Circulatory, Lymphatic, Immune System

Front 1

Plasma

Back 1

liquid portion of blood, makes up about 55% of blood volume

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Plasma Components

Back 2

- glucose
- albumin: protein that helps maintain oncotic pressure
- immunoglobulins: protein in the immune system
- fibrin: protein important for blood clotting (hemostasis)
- CO2 and O2 for respiration, CO2 as buffer
- Lipoproteins: consist of fats, cholesterol and carrier proteins --> transport lipids in the bloodstream
- Urea: metabolic waste product, carrier of excess Nitrogen

Front 3

Formed Elements of Blood

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- Volume of blood occupied by RBC's or erythrocytes is the hematocrit
-- Males = 40-45% of blood volume,
-- Females = 35-40% of blood volume
- WBC's (leukocytes) and platelets about 1% of blood volume

Front 4

RBC's (Erythrocytes)

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- no nucleus, mitochondria or other organelles
- use glycolysis for ATP

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WBC's (Leukocytes)

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- large complex cells with normal eukaryotic cell structure
- macrophages and neutrophils can move by ameboid motility
- some WBC's can move by chemotaxis
- there are six types of WBC's

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Macrophage

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- WBC, monocyte
- phagocytose debris and microorganisms
- ameboid motility
- chemotaxis

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B Cell

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- WBC, lymphocytes
- mature into plasma cell and produce antibodies

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T Cell

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- WBC, lymphocytes
- kill virus-infected cells, tumor cells, and reject tissue grafts
- control immune response

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Neutrophil

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- WBC, granulocytes
- phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus
- ameboid motility
- chemotaxis

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Eosinophil

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- WBC, granulocytes
- destroy parasites
- allergic reactions

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Basophil

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- WBC, granulocytes
- store and release histamine
- allergic reactions

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Factors that Stabilize Tense Hb (low O2 affinity)

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1. Decreased pH
2. Increased PCO2 (level of CO2 in the blood)
3. Increased Temperature
Together known as the Bohr Effect

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O2-Hb Dissociation Curves

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- Left-shift = higher affinity for O2 (ex. fetal Hb)
- Right-shift = lower affinity for O2 (Bohr affect, ex. active tissues)

Front 14

Nutrient Absorption

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- a.a. and glucose absorbed from digestive tract and carried by hepatic portal vein to the liver
-- liver stores a.a. and glucose and releases them into the bloodstream
- lipids are absorbed from intestine and packaged into chylomicrons (a type of lipoprotein), chylomicrons enter lacteals in intestinal wall, which empty into larger lymphatics and then drain into large vein near the neck