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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mediastinum
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space in thorax between the L & R lungs
subdivision separated by horizontal plane from sternal angle to intervertebral disc between TIV/TV |
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Superior Mediastinum
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above plane
-contains trachea, part of thymus, aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, L common carotid artery, R/L vagus nerves (anterior/posterior to esophagus), etc |
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Inferior Mediastinum
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further divided into:
anterior middle posterior |
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Anterior Mediastinum
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in front of heart
-sternum to pericardium -contains thymus (disappears by age 25) |
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Middle Mediastinum
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contains heart
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Posterior Mediastinum
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behind the heart
-contains descending aorta, major veins, sympathetic trunk, etc |
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Heart
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conical muscle (surfaces, boders, and sulci)
-made up of 4 chambers that pump blood through pulmonary and systemic systems |
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Vena Cavae
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pass deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body into R atrium
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Superior Vena Cava
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deoxygenated blood from the head, neck, and upper limbs
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Inferior Vena Cava
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deoxygenated blood from lower limbs, abdomen, an pelvis
-largest blood vessel |
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Pulmonary Arteries
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2
carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs |
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Pulmonary Veins
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4
carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back into the L atrium of the heart |
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Surfaces of heart
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Anterior (sternocostal)
Inferior (diaphragmatic) 2 pulmonary (L&R) |
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Apex
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formed by the L ventricle and is directed anteriorly, inferiorly, and to the left
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Base of heart
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faces posteriorly
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Auricle
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small sac/appendage found on both atria
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Coronary Sulcus
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atrioventricular sulcus
-encircles heart -above is atria, below is ventricle |
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Anterior Interventricular Sulcus
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separates L & R ventricles on anterior surface
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Posterior Interventricular Sulcus
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separates L & R ventricles on inferior surface
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R/L Atria
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cardiac muscle is pectinate muscle
has Fossa Ovalis |
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Fossa Ovalis
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shallow depression
-remant of foramen ovalis -in embryonic stage, this foramen allows oxygenated blood arriving from placenta to move from the R atrium directly into the L atrium, bypassing lungs (why L ventricle is thicker than R) -as heart develops, 2 leaflets grow towards each other and overlap, closing off foramen Propatency: 15% of popn may have slight opening between leaflets |
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R/L Ventricle
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cardiac muscle is trabeculae carnae
-closed off from atria by atrioventricular valves -separated from arteries by semilunar valves |
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Tricuspid Valve
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Right Atrioventricular Valve
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Bicuspid Valve
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Left Atrioventricular Valve
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Papillary Muscles
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subdivisions of trabeculae carnaea that attach to the leaflets of the tricuspid/bicuspid valves via small tendon-like structures = chordae tendinae
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Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
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separates R ventricle from pulmonary artery
-consists of 3 cusps |
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Aortic Semilunar Valve
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separates L ventricle from aorta
-consists of 3 cusps |
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Pericardium
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3 layers of ct covering heart
Serous Pericardium Fibrous Pericardium |
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Serous Pericardium
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2 continuous layers with serous membrane that produces serous fluid:
epicardium parietal pericardium |
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Epicardium
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layer of serous pericardium touching the surface of the heart
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Parietal Pericardium
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outer layer in touch with the fibrous pericardium
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Pericardial Cavity
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between 2 layers of serous pericardium
-contains serous fluid and facilitates movement of the heart epicarditis: inflammation, resulting in overproduction of serous fluid. pressure gradually builds up and compresses the heart; severe, can stop heart |
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Fibrous Pericardium
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dense ct occupying the thorax condenses and forms the outer layer of pericardium
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Conductive System
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2 nodes: sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV)
-SA (R atrium near superior vena cava) initiates electrical impulses and distributes to rest of heart -AV (near tricuspid valve) receives impulses from SA and pass to ventricles via AV nerve bundles = Bundle of His, that split into 2 branches and give rise to smaller end branches = Purkinje Fibres |
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Coronary Arteries
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L & R
-both originate from aorta |
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Right Coronary Artery
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travels in coronary sulcus
marginal artery (branch) supplies the R ventricle psoterior interventricular artery (continuation) travels in the posterior interventricular sulcus and supplies both ventricles |
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Left Coronary Artery
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divides into 2 branches:
anterior interventricular artery travels in the anterior interventricular sulcus and supplies both ventricles circumflex artery supplies the L atrium and L ventricle |
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Venous Supply of Heart
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3 major veins - all drain into coronary sinus
small cardiac vein middle cardiac vein great cardiac vein |
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Coronary Sinus
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a large sac that sits on the coronary sulcus on the inferior/diaphragmatic surface of the heart
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Small Cardiac Vein
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travels with the R marginal artery on the R border of the heart
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Middle Cardiac Vein
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travels with the posterior interventricular artery in the posterior interventricular sulcus
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