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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Approx. what percent of the body is fluid?
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60-80 % fluid by volume
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The Circulatory system consists of??
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the cardiovascular and lymphatic-immune systems
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The cardiovascular system consists of?
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Blood, heart, and blood vessels
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What is an endangerment site?
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Areas where caution should be excersized
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What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
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Transportation
Protection Prevention of hemorrhage |
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what are 4 characteristics of blood
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-Viscous
-pH is slightly alkaline -color varies from bright red to dark maroon -Blood is warmer than the rest of the body 100 degrees |
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What is plasma?
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Straw colored liquid that helps transport the blood cells
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What percent of blood is plasma?
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55 percent
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What solutes are found in plasma
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-Fibrinogen
-plasma proteins -hormones -enzemes -waste |
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Where are blood cells formed?
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In red bone marrow of long flat and irregular bones.
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All types of blood cells are produced from a single undifferentiated cell called?
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Pluripotent Stem Cell
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How many blood cells make up 45 % of the blood?
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3
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What is the primary function of erythrocytes?
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transport oxygen in the blood
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Define hemoglobin
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red respiratory pigment
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What determines different blood types?
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Special proteins on the surface of RBC's
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What is the life span of an erythrocyte?
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100-120 days
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What is the function of leukocytes?
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Protects the body from invading bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens
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WBC's produce what to combat irritants?
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Histamine
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What is the chemical effect of histamine?
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Dilation of capillaries, decreased blood pressure, and constriction of smooth muscles of the bronchi
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What are antibodies produced in response to?
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specific foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses, or an incompatible blood type
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Where are leukocytes formed?
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Formed in bone marrow, and some mature in the thymus.
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How long is the life span of a leukocyte?
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a few hours to several years
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List specialized leukocytes
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-basophils
-eosinophils -neutrophils -lymphocytes -monocytes |
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What are platelets? (thrombocytes)
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Fragmented cells that help repair leaks in the blood vessels through vaarious clotting mechanisms
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What is the life span of a platelets?
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Approx. 10 days
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List 3 mechanisms for blood clotting
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- Vascular spasm
- Platelet Plug - Coagulation |
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When is deep massage contraindicated?
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clotting dificulties, is on anticoagulant therapy, or is taking perscriptionor non perscription blood thinners, ibuprofren, or warfarin
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what is on the surface of RBC's
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antigens
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What anti bodie does blood type a have?
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against type b
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what anti bodies does blood type b have
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against a
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What antibodies does blood type AB have?
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NONE
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What antibodies does blood type O have?
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Against A and B
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What happens if a person is given the wrong blood type in a blood transfusion?
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organ failure or death
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Who is the universal RECIPIENT?
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AB
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Who is the universal DONOR?
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O
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What does Rh blood group system depend on?
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the presence or absence of the Rh protein on erythrocytes
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What percent of the population is Rh positive?
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85 %
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When do pregnant Rh negative women have problems?
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When the baby is rh positive
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Where is the heart located?
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Mediastinum region, rest on diaphram
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What is the size of the heart?
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roughly a clenched fist
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What is atria?
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Superior chambers take in blood through large veins & then pump it to inferior chambers
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What are ventricles?
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Lower chambers, pump blood to the bodyd organs and tissues
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What is the intraventricular septum?
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Separates right and left ventricles
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Why does the heart function as a double pump?
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The right hand pump forces oxygen- depleted blood to the lungs, the left squeezes oxygen rich blood to the rest of the body
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Average heart beat is?
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70 BPM
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Define Pericardium
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surrounding and protecting the heart and is a double layered sac
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Define Epicardium
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a thin outer layer of serous membrane
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Define myocardium
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Thick cardiac muscle layer that make up the bulk of the heart
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Define Endocardium
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thin inner lining of the heart and is continuous with the endothelial lining of the heart
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Where does blood entering the right atrium come from?
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all parts of the body except the lungs
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Where does blood go when it leaves the right ventricle?
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routed to the lungs to release carbon dioxide and pick up oxygen, thru pulmonary arteries
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What vessels transport blood back to the heart from the lungs?
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Pulmanary veins
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Define Stroke Volume
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The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during each contraction
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Where are the heart valves located?
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Between the chambers of the heart and between the ventricles and some of the great vessels
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Describe Atrioventricular valves
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Separate the atria from the ventricles
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Describe semulunar valves
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located between both ventricles and thier adjacent arteries
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Describe Tricuspid valve
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right AV valve and posses three flaps or cusps
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Describe pulmonary semilunar valve
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lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
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Describe aortic semilunar valve
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lies between the left ventricle and the aorta
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Describe the hearts conduction system
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hearts rate of contraction is controlled by a system of modified cardiac cells that conduct impulses through the muscle tissue of the heart
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