Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
circulation of oxygen
|
oxygen diffuses into the blood in the lungs.
*the oxygen sits on hemoglobin in the red blood cells and it's transferred to other tissues in the body. |
|
|
Carbon dioxide delivered out
|
* Co2 is made during respiration and is converted to bicarbonate
*Co2 get transported out by blood which comes from all parts of the body to the lungs *get exhaled out. |
|
|
Nutrients
|
*are absorbed into the blood stream (passive or active diffusion)in the small intestine
*nutrients can be released into blood stream by cells like glucagon releasing glucose into blood stream *nutrients can be taken up by cells from the blood stream like insulin causes cells to take up glucose from the blood stream. |
|
|
Thermoregulation
|
*vasoconstriction: when the arterioles in the body constrict they become small and prevent heat to escape faster from the body.
Vasodilation: when the arterioles dilate, they become big and more heat is lost from the body to cool the body. |
|
|
Four chambers of heart
|
left atrium, left ventricle (biggest side), right atrium and right ventricle (smallest side)
|
|
|
Valves in the heart
|
*bicuspid valve and aortic valve (left side)
* tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve (right side) |
|
|
Veins and arteries
|
Veins: capillaries-venules-veins-vena cava- pulmonary artery
Artery: Pulmonary vein- aorta-arteries-arterioles- capillaries. |
|
|
pathway of circulation in the heart
|
lungs-pulmonary vein-L A+V-aorta-arteries-arterioles-capillaries-venules-veins-vena cava-R A+V- pulmonary artery- lung
|
|
|
blood pathway + valves
|
Vena cava-RA- tricuspid valve-RV-pulmonary artery-lung-pulmonary vein-LA-biscuspid-LV-aortic valve-aorta.
|
|
|
Systolic and diastolic pathway
|
*blood pressure is the pressure on the walls of the blood vessels
Systolic is when the blood in pumping in the heart (ventricles contracting) Diastolic: when the blood is not pumping (ventricles are relaxing). |
|
|
pulmonary circulation
|
* from the heart-lung-heart.
*short pathway *less pressure *less resistance |
|
|
Capillaries
|
*gas and solute exchange site by diffusion
|
|
|
Continuous capillaries
|
*no pores but may have clefts
*clefts are connected together by tight junctions *found in skin and muscles |
|
|
Fenestrated Capillaries
|
*small pores for molecules not blood to pass through
*in small intestine to absorb nutrients *in endocrine organs for hormones to pass through *in kidney for filtration. |
|
|
Sinusoidal capillaries
|
*large pores for blood cells to leak
*large for lymphocyte travel to tissues and also blood modifications *found in spleen, liver,bone marrow and lymphoid tissue. |
|
|
Blood Plasma
|
* mostly water, plasma proteins, electrolytes, gases, nutrients, wastes,hormones
|
|
|
Blood cells
|
Red Blood cells
*erythrocyte * has hemoglobin which transports oxygen and carbon dioxide *no nucleus which gives the cell a biconcave disk shape. *most cells in the blood. White blood cells *leukocyte *larger than red blood cells *irregular shaped nuclei and fights off pathogens Platelets *fragment of cells and it's responsible for blood clotting. |
|
|
Red blood cells production and destruction
|
*stem cells in the bone marrow makes red blood cell
*spleen, bone marrow, liver destructs old or damaged red blood cells * hemoglobin and iron are recycles. bile are excreted into feces and proteins are broken down into amino acids. |
|
|
Blood Osmolarity
|
* More water in blood- increase in blood volume
*more water in tissues: less in blood volume. ADH: water reabsorption in kidney Aldosterone: increase in salt reabsorption and water reabsorption. |
|
|
Coagulation
|
*liquid blood (gel like)
*platelets contain enzymes and chemicals *coagulation factors seal the clot *clot contract, compacts and after the blood vessel of the wound repairs itself, the clot dissolves. *Liver produces clotting factors such as fibrinogen |
