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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the basic types of circulatory system?
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Open Circulatory and Closed Circulatory
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What is Open circulatory System?
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the heart pumps fluid through short, open-ended vessels that lead to spaces where the fluid bathes the body cell's.
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What is Closed Circulatory System?
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blood remains inside the vessels, arteries take blood away from the heart, branch into arterioles,then into capillaries, venules unite to form veins carrying blood back to the heart.
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Diffusion (closed circulatory) between plasma and interstitual fluid occurs where?and Why?
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Occurs in the capillaries for gas and nutrient exchang
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How many chambers do a fish have? Name them?
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2 Chambers
one atrium, 1 ventricle |
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How many chambers do a Amphibians and most reptiles have? Name them?
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3 Chambers
2 Atria, 1 ventricle |
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How many chambers does crocodiles,birds, and mammals have? Name them?
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4 Chambers
2 Atria, 2 Ventricles |
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What are human heart enclosed with that protects and free movement?
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Pericardium
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Human heart is three layers thick, Name the thickest muscle layer?
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Myocardium
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In the human heart what vale allow 1-way flow from the atria to ventricle?
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Atrioventricular valves(AV)
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What is the name of the valve that blocks blood from reentering ventricles?
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Semilunar valves
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What does the Cardiac cycle consist Of?
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Contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle.
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Where does heartbeats begin?
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In the Sinoatrial(SA) node
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What sets the tempo of beat for the heart?
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Pacemaker
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Impulses that races across the atria and atria contract together to fill what?
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Ventricles
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What happens to the heart when signal are conducted?
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Bothe ventricles starts to contract together.
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What path does blood travel?
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Blood flows from heart to arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, and back to the heart.
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Name the layer of arteries and veins in the outermost?
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Outermost sheath of connective tissue
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Name the layer of arteries and veins in the middle layer?
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Middle layer of smooth muscle
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Name the layer of arteries and veins in the inner layer?
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Inner layer endothelium
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Are veins more muscular than arteries?
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No, Arteries are more muscular than veins.
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These are networks of _______that connect an arteriole and a venule?
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capillaries, capillaries beds
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These are tiny but very numerous, providing extensive surface area where exchange of material occurs.
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Capillaries
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Single layer of endothelium thick, nutrients and oxygen diffuse out to cells,waste products and carbon dioxide diffuse into blood
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Capillary beds
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Smooth muscle layer thinner than arteries
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Veins
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Valves help maintain 1-way flow back to heart
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Veins
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It squeeze veins and help move blood back toward heart.
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Skeletal muscles
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Force that blood exerts on artery walls, measured by sphygmomanometer
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Blood Pressure
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Ventricles contracting
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Systolic pressure
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Ventricles relaxing
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Diastolic pressure
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What is a normal blood pressure?
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120/80
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A connective tissue, consists of cells within a matrix
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Blood
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Is the liquid matrix of blood, is 90-92% water, many types of proteins, and other dissolved substances
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Plasma
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Are erythrocytes, are saucer-shaped disks packed with the pigmenthemoglobin
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Red blood cells
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A protein that carries O2, each molecule has 4 iron atoms that each carry one oxygen molecule
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hemoglobin
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Most numerous cells in blood, at maturity lack nuclei, ribosomes, and mitochondria
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red blood cells
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Lasts about 120 days, eventually destroyed or recycled
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red blood cells
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Are leukocytes, are immune systems cells
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White blood cellls
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Larger than red blood cells, retain nuclei and lack hemoglobin
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White blood cells
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Cancers in which bone marrow overproduces white blood cells at the expense of red blood cells
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Leukemias
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HIV destroys a type of white blood cell resulting in
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AIDS
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Thrombocytes, small, colorless cell fragments
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Platelets
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Travels freely within vessels until smooth endothelial lining disrupted by tear or obstruction
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Platelets
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Release biochemicals that combine with clotting factors that ends in a blood clot
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Platelets
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Works with circulatory system, collects fluid that leaks from capillaries
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Lymphatic system
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Removes bacteria, debris, cancer cells and return fluids to the blood
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Lymphatic system
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colorless fluid
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Lymph
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Capillaries merge into larger vessels,contain infection-fighting white blood cells.
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Lymph
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