Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The heart is a ______ that pumps _____ ______ ___ ____ |
Muscle, blood around the body |
|
|
What are the four main chambers of the heart? |
Right atrium, Left atrium, Right ventricle, Left ventricle |
|
|
Where are the natural pacemakers located? |
The right atrium |
|
|
What is an artificial pacemaker? |
An electronic device used to correct irregularities in the heart rate |
|
|
In coronary heart disease layers of _____ ________ build up inside the coronary arteries, _________ them. This reduces _____ ____ through the arteries and results in a lack of ______ to the heart muscle |
Fatty material, Narrowing, Blood flow, Oxygen |
|
|
What are used to keep coronary arteries open? |
Stents
|
|
|
What are the two main faults of the valves |
-Stiffened heart valve tissue -Leaky valves |
|
|
What are the two types of valve replacements? |
-Biological valves ( from mammals or human donors) -Mechanical valves |
|
|
What are artificial hearts used for? |
-For patients that are waiting for a heart transplant -To allow the heart to rest |
|
|
Where does blood enter the heart? |
The right and left atria |
|
|
Where does blood leave the heart
|
The right and left ventricles
|
|
|
What do valves ensure?
|
That blood keeps flowing in the correct direction
|
|
|
What are the blood vessels associated with the heart? |
Aorta, Vena Cava, Pulmonary artery, Pulmonary vein & Coronary arteries
|
|
|
Arteries have _____ walls containing ______ and _______ tissue |
Thick, muscle, elastic |
|
|
Veins have ____ walls and often have ______ to prevent ________ of blood |
thin, valves, backflow |
|
|
What are capillaries? |
narrow, thin walled blood vessels |
|
|
What is the use of capillaries? |
Substances produced by the cells pass into the blood through the capillaries and substances needed by body tissues pass out of the blood through the capillaries |
|
|
What is blood made of? |
Red blood cells, White blood cells, plasma, platelets |
|
|
What does plasma transport? |
-Carbon dioxide from the organs to the lungs -Soluble products of digestion from the small intestine to other organs -Urea from the liver to the kidneys |
|
|
What makes red blood cells red? |
Heamoglobin |
|
|
What do red blood cells transport? |
Oxygen from the lungs to the organs |
|
|
What does haemoglobin do in the lungs? |
Combine with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin |
|
|
What do white blood cells do? |
Form part of the body's defence system against micro-organisms |
|
|
What are platelets? |
Small cell fragments which help blood clot at the site of a wound |
|
|
How does blood clot? |
By a series of enzyme controlled reactions which change fibrinogen into fibrin to form a network of fibres and trap blood cells |
|
|
What are antigens? |
Proteins on the surface of cells |
|
|
What is done to prevent the rejection of organ transplants? |
-The organ used is from a donor with a similar tissue type -The recipient is treated with drugs that suppress their immune system |
|
|
What are the four main types of human blood? |
O, A, B , AB |
|
|
What is the universal donor blood type? |
O |
|
|
The atria ________ to force blood into the ventricles |
Contract |
|
|
The ventricles ________ to force blood out of the heart |
Contract |
