing causes agglutination, hemolysis, kidney failure, and death

Back 100

incompatibly blood types

Front 101

The blood type of someone who is a universal donor is type

Back 101

O

Front 102

The blood type of someone who is a universal receiver is type

Back 102

AB

Front 103

Another possible antigen on the surface of the RBCs that was named after the rhesus monkey

Back 103

Rh factor

Front 104

Process where one person's blood is given to another

Back 104

transfusion

Front 105

Study of diseases

Back 105

pathology

Front 106

Heart rate is indirectly controlled by

Back 106

medulla oblongata

Front 107

Heart rate is directly controlled by

Back 107

heart

Front 108

Ability to fire impulse at regular rate

Back 108

rhythmicity

Front 109

Ability to originate impulse within heart itself

Back 109

automaticity

Front 110

Measures speed and strength of cardiac impulse

Back 110

electrocardiograms

Front 111

Parts of an electrocardiogram

Back 111

P wave, QRS complex, T wave

Front 112

Systole means

Back 112

contracting

Front 113

Diastole means

Back 113

resting